of terrors and miseries that call aloud for redress. M. Anatole France is humane. He is also human. He may be able to discard his philosophy; the forget that the evils are many and the remedies are few, that there is no universal panacea, that fatality is invincible, that there is an implacable menace of death in the triumph of the humanitarian idea. He may forget all that because love is stronger than truth.

III.

Besides Crainquebille this volume contains sixteen other stories and sketches. To define them it is enough to say that they are written in M. Anatole France's prose. One sketch entitled "Riquet" may be found incorporated in the volume of "M. Bergeret à Paris," "Putois" is a remarkable little tale, significant, humorous, amusing, and symbolic. It concerns the career of a man born in the utterance of a hasty and untruthful excuse made by a lady at a loss how to decline without offence a very pressing invitation to dinner from a very tyrannical aunt. This happens in a provincial town, and the lady says in effect: "Impossible, my dear aunt. To-morrow I am expecting the gardener." And the garden she glances at is a poor garden; it is a wild garden; its extent is insignificant and its neglect scems beyond remedy. "A gardener! What for?" asks the aunt. "To work in the garden." And the poor lady is abashed at the transparence of her evasion. But the lie is told, it is believed, and she sticks to it. When the masterful old aunt inquires, "What is the man's name, my dear?" she answers brazenly, "His name is Putois." "Where does he live?" "Oh! I don't know; anywhere. He won't give his address. One leaves a message for him here and there." "Oh! I see," says the other; "he is a sort of ne'er-do-well,

an idler, a vagabond. I advise you, my dear, to be careful how you let such a creature into your grounds; but I have a large garden, and when you do not want his services I shall find him some work to do, and see he does it too. Tell your Putois to come and see me." And thereupon Putois is born; he stalks abroad, invisible, upon his career of vagabondage and crime, stealing melons from gardens and teaspoons from pantries, indulging his licentious proclivities; becoming the talk of the town and of the countryside; seen simultaneously in far-distant places; pursued by gendarmes, whose brigadier assures the uneasy householders that he "knows that scamp very well, and won't be long in laying his hands on him." A detailed description of his person collected from the information furnished by various people appears in the columns of a local newspaper. Putois lives in his strength and malevolence. He lives after the manner of legendary heroes, of the gods of Olympus. He is the creation of the popular mind. There comes a time when even the innocent originator of that mysterious and potent evil-doer is induced to believe for a moment that he may have a real and tangible presence. All this is told with the wit and the art and the philosophy which is familiar to M. Auatole France's readers and admirers. For it is difficult to read M. Anatole France without admiring him. He has the princely gift of arousing spontaneous loyalty, but with this difference, that the consent of our reason has its place by the side of our enthusiasm. He is an artist. As an artist he awakens emotion. The quality of his art remains, as an inspiration, fascinating and inscrutable; but the proceedings of his thought compel our intellectual admiration.

a

In this volume the trifle called "The Military Manoeuvres at Montil," apart

from its far-reaching irony, embodies incidentally the very spirit of automobilism. Somehow or other, how you cannot tell, the flight over the country in a motor-car, its sensations, its fatigue, its vast topographical range, its incidents down to the bursting of a tire, are brought home to you with all the force of high imaginative perception. It would be out of place to analyze here the means by which the true impression is conveyed so that the absurd rushing about of General Decuir, in a 30 horse-power car, in search of his cavalry brigade becomes to you a more real experience than any day-andnight run you may ever have taken yourself. Suffice it to say that M. Anatole France had thought the thing worth doing and that it becomes in virtue of his art a distinct achievement. And there are other sketches in the book more or less slight but all worthy of regard-the childhood's recollections of Professor Bergeret and his sister Zoé; the dialogue of two upright judges and the conversation of The Speaker.

their horses; the dream of M. Jean Marteau, aimless, extravagant, apocalyptic, and of all the dreams one ever dreamt the most essentially dreamlike. The vision of M. Anatole France, the Prince of Prose, ranges over all the extent of his realm, indulgent and penetrating, disillusioned and curious, finding treasures of truth and beauty concealed from less gifted magicians. Contemplating the exactness of his images and the justice of his judgment, the freedom of his fancy and the fidelity of his purpose, one becomes aware of the futility of literary watchwords and the vanity of all the schools of fiction. Not that M. Anatole France is a wild and untrammelled genius. He is not that. Issued legitimately from the past, he is mindful of his high descent. He has a critical temperament joined to creative power. He surveys his vast domains in a spirit of princely moderation that knows nothing of excesses but much of restraint.

Joseph Conrad.

Houghton, Mifflin & Co. have planned a new series of works on "The Types of English Literature," under the general editorship of Prof. W. A. Neil

son.

Each volume, instead of dealing with a period or an author, will treat of the origin and development of a single literary genre. The following have already been arranged for: "The Ballad," by Prof. F. B. Gummere; "The Novel," by Dr. Bliss Perry; "The Lyric," by Prof. F. E. Schelling; "Tragedy," by Prof. C. H. Thorndike; "The Pastoral," by Prof. J. B. Fletcher; "The Essay," by Dr. Ferris Greenslet; "Character Writing," by Mr. C. N. Greenough; "Saints' Legends," by Dr. G. H. Gerould; and "Allegory," by the general editor.

Herbert Spencer's trustees have already made good progress in arranging for the continuation of the "Descriptive Sociology," for which Mr. Spencer fully provided in his will. Prof. Mahaffy and Prof. W. A. Goligher, of Trinity College, Dublin, have undertaken to prepare volumes on the Hellenic and Hellenistic Greeks; Prof. A. Wiedemann, of Bonn, the wellknown Egyptologist, will deal with the 'ancient Egyptians; and the trustees hope to be able to begin in the autumn the printing of a Chinese volume, on which Mr. E. T. C. Werner, of H.M.'s Consular service in China, has been occupied for many years. Mr. H. R. Tedder, secretary and librarian of the Athenæum Club, is the editor of the series.

As already announced, Harper & Bros. expect to publish this autumn five volumes in the important historical work "The American Nation" which Professor Albert Bushnell Hart of Harvard is editing for them. These volumes include "The European Background of American History," by E. P. Cheyney, A.M., Professor of European

History, University of Pennsylvania; "American Conditions of American History," by Livingston Farrand, A.M., Adj. Professor of Anthropology, Columbia University; "Spain in America," by E. G. Bourne, Ph.D., Professor of History, Yale University; "English in America," by President Lyon G. Tyler, President of William and Mary College, Virginia; "Colonial SelfGovernment," by Charles M. Andrews, A.M., Ph.D. Professor of History, Bryn Mawr College.

Among the English autumn announcements are many theological works, among the most important of which will be four posthumous volumes by Dean Bradley, Canon Ainger, Dr. Westcott, and Professor Moberly. Dr. Bradley's book will consist of "Innocents" Day Addresses," selected from the special services for children which he held in Westminster Abbey, and collected as a memorial to their author. It will be published by Mr. Murray, who is also issuing Dr. Moberly's volume "Problems and Principles, being Papers on Subjects Theological and Ecclesiastical." Canon Ainger's volume, entitled "Sermons Preached at the Temple Church and Elsewhere," and Bishop Westcott's, which will consist of "Peterborough Sermons," will both be published by Messrs. Macmillan, who also have in preparation two volumes of sermons by Dr. Ryle, Bishop of Winchester-"On the Church of England" and "On Holy Scripture and Criticism"-a new collection of sermons by Bishop Phillips Brooks, entitled, "Seeking Life, and Other Addresses"; "Christian Character, being Some Lectures on the Elements of Christian Ethics," by the Rev. J. R. Illingworth; and a new edition of the Greek text of the "Apocalypse of St. John," edited, with introduction, notes, and indices, by Professor Swete.

VOLUME XXIV.

Many a time as I have sat in my library, facing the thirty-six volumes in which Cardinal Newman collected such of his writings as he specially wished preserved, I have asked myself what will be his place eventually as a thinker and a teacher. Two books1 recently published may perhaps help towards an answer. One is from the pen of Lady Blennerhassett, unquestionably the most considerable exponent just now of the culture of Catholic Germany. The other we owe to Dr. William Barry, a master in theology and in philosophy, in history and in romantic fiction, who, as unquestionably, is the foremost representative of Catholic intellect in this country. I shall proceed to give a brief account of each.

Lady Blennerhassett's work, as its title-page states, is "a contribution to the history of the religious development of the present day." It is, she tells us in its introductory pages, a study of Newman designed to present the outlines of his life and teaching to

1" John Henry Kardinal Newman, ein Beitrag zur religiosen Entwicklungsgeschichte der Gegenwart," von Charlotte Lady Blenner

German readers. She does not write merely for Catholics. She remarks, quite truly, that unswerving as was Newman's allegiance to the Church in which he found the true home of his religious convictions, his sympathies were not confined to that fold; and notes how, after outliving the inevitable reaction of feeling against him, following upon his submission to Rome, he had the consolation of finding his way back to souls dear to him (den Weg zu den ihm theueren Seelen zurück zu finden) and how he gradually won the affection and reverence of his countrymen at large. It is to German readers in general that she wishes to make Newman better known: and I cannot doubt that her work, skilfully planned and admirably executed, will be received with the appreciative favor always shown in her own country to this accomplished writer.

It would be beside my present purpose, and would take me far beyond my present limits, to give a detailed ac