Amurath. You would take his first minister for

they will want to choose him for Middlesex. His and leaving that, practised with some reputation court is extremely well ordered, for they bow as low as a physician at Altona. His evil fortune led to him at every word, as if his name were Sultan him to Copenhagen, where very considerable talonly the first of his slaves. I hope this example, ents, a fine person and graceful manner, comwhich they have been good enough to exhibit at the mended him to the king. On the return of the opera, will civilize us. There is, indeed, a pert royal party to Denmark, Christian presented young gentleman who a little discomposes this Struensee to the queen with his own hand, recomaugust ceremonial; his name is Count Holke, his mended him to her confidence as a physician, and

age three and twenty, and his post answers to one that we had formerly in England, ages ago, called in our tongue, a high favorite. Minerva, in the shape of Count Bernstorff (or out of all shape in the person of the Duchess of ) is to conduct Telemachus to York races; for can a monarch be perfectly accomplished in the mysteries of kingcraft, unless initiated in the art of jockeyship? Vol. i., pp. 173-4.

Count Holke, the Narcissus of the group-ever

very soon afterwards promoted him to the station of privy councillor. His influence was now in the ascendant, and an occasion offered which at once, and very naturally, established it. The follies and excesses of the king, which, bad as they were, were all, through the artifices of his stepmother, exaggerated to the queen, led to their being alienated from each other, and to their living apart. Struensee succeeded in reconciling them. From

his own admirer-was, as well as Molke, his rival that day he received every hour new marks of in the royal confidence, a shallow follower of pleas- their regard, was soon known as the confidential

ure, and the scenes into which they led their thoughtless master were of the most discreditable kind. Monarchs, however, who go about incognito, sometimes meet with warnings which they would not be likely to receive under other circumstances, and so it proved with our young Christian VII. One evening he and his friends went in disguise to some place of resort frequented by Danish and Swedish shipmasters, and Count Holke asked an old skipper what he thought of his king;

adviser of the king, and in a little time appointed his first minister, with almost unlimited powers. He was, moreover, given the highest title of nobility, that of a Count of Denmark.

This rapid elevation was most unfortunate for him. It exposed him to the envy of a jealous aristocracy, and rendered him unpopular, the Danes not liking that a foreigner-and such they counted the natives of Holstein-should have so much power in the state. Struensee, while simply a

and if he were not proud of the honors paid to doctor, was generally beloved, and in his new him by the English? "I think," said the sea-sphere he exhibited great industry, and consideraman, dryly, " that with such counsellors as Count ble administrative talents; but he was prone to Holke, if he escapes destruction it will be by mira- rash innovation, and some of his measures were cle." "Do you know Count Holke, friend," said he, "that you thus speak of him so familiarly?" "Only by report," said the Dane; "but

both ill-judged and unpassable. He offended the military by disbanding the regiments of guards, on the ground of economy; he incurred the hostility

everybody in Copenhagen pities the queen, attrib- of the nobility, by suppressing the privy council, uting the coolness which the king showed to her, and excited the indignation of the people at large as he was setting out on this voyage, to the mal- by repealing one of their ancient laws, which pun

ice of Count Holke." "The confusion of the minion," says Gillespie Smyth, "may be conceived; while the king, giving the skipper a handful of ducats, bade him 'speak the truth and shame the devil." The moment the king spoke in Danish, the old man knew him, and looking at him with love and reverence, said in a low and subdued tone, "Forgive me, sire, but I cannot conceal my grief to see you exposed to the temptations of this vast metropolis, under the pilotage of the most dissolute nobleman in Denmark." This incident, we are told, led to the decline of the influence of Holke, and to the rise of that of a more celebrated person, the Count Struensee, who had also accompanied the king to England, as his physician, and of whom, as he is a leading character in our tragic

ished adultery with death. This last proceeding was accepted as a proof of his sympathy with vice, and his leaning to licentiousness. It was not enough attended to that he was the first minister of an absolute monarch who abolished torture, that he did much toward the emancipation of the serfs; that he encouraged agriculture, commerce, and manufactures; exempted from censure all literary productions, and granted to all religious denominations the free exercise of their worship. The good that he did "was buried with him," while his errors were too bitterly remembered. He was deficient in the vigilance and sagacity needful for one who had to contend with numerous enemies, and he did not possess that purity of personal conduct which might have eventually set

tale, it is needful for us now to speak. John Fred him right with the people. He had the reputation erick Struensee was the son of a poor and humble of being a profligate, and this was the main cause clergyman, who was afterwards, but long before of his ruin, as well as of the fall of the innocent his son came into power, advanced to a bishopric queen. Caroline Matilda was but nineteen, and it in Holstein, and who, it was known, never ceased will not raise the wonder of any one that she to lament the elevation of his child. Struensee should with youthful warmth exhibit her gratitude was born in Holstein, in 1737, received his early to one who had restored her to influence, and education in the Orphan House of D'Franke at served her so materially. She undoubtedly conHalle, passed on at fourteen to the University, ducted herself in regard to him with extreme im

prudence, dancing with him in public, having him as her attendant in her daily rides, and permitting him, as our editor observes, to assume towards her an air of ostentatious intimacy which gave great offence. In these, as well as in some particulars of less importance, she was too indifferent to appearances. The very circumstance of her ordinary equestrian costume is said to have aided quite as much as anything else in disposing the people to believe the scandalous rumors which were circulated against her.

When Queen Matilda rode out a hunting, her attire too much resembled a man's. Her hair was pinned up closer than usual; she wore a dove-colored beaver hat, with a gold band and tassels, a long scarlet coat, a frilled shirt, and a man's cravat, while from beneath the coat was seen to peep a more unfeminine appendage still, too much in keeping with the terminating spurs. That she made a noble figure, mounted on a majestic steed, and dashing through the woods after the chase, her cheeks flushed with health and violent exercise, may readily be conceded.

Her love for hunting arose, it is said, from a desire to counteract, by following the chase, a tendency to embonpoint, and the fatal influence of her costume is another evidence that a failure in decorum is often more severely censured than a want of morals. Keith, writing home, says in reference to this ungraceful fashion :

An abominable riding-habit, with a black slouched hat, has been almost universally introduced here, which gives every woman the appearance of an awkward postilion. In all the time I have been in Denmark, I never saw the queen out in any other garb.

Mrs. Gillespie Smyth cites from a Danish writer the following description of a celebrated picture of the queen at Copenhagen:

overlooked. It was as though he meant to say, "This woman would be a queen without a throne!"

A higher title was conferred on his long-dead mistress by an old court chamberlain, who, looking on the picture, said " that was an angel!"

Who this faithful Polonius was we are not told, but we glean from another source* a still more engaging portrait of the queen, which the reader will agree with us in thinking goes quite as far towards justifying his praise. It refers to a period when the weak monarch and his worthless friend were wasting health and character amidst the mysteries of Paris, or the low orgies of London:

During the absence of her giddy lord, Matilda resided, principally, at the palace of Fredericksburg, in the neighborhood of Copenhagen, and her conduct was free from reproach. Though courted and menaced by conflicting parties, she joined with none, nor showed the least ambition for political power. She appeared to feel a truly maternal affection for her child, and, in spite of remonstrances, had the infant and nurse to sleep in her own apartment. She sometimes visited, and was visited by the queen dowager, but lived very retired. She was grown in stature and appearance much more womanly than when she arrived in Denmark. The glow of robust health was on her cheek; she often nursed her child, and a more interesting object could scarcely be conceived than this lovely and lively queen playing with her babe.

During this period of retirement she visited the houses of the farmers and peasants who resided near the palace; and though she could not converse fluently with these poor, grateful people, she gained their warm hearts by her condescension in visiting their cottages, smiling graciously on their wives and daughters, and distributing useful presents. Thus innocently Queen Matilda passed her time, during the travels of her wild and dissipated husband.

When the ambitious queen dowager conceived that her artifices were successful, that she was supOver a marble table hung a portrait in a broad ported by the military, the dissatisfied nobility, and gilt frame. It represented a lady in a dress of blu- might probably rely on the peoplet at large, she ish satin, embroidered with gold and edged with formed a conspiracy, in which the chief agents lace; the sleeves and puffs over the full bosom bewere, her son, Prince Frederick, a courtier named ing of brownish brocade. Round her neck was a closely-strung necklace of pearls, and similar rings Koller Banner, and Count Rantzau, a general of were in the ears. The hair was turned up and great influence, who had been much in the French powdered: it occupied a height and breadth which, and Russian interests, but of whom Keith says, agreeably to the fashion of the time, exceeded that that "had he lived within reach of Justice Field

of the whole face, and was decorated with a gold ing, he would have furnished matter for an Old chain, enameis, and jewels, entwined with a border The Bailey trial, any one year of the last twenty of of blonde, which hung down over one ear. his life." Their object, no doubt, was to make face was oval, the forehead high and arched; the nose delicately curved, the mouth pretty large, the * Danish MS. quoted in "Brown's Northern Courts." lips red and swelling; the eyes large, and of a pe+ This was indicated by a circumstance mentioned in a culiarly light blue, mild, and, at the same time, serious, deep, and confiding. I would describe the entire dress, piece by piece, and the features, trait by trait, but in vain should I endeavor to convey an

letter of Keith's, written before the queen's attempt: "A few hundreds of Norwegian sailors, who had some demands of pay, and were unable to feed themselves in this dear capital, went three weeks ago, in a tumultuary, though deliberate manner, to demand justice at Hincholm

idea of the peculiar expression, the amiable lofti--the king's palace near Copenhagen. Upon the first

ness or lofty amiableness, which beamed from that youthful face, the freshness of whose color I have never seen surpassed. It needed not to cast your eye upon the purple mantle, bordered with ermine, which hung carelessly on the shoulder, to discover in her a queen! She could be nothing of inferior rank. This the painter, too, had felt, for the border of the mantle was so narrow as almost to be

promise of redress, they returned quietly to town, but it was easy to see what might have been effected by this handful of men, if they had been led to the palace by a less pardonable impulse than hunger. The possibility of such an application is now manifest, as well as its impunity; and what is very important to the fortune of Struensee, it is generally believed that his boasted intrepidity forsook him upon the appearance of the sailors."

The well-known novelist, at that time Divisional Magistrate of Police in London.

corridor to the king's apartment. She even forced her way into it by violence; but her enemies, aware that she might try to gain admittance, and justly apprehensive of her influence over him, had taken the precaution of removing him, betimes, to another part of the palace.

Prince Frederick king, but their first step was to influence Christian VII., who, from early dissipation, was become weak in mind, to sign a warrant for the arrest of Count Struensee, and of the queen, and then, it was said, to have them both put to death. They endeavored to persuade the king that there was a plot against his person and dignity, at the head of which were Struensee and his wife; but though taken by surprise, and feeble in understanding, Christian refused to sign the document, and it was only on false representations urged by the queen dowager and Prince Fred- piès me manquent; mais, mes bras sont libres, et erick, that he gave at length a reluctant consent. j'en offrirai un à votre majesté, pour l'aides à The order once given, was immediately carried monter en voiture." She was then put into a into execution. It was long past midnight. coach, which waited for her at the door, near the Struensee was found in bed, and awakened from

a deep sleep to the horrors of his condition. The queen had for some time retired to her own apartment, and was also asleep.

Exhausted by the agitation of her mind, and by such exertions of body, the queen attempted no further resistance. She returned to her own chamber, where she was aided to dress herself, and informed that she must instantly quit Copenhagen. Rantzau had the insolence to say to her, alluding to his gouty feet, "Vous voyez, madame, que mes

chapel of the palace. Two ladies, a maid-servant, the little princess her daughter, and a major in the Danish service, got into the carriage with her. They took the road to Cronenburg, a distance of about twenty-four miles, which, as they drove at a great rate, they soon reached, and in which fortress the queen was confined.

"There was immured," writes a cotemporary author, " in the gloomy mansions of guilt and horror, a queen, whose personal charms and mental accomplishments would have melted into compassion the heart of a ruffian. In this inhospitable fortress she had not even been permitted to have the necessary clothes to prepare herself against the severity of the weather in this frozen region; nor was she indulged with more conveniences in her apartments than those granted to criminals of the lowest station, but treated with the greatest indignity by her unfeeling keepers and an insolent soldiery."-Vol. i., pp. 244 to 247.

It was about five o'clock in the morning, when she was awakened by a Danish female attendant, who always lay in the adjoining room. Holding a candle in one hand, she held out a paper to the queen in the other, which, with marks of agitation, she requested of her majesty to peruse. It contained a request, rather than an order, couched in very concise but respectful terms, stating that the "King of Denmark, for reasons of a private nature, wished her to remove to one of the royal palaces in the country for a few days." The queen, in her first surprise, had imagined that the note which she saw in the woman's hand, came from the Baron de Bulow, her master of the horse, and that its purport was to inquire whether it was her pleasure to hunt on that day. But no sooner had she cast her eye over the paper and read its contents, The charges against the queen were two; first, with a royal signature annexed, than she instantly that of adultery with Struensee, and next, a decomprehended the nature and extent of her misfor- sign to poison the king. Although they were tune. Conscious that if she could only gain access altogether unsupported by evidence, the populace to the king, she could in a moment overturn the received them as if they were already proved; and plans of her enemies, she sprung out of bed, and this bad feeling was stimulated by wretches who without waiting to put on anything except a pettiwere paid to cry out, "Justice against Matilda!" coat and shoes, she rushed into the ante-chamber. There the first object which she met was Count "Vivat Regina Juliana." The queen dowager Rantzau, seated quietly in a chair. Recollecting ruled the king and the kingdom, Prince Frederick then her dishevelled state, she cried out, " Eloignez was given the significant title of The Hereditary Prince, and the council, now composed of the ensentable." She immediately emies of the queen, pronounced her, without even ran back to her chamber, and hastily threw on the form of a trial, guilty of adultery, and of some clothes, assisted by her women. On attempt- having been privy to poison being administered to ing a second time to leave her room, she found that Rantzau had withdrawn himself, but had stationed her husband. There appears to be no doubt that an officer in the doorway, who opposed her further the intention of the conspirators was to put her to passage. Rendered almost frantic by this insult, death. They perfectly well knew the influence added to her distress, she seized him by the hair, which she possessed with her weak and wavering

vous, Monsieur Le Comte, pour l'amour de Dieu, car je ne suis pas présentable.'

demanding to see Count Struensee or the king. "Madam," said he, " I only do my duty, and obey orders. There is no Count Struensee now, nor can your majesty see the king." Having pushed him aside, she advanced to the door of the antechamber, where two soldiers had crossed their fire

husband, and that so long as she lived, her return to power would be, at any time, probable. This view is corroborated by the authority of Archdea con Cox, who, after having twice visited Den mark, and carefully inquired into the matter, ex

locks in order to stop her progress. The queen pressed himself as well assured that the queen commanded them to let her pass, and added prom- was "not only uncertain of the fate that awaited ises of reward if they obeyed. Both the soldiers her, but had reason to apprehend that the party fell on their knees, and one of them said in Danish, who arrested her meditated still more violent "It is a sad duty, but we must perform it. Our measures." It was under such circumstances that heads are answerable if we allow your majesty to pass." As no man, however, dared to lay hands Keith, the English minister, forced his way into upon the queen, she stepped over the muskets, the council, and stood forward as the defender of which were crossed, and ran, half wild, along the the queen; he refuted the statements made against her, vindicated her innocence, denounced the ven-remotest of the frozen regions of Jutland. The

cacy, desired Lord Suffolk, the secretary of state as Walpole remarks, "the unique instance of a for foreign affairs, to inform Colonel, now Sir divorce passed without the consent of either parRobert Murray Keith, that he chose the time pre- ty." In this, as in her other perils, Keith was

a failure; the public, who had time to reflect, of embarking with her on board an English frigate disbelieved the charges, and the queen dowager, at Elsinore. Even the hour of her escape from whose original purpose was to have Matilda pun- Denmark was rendered in the highest degree ished with death, and her children declared ille- distressing-she was obliged to give up her gitimate, felt herself compelled to change the infant child, whom she had until then nursed hersentence to that of perpetual imprisonment in the self.

She fondly pressed for some minutes the babe to her bosom, and bedewed it with a shower of tears; she then attempted to tear herself away; but the voice, the smiles, the endearing, emotions of the infant were claims that irresistibly drew her back. At last she called up all her resolution, took her once more in her arms, with the impetuous ardor of distracted love, imprinted on the lips of the babe the farewell kiss, and returning it to the attendant, exclaimed, "Away, away, I now possess nothing here!"

This guiltless and more than widowed queen, resided for five years at Zell, in Hanover, where she was beloved, and where, her health having been impaired by her misfortunes, she closed her painful life, on the 10th of May, 1774, at the early age of twenty-four.

ing from 1 to 30 discount-the greater number, however, do not exceed & discount.

In the state of Maine there are forty banks issuing notes, the whole of which are marked at discounts varying from to 10 per cent.

In New Hampshire there are twenty-five banks issuing notes, which are all marked at discount.

In Vermont there are twenty-two banks, all of which are marked at discounts varying from 1 to 1 per cent.

In Massachusetts, the great manufacturing portion of the Union, there are one hundred and twentythree banks issuing notes. The whole are marked at discount.

In Rhode Island there are sixty-two banks, all of which are marked at discount, except one, which is marked at 60 discount.

In Connecticut there are thirty-seven banks, all of which are marked at + discount.

In New Jersey there are twenty-six banks, all of which are marked at to discount, except one, which is marked 80 discount.

We have been led to give this outline of the story of Caroline Matilda, because the narrative of her life fills, as we have already said, a great portion of these volumes, and is of the deepest interest. The part which Keith took as her defender, was the great achievement of his life, and justly established his influence and his fame. He In Pennsylvania there are fifty-four banks issuing was soon afterwards appointed ambassador at notes, only one of which is marked at par, and fiftyVienna, and held that high office until a few three are marked at discounts varying from 1, 1, 14, years before his death, which took place at his 2, 3, to 10 discount, and one is even as low as 50 residence near London, on the 7th of July, 1795. His memoirs and letters, now collected, form the best monument to his honorable name, and they are illustrated with a very remarkable industry, and great happiness of research.

From the Economist, 8 Sept.

UNITED STATES BANK-NOTE CIRCULATION.

We have lying before us a remarkable document in relation to the monetary system of the United States. It is a list of all the banks of the Union which issue notes, with the value of each at New York at the sailing of the last mail. Of these banks there are no fewer than six hundred and ninety-eight, of which the notes of only fifty-three were at par, leaving those of no less than six hundred and forty-five at various rates of discount. No doubt, in a great majority of these cases, the discount has reference rather to the cost of exchange than to a depreciation of the note, or a doubt as to its value. On the other hand, in very many cases, the large discounts marked against these notes show that in New York, at least, they are greatly depreciated, and in every case the discount betokens a very imperfect system of internal exchange.

discount.

In Delaware there are six banks, all of which are marked at discount.

In Maryland there are twenty-three banks, all of which are marked at discounts varying from, 1, 3, and up to 10 discount.

In the District of Columbia there are five banks, all marked at 1 discount.

In Virginia there are nine banks, all marked at discounts varying from 1 to 24.

In North Carolina there are four banks, all marked at 2 discount.

In South Carolina there are eleven banks, all marked at 14 discount.

In Georgia there are ten banks, all marked at 1 discount.

In Alabama there are two banks, the one marked at 2, the other at 6 discount.

In Louisiana there are eight banks, all marked at 2 discount.

In Ohio there are twenty-two banks, all marked at 13 discount, except three, which are marked at 40, 60, and 80 discount respectively.

In Indiana there is one bank, at 2 discount.

In Kentucky there are three banks, all marked at

5 discount.

In Missouri there is one bank, marked at 2 discount.

In Michigan there are three banks, all marked at 2 discount.

In Wisconsin Territory there is one bank, marked at 2 discount.

Making in all 698 banks, of which the notes of 53 are marked at par, and those of the remaining 645 at the various rates of discount indicated above.