NASA EP.National Aeronautics and Space Administration., 1961 |
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Common terms and phrases
Ames Research Center asteroid belt atmosphere of Venus back to Earth belts and zones BOW SHOCK clouds Comet Encke Comet Halley cosmic ray particles cosmic rays Diagram Discovery distances from Earth distant planets Earth's field Earth's orbit ENERGY ELECTRONS Entered solar orbit environment exploration FEB 9 fields in space flyby Galaxy heat HELIOPAUSE heliosphere helium hydrogen interactions INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM IONOPAUSE ionosphere Jovian Jupiter Pioneer Jupiter's launched mapped miles from Earth mission multiprobe NASA neer Neptune numbers observations operating Pioneer orbit Still operating outer Solar System periapsis perihelion Pioneer 9 Pioneer Probe Pioneer spacecraft Pioneer Venus Orbiter planetary plasma polar protons radar radiation belts region rings and satellites rotating Saturn Pioneer 11 Scientists seen from Earth solar activity solar cycle solar maximum solar orbit Pioneer solar wind space frontier sphere SUN EARTH surface of Venus terrestrial tions understanding upper atmosphere Uranus Venus Pioneer VOYAGER
Popular passages
Page 5 - Thor-Deltas in l965 through l968, explored interplanetary space in a band extending several million kilometers inside and outside Earth's orbit. Measurements made by these spacecraft greatly increased our knowledge of the interplanetary medium and the effects of solar activity upon the Earth. New information was gathered about the solar wind, solar cosmic rays, the structure of the Sun's plasma and magnetic fields, the physics of particles in space, and the nature of solar flares. These spacecraft...
Page 5 - ... Research Center managed the project, TRW Systems built the spacecraft, and the scientific instruments were provided by experimenters. The first spacecraft to be launched was Pioneer 6 (fig. 3-1) on December 15, 1965. On August 17 of the following year, Pioneer 7 was launched successfully, followed by Pioneer 8 on December 13, 1967, and Pioneer 9 on November 8, 1968. The final spacecraft in the series was launched August 27, 1969. Hydraulic pressure was lost in the first stage of the Delta booster...
Page 5 - ... was selected over other competitors to build the spacecraft. The Pioneer project moved rapidly ahead for a first launch. Pioneers 6 through 9, launched by Thor-Deltas in 1965 through 1968, explored interplanetary space in a band extending several million kilometers inside and outside Earth's orbit. Measurements made by these spacecraft greatly increased our knowledge of the interplanetary medium and the effects of solar activity upon the Earth. New information was gathered about the solar wind,...