A Text Book of PhysiologyHenry C. Lea's Son & Company, 1880 - 804 pages |
Contents
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Common terms and phrases
afferent impulses afferent nerve amount animal aorta arteries auricle beat becomes blood blood-pressure blood-vessels body capillaries carbonic acid cardiac caused cells central nervous system centre cerebral cervical changes chorda clot coagulation colour constriction contraction curve digestion dilation dilute diminished effect efferent elastic fact fibrin flow fluid frog galvanometer ganglion gastric give rise gland glycogen hæmoglobin heart Hence increased intestine irritability juice less lever mechanism medulla medulla oblongata metabolism movements muscle nature nerve nervous impulse normal observed oxygen paraglobulin passing pepsin peptone peripheral Pflüger's Archiv portion pressure produced proteid protoplasm quantity red corpuscles reflex action respiration respiratory result retina rigor mortis sciatic secretion seen sensations sensory serum shew shewn sodium sodium chloride solution spinal cord stimulation substance sugar surface sympathetic systole takes place temperature tetanus tissues tube urea urine valves variations vascular vaso-motor veins venous ventricle vessels wave white corpuscles
Popular passages
Page 722 - When the animal kingdom is surveyed from a broad stand-point, it becomes obvious that the ovum, or its correlative spermatozoon, is the goal of an individual existence : that life is a cycle beginning in an ovum and coming round to an ovum again. The greater part of the actions which, looking from a near point of view at the higher animals alone, we are apt to consider as eminently the purposes for which animals come into existence, when viewed from the distant outlook whence the whole living world...
Page 200 - ... the rate of the rhythm as well as in the force of the individual beats. As a matter of fact, however, we do not find this. On the contrary the relation of heart-beat to pressure may be put almost in the form of a law, that " the rate of the beat is in inverse ratio to the arterial pressure ; " a rise of pressure being accompanied by a diminution, and fall of pressure with an increase of the pulse-rate.
Page 49 - The commenceiuout; c, the naximum; and (/, the close of the contraction. The two smaller curves succeeding the larger one are due to oscillations of the lever. Below the muscle-curve is the curve drawn by a tuning-fork making 180 double vibrations a second, each complete curve...
Page 241 - These juices (viz., saliva, gastric juice, bile, pancreatic juice, succus entericus, and the secretion of the large intestine), poured upon and mingling with the food, produce in it such changes, that from being largely insoluble it becomes largely soluble in an alkaline fluid such as blood, or otherwise modify it in such a way that the larger portion of what is eaten passes into the blood, either directly by means of the capillaries of the alimentary canal, or indirectly by means of the lacteal...
Page 170 - The Sounds of the Heart. When the ear is applied to the chest, either directly or by means of a stethoscope, two sounds are heard, the first a comparatively long dull booming sound, the second a short sharp sudden one. Between the first and second sounds, the interval of time is very short, too short to be measurable, but between the second and the succeeding first sound there is a distinct pause. The sounds have been likened to the pronunciation of the syllables lubb, dup, so that the cardiac cycle,...
Page 249 - The results are essentially the same whether natural juice obtained by means of a fistula or artificial juice, ie an acid infusion of the mucous membrane of the stomach, be used. Artificial gastric juice may be prepared in any of the following ways. 1.
Page 403 - A frog, the lungs of which have been removed, will continue to live for some time, and during that period will continue not only to produce carbonic acid, but also to consume oxygen. In other words, the frog is able to breathe without lungs, respiration being carried on efficiently by means of the skin.
Page 624 - When placed on its back, it immediately regains this natural posture. When placed on a board, it does not fall from the board when the latter is tilted up so as to displace the animal's centre of gravity : it crawls up the board until it gains a new position in which its centre of gravity is restored to its proper place. Its movements are exactly those of an entire frog except that they need an external stimulus to call them forth.
Page 637 - All day long and every day multitudinous afferent impulses from eye, and ear, and skin, and muscle, and other tissues and organs, are streaming into our nervous system; and did each afferent impulse issue as its correlative motor impulse, our life would be a prolonged convulsion. As it is, by the checks and counter-checks of cerebral and spinal activities, all these impulses are drilled and marshalled and kept in hand in orderly array till a movement is called for; and thus we are able to execute...
Page 133 - In other words, a centre concerned in a reflex action is to be regarded as constituting a sort of molecular machinery, the character of the resulting movements being determined by the nature of the machinery set going and its condition at the time being, the character and amount of the afferent impulses determining exactly what parts of and how far the central machinery is thrown into action.