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CONTENTS

cane. - Monocular estimation of distance. - Difficult without parallax. Law of corresponding points. — Each ganglion cell two neurons, divide for both retina. — Orientation, with prism. — Diplopia: — physiological at distances farther or nearer than point fixed. — Analogy of digital tactile sense.— - Binocular estimation of distance. - Fusing successive double images. — Coördination of convergence and accommodation. - Stereoscopic perspective. — Pictures correspond to right and left retinal images. Convergence required to fuse, determines distance; convergence excessive, nearness; convergence slight, distance. — May overcome mathematical perspective. - Binocular vision an acquired faculty. - Fusion training. The amblyoscope. — Phoro-optometer stereoscope. Controlled reading

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xi

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55-65

CHAPTER V

HYPNOSIS-HISTORICAL

Hypnotism. Historical.

Neuro-hypnotism.

- Nerve sleep, so called by Braid, 1843. — Phenomena are as old as civilization.-Early religions show many instances. Evident in religious fanaticism of to-day. - Mesmer. "De Planetarium Influxa,” 1776. — The action and virtue of animal magnetism.- The Paris establishment; mystery. Investigation by Academy of Sciences: "Not worthy of further scientific investigation." - Second investigation of mesmerism. — Eliotson, 1837, University Hosp., London. Resignation and publication of journal. - Esdaile, 1845, India. — Painless surgery. — Braid, 1843, 'Neurypnology." Rechristened" Hypnotism." - Result of subjective causes. Liébeault, 1864, Nancy, socalled "school."—Charcot, 1878, Salpêtrière school.Society for Psychic Research, 1882, International. Bramwell, England, best living exponent. Quackenboss, New York, moral reformation. - Morton Prince, Boston, multiple personalities. - Petersen, Boston, translator of Wetterstrand. — Sidis, Brookline, "Psychology

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of Suggestion," "Psycho-pathological Researches," "Multiple Personality."— Methods of hypnotizing. — Physical means not essential but useful. Patient should be told

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what to expect. — Narcotics and anesthetics. - Susceptibility, almost universal. Well-balanced individuals

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best subjects. Hysterical and weak-willed difficult. Hypnotism a physiological function

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Hypnosis. Phenomena. — Classification, difficult and some-
what arbitrary. — Mild, catalepsy, conclusive evidence of
hypnosis. Deep, somnambulism, hallucinations ac-
cepted. - Catalepsy unwise to exceed at first attempt;
sufficient for slight analgesia; sufficient for therapeutic
suggestions. — Anesthesia not practicable for general
surgery, because not absolute in more than ten per cent.
Character and frequency of pulse may be controlled.
-Suggestibility increased, raise of threshold. - Amnesia
the rule, but subject to suggestion. The alert stage,
seemingly inconsistent with sleep. Hallucinations:
positive, negative; en rapport with operator, but others
may be introduced.
Subject reasons deductively, but
not inductively.— Post-hypnotic suggestions; apprecia-
tion of time.-Automatism, not absolute, subject may
refuse harmless suggestion. - Criminal suggestions, pop-
ular literature responsible for belief in; mistaken deduc-
tions from paper dagger experiment. — Refinement of
moral sense. - The higher self: avoid being deceived.
Precautions in conducting experiments: avoid self-
deception.

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- 1851,

magnetism.
Professor Gregory, “Animal Magnetism.” Influence

Influence of heavenly bodies.

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