poured forth in no moderate measure. Il tended that the spiritual authority can subfaut louer davantage l'empereur dans vos mit to such compromises, and make such mandements,' said M. Réal, the préfet of concessions to a temporal power, without police, to M. l'Abbé de Broglie, bishop of degradation, and never, we imagine, was Acqui, and afterwards of Ghent. Don- any national body of clergy reduced to nez-moi donc la mesure,' replied the pre-such a condition of unresisting uniform serlate. Je ne la sais pas.' Allons, vility as that of the First Empire; for almonsieur, donnez-moi exactement, je vous though the Court of Rome chose to shut prie, la dose de la louange, afin que je its eyes to the fact, the Pope by the Conpuisse toujours l'atteindre sans jamais la cordat placed virtually at the head of the dépasser. The invention of a Saint Na- French Church a sovereign who, whatever poléon' and the Imperial Catechism further sentimental preference he might have for exemplify the care with which it was en- Catholicism as a State religion, was notodeavoured to train the religious sentiment riously a Deist; while the Bishops of France of France in a proper direction. This cate- submitted to his dictation even in matters chism was based on that of Bossuet, which, of dogma. Napoleon was content that the remodelled by M. Portalis, and finally Church should exercise to the fullest exrevised by the Emperor, received a startling tent her sovereign sway over the minds of development in its fourth commandment, men, provided she recognised her own suon the duties of Christians to their princes. perior in himself. Two questions and answers will illustrate sufficiently this extraordinary document :

'Q. Are there no particular motives which ought to attach us especially to Napoleon I. our Emperor?

I was about to raise the Pope up beyond measure, to surround him with pomp and homage. I would have brought him to regret no more his temporal power. I would have made him an idol. He should have remained A. Yes; for it is he whom God has raised by my side in Paris, which would have become up in times of difficulty for the re-establishing the capital of the Christian world, and I would have directed the world-Christian as well as of public worship and the Holy Religion of our fathers, and to be its protector. He has rethe world-political. I would have had my restored and preserved public order with his pro-ligious.sessions as well as my legislative sessions. found and active wisdom; he defends the State with his mighty arm; he is become the anointed of the Lord, by the consecration which he has received from the Sovereign Pontiff, head of the

Universal Church.

Q. What ought we to think of those who fail in their duty towards our Emperor?

6

A. According to the Apostle St. Paul, they resist the order established by God himself, and render themselves worthy of eternal damna

tion.'

My councils would have been the representative bodies of Christendom; the Pope would but have been its president. I would have opened and closed these assemblies, approved and published their decisions, in the same way as Constantine and Charlemagne had done before me.'

The language in which he thus declares the nature of his project for subjugating the Papacy entirely to the service of his own domination in Europe, when his ambition had expanded to its colossal Carlovingian pretensions, is haughtier than ever issued from the lips of any conqueror; and if he had succeeded in his aim, never before would Europe have been enslaved by so hopeless and terrible a form of spiritual and material despotism. To the honour of the Church his project was defeated. The meek resistance of Pius VII. to the overwhelming force which had crushed every independent Power on the continent of Europe, was therefore a protest worthy of the sacred character of the Head of the Latin The nature of this compromise was pre- Church in favour of the dignity and liberty cisely that on which the Concordat, ob- of man; and, by the justice of Heaven, the tained in such violent fashion from the Fa- victim survived the conqueror, the feeble pacy, itself is based. It cannot be pre-endured, the mighty one perished.

The difficulties as to the acceptance of the Imperial Catechism by the Episcopacy of France were great on various points. One of these difficulties related to the words hors de l'Eglise point de salut,' which Napoleon wished to omit; however, he consented to insert these words, which are found also in the Catechism of Bossuet; and in return the Church allowed herself to be seduced into declaring that all who opposed the government of Napoleon were worthy of eternal damnation.

X.

MADAME THERESE.

THE next day when I woke, my little windows were loaded with snow; it was still falling so fast that we could not see the opposite house. Outside the bells of Uncle Jacob's sleigh were tinkling; his horse Kappel whined; but no other sound was heard, all the people of the village having taken care to shut their doors.

I thought something extraordinary must have occurred to make my uncle decide to set off on a journey in such weather; and having dressed I went down stairs quickly to learn what it could be.

The alley was open; my uncle, plunged in the snow up to his knees, his large otterskin cap drawn over his neck, and the collar of his great-coat turned up, was arranging in haste a bundle of straw in the sleigh. "Are you going away, uncle?" I called out, as I stepped upon the threshold.

"Yes, Fritzel, yes, I am going," said he, in a cheerful tone; "will you go with

me ? "

I should have liked very much to go in the sleigh, but seeing those large flakes of snow whirling up high in the air, and think"Aning it would be cold, I replied, other day, uncle; to-day I like better to stay at home."

Then he laughed aloud, and coming in again he pinched my ear, which he often did when he was in good humour.

We went together into the kitchen, where the fire was dancing upon the hearth and diffused a pleasant warmth. Lisbeth was washing the porringers in front of the little window with round panes which looked out upon the court. Everything was quiet in the kitchen; the large soup dishes seemed to shine more than usual, and upon their bulging sides fifty little flames were dancing like those on the hearth. "Now everything is ready," said my uncle, opening the pantry and stuffing into his pocket a crust of bread.

He put under his great-coat the flask of kirschenwasser that he always carried on a journey; then, just as he was going into the large room, his hand on the latch, he told the old servant not to forget his directions, to keep good fires everywhere, to leave the door open so as to hear Madame Thérèse, and to give her everything she might ask for, with the exception of food, for she must take only a cup of broth in the morning and another in the evening with some vegetables, and to thwart her in nothing.

At last he went in, and I followed him,

thinking of the pleasure I should have when
he was gone in running all through the vil-
lage with my friend Scipio, and doing honour
to myself with his talents.

66

Well, Madame Thérèse," said my uncle, in a cheerful tone, "Here I am, just off. What fine weather for sleighing!"

Madame Thérèse, leaning on her elbow in the depth of the alcove, the curtains drawn on one side, looked at the windows with a very sober countenance.

"Are you going to see a patient, monsieur doctor?" she asked.

66

'Yes, a poor wood-cutter at Dannbach, three leagues from here, who has got hurt under his sled; it is a serious wound, and admits of no delay.'

"What a hard profession yours is!" said Madame Thérèse in a softened tone; "to go out in such weather to succour an unfortunate man, who, perhaps, will never recompense your services!"

66

"Eh! undoubtedly," answered my uncle, as he filled his large porcelain pipe; "that has often happened to me already; but what would you? because a man is poor is no reason for letting him die; we are all brothers, Madame Thérèse, and the wretched have a right to live as well as the rich." Yes, you are right, and yet how many in your place would quietly remain by their fireside instead of risking their lives for the sole pleasure of doing good!" And raising her eyes expressively, doctor," she said, "you are a Republican.” "I, Madame Thérèse! what do you mean?" he exclaimed, laughing.

"Monsieur

"Yes, a true Republican," she replied; "a man whom nothing stops, who despises all trouble, all hardships, in fulfilling his duty."

Ah! if you should be happy plied my uncle. all parts of the found."

66

re

mean it in that way, I "But in all places and in to deserve the name,' world such men may be

Then, Monsieur Jacob, they are Republicans without knowing it."

My uncle could not help smiling.

66

You have an answer for everything," said he, stuffing his parcel of tobacco into the large pocket of his great-coat; cannot discuss with you!"

66

one

Some moments of silence followed these words. My uncle struck a light. I had taken Scipio's head into my arms, and I was We will come back to thinking, "I am holding you; you are going to follow me. dinner, and after that we will begin again.” The horse continued to whinny outside, and Madame Thérèse was looking at the large

poured forth in no moderate measure.

Il tended that the spiritual authority can subfaut louer davantage l'empereur dans vos mit to such compromises, and make such mandements,' said M. Réal, the préfet of concessions to a temporal power, without police, to M. l'Abbé de Broglie, bishop of degradation, and never, we imagine, was Acqui, and afterwards of Ghent. 'Don- any national body of clergy reduced to nez-moi donc la mesure,' replied the pre-such a condition of unresisting uniform serlate. Je ne la sais pas.' Allons, monsieur, donnez-moi exactement, je vous prie, la dose de la louange, afin que je puisse toujours l'atteindre sans jamais la dépasser.' The invention of a Saint Napoléon' and the Imperial Catechism further exemplify the care with which it was endeavoured to train the religious sentiment of France in a proper direction. This catechism was based on that of Bossuet, which, remodelled by M. Portalis, and finally revised by the Emperor, received a startling development in its fourth commandment, on the duties of Christians to their princes. Two questions and answers will illustrate sufficiently this extraordinary document :

'Q. Are there no particular motives which ought to attach us especially to Napoleon I. our Emperor?

vility as that of the First Empire; for although the Court of Rome chose to shut its eyes to the fact, the Pope by the Concordat placed virtually at the head of the French Church a sovereign who, whatever sentimental preference he might have for Catholicism as a State religion, was notoriously a Deist; while the Bishops of France submitted to his dictation even in matters of dogma. Napoleon was content that the Church should exercise to the fullest extent her sovereign sway over the minds of men, provided she recognised her own superior in himself.

'I was about to raise the Pope up beyond measure, to surround him with pomp and homage. I would have brought him to regret no more his temporal power. I would have made him an idol. He should have remained A. Yes; for it is he whom God has raised by my side in Paris, which would have become up in times of difficulty for the re-establishing the capital of the Christian world, and I would of public worship and the Holy Religion of our have directed the world-Christian as well as fathers, and to be its protector. He has re- the world-political. I would have had my restored and preserved public order with his pro-ligious.sessions as well as my legislative sessions. found and active wisdom; he defends the State with his mighty arm; he is become the anointed of the Lord, by the consecration which he has received from the Sovereign Pontiff, head of the

Universal Church.

Q. What ought we to think of those who fail in their duty towards our Emperor?

A. According to the Apostle St. Paul, they resist the order established by God himself, and

render themselves worthy of eternal damna

tion.'

The difficulties as to the acceptance of the Imperial Catechism by the Episcopacy of France were great on various points. One of these difficulties related to the words 'hors de l'Eglise point de salut,' which Napoleon wished to omit; however, he consented to insert these words, which are found also in the Catechism of Bossuet; and in return the Church allowed herself to be seduced into declaring that all who opposed the government of Napoleon were worthy

My councils would have been the representative bodies of Christendom; the Pope would but have been its president. I would have opened and closed these assemblies, approved and published their decisions, in the same way as Constantine and Charlemagne had done before me.'

The language in which he thus declares the nature of his project for subjugating the Papacy entirely to the service of his own domination in Europe, when his ambition had expanded to its colossal Carlovingian pretensions, is haughtier than ever issued from the lips of any conqueror; and if he had succeeded in his aim, never before would Europe have been enslaved by so hopeless and terrible a form of spiritual and material despotism. To the honour of the Church his project was defeated. The meek resistance of Pius VII. to the overwhelming force which had crushed every independent Power on the continent of Europe, was therefore a protest worthy of the sacred character of the Head of the Latin The nature of this compromise was pre- Church in favour of the dignity and liberty cisely that on which the Concordat, ob- of man; and, by the justice of Heaven, the tained in such violent fashion from the Fa- victim survived the conqueror, the feeble pacy, itself is based. It cannot be pre-endured, the mighty one perished.

of eternal damnation.