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the celebrated old castle of the Karamanly Bashaws, whose legends of blood and intrigue have been so vividly and terrifically transcribed in Tully's Tripoline Letters. On entering this place I was astonished at its ruinous and repulsive appearance. Nothing could better resemble a prison, and yet a prison in the most dilapidated condition. Walking through the dark, winding, damp, mildewy passages, shedding down upon us a pestiferous, dungeon influence, Colonel Warrington suddenly stopped, as if to breathe and repel the deadly miasma; and turning to me said, "Well, Richardson, what do you think of this ?-capital place this for young ladies to dance in, so light and airy. Many a poor wretch has entered here with promises of fortune and royal favour, and has met his doom at the hands of the assassin! In my long course of service, how many Käeds and Sheikhs I have known who have come in here and have never gone out! I am a great reader of Shakspeare. It's the next book after the Bible. But a thousand Shakspeares, with all their tragic genius, would never describe the passions which have worked, and the horrors which have been perpetrated in this place." The colonel's tragic harangue was not without its effect in these dungeon passages, and the old gentleman seemed to enjoy the shiver which he saw involuntarily agitated me. Indeed the darksome, noisome atmosphere, without this tragic appeal, could not fail to make itself felt, as Egyptian darkness was felt, after leaving the fiery heat and bright, dazzling sun-light without. Winding about, from one ruinous room to another, and ascending various flights of tumble-down steps and stairs, we got up at length to the eastern end, where there are two or three new apartments, constructed in the modern style. In one of them, not unlike a city merchant's receiving parlour, we found the Pasha and his court. We were immediately introduced; and, somewhat to my surprise, I found his Highness an extremely plain, unmilitary-looking Turkish gentleman, of about fifty years of age, and dressed without the least pretensions of any kind. How unlike the ancient gemmed and jewelled Bashaws! flaming in "Barbaric pearl and gold!" The present Ottoman costume is most simple. His Highness had only the Nisham, or Turkish decoration of brilliants, upon his breast to distinguish him from his own domestics, coffee-bearers, or others. As soon as he saw us he hurriedly came up to us and seized hold of our hands and shook them cordially. The troops were, at the moment, being reviewed, and we had a good sight of them from our elevated position. They were manoeuvring on the sea-beach, between the city and the Masheeah. 'Tell the Bashaw,' cried the Colonel to Casolaina; 'I never saw such splendid manoeuvring in all the course of my life. They do His Highness and Ahmed Bashaw, the Commander-in-Chief, infinite credit.' This compliment was interpreted and graciously received, though its value was, no doubt, properly appreciated by the politic Turk. The Colonel continued :-' Tell the Bashaw that, as long as the Sultan has such troops as these he will be invincible.' This was answered by, Enshallah, enshallah (if God pleases, if God pleases).' The Colonel still laid it on Casolaina, tell the Bashaw, I myself should not like to

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command even English troops against these fine fellows.' To which the Bashaw and his court replied, Ajeele (Wonderful)!' Ahmed Bashaw, the Commander-in-Chief, a most ferocious-looking Turk, seized hold of my shoulders and pushed me to the window to admire his brilliant men. I could just see that their manoeuvrings were in the style of the awkward squad;' but their arms and white pantaloons dazzled beautifully in the sun upon the margin of the deep blue sea.

"After we had satisfied our curiosity or admiration in looking at the troops, the windows were shut down, and all sat down to business. His Highness began by asking my name, when I came, and what I was going to be about? The Consul replied to these first and usual questions of Turkish functionaries, and more particularly explained my projected visit to Ghadames. The Pasha immediately consented, as a matter of course, with Turkish politeness; but, before the interview was concluded, various objections were started and insisted upon, showing the not suddenly excited jealousy of these functionaries, who, previous to my interview, knew all about my anti-slavery and literary projects. His Highness observed:-'The heat is killing now, the distance is great, the road is infested with robbers; I shall have to send an escort of five hundred troops with your friend (addressing the Consul); not long ago two hundred banditti attacked a caravan. All Tunisian Arabs are robbers; the Bey of that country cannot maintain order in his country besides, an Arab will kill ten men to get one pair of pistols ; but I'll make further enquiries.' . . We were served with pipes, coffee, and sherbet. I pretended to sip the pipe two or three times, as a matter of politeness, for though I have been in Barbary some time I have not adopted the dirty vice."-Vol. i. pp. 18–21.

We greatly honour Mr. Richardson for this last trait, which cleanlily contrasts with the conduct of the authoress of "Eastern Life, Past and Present." Miss Martineau tells us that we cannot conceive what a comfort the chibouque was to her on her travels; we own that she is right; we cannot conceive it.

Amongst the many interesting accounts of the life, feelings, and opinions of the children of the Desert; one of the most interesting is their universal belief in the future coming of Antichrist, whom they denominate "The DAJAL;" succeeded by the triumph of our Lord. We insert one account written for the author by an inhabitant of the holy city of Ghadames :—

"The Dajal (J), whose name is the Messiah, and who is the son of Said, and who is a monstrous fellow, with one eye, shall come upon the earth, or rather go abroad upon the earth, and all the Jews shall flock around him, and enrol themselves under his standard for he is their expected Messiah; and then, armed with their prowess and gold, he shall slay all Christians and Mohammedans, and reign upon the earth, after their destruction, forty years. His time outrun, there shall then appear Jesus the Son of Mary (the Messiah of the New Testament) in the clouds, who shall descend upon the earth with flaming

vengeance and destroy the Dajal. This done, then shall come the end of the world."-Vol. i. p. 180.

Mr. Richardson suggests that the national tribe of the Tuaricks, the oldest race of North Africa, equally distinct from the Negro and the Arab, would be much gratified were the Bible translated into their language, and printed in their character. He more than once presses this point, and we think that he does so with

reason.

XI.-1. Annals of the Artists of Spain. By WILLIAM STIRLING, M.A. In 3 vols. London: Ollivier.

2. Sacred and Legendary Art. By MRS. JAMESON. In 2 vols. London: Longmans.

THE appearance of these elaborate works almost simultaneously is an event in the history of Art in England; evidencing as it does, the general desire which is felt for a more ample critical apparatus than we have hitherto possessed. Each of these works would amply deserve a more extended notice of its contents than we can possibly supply at present, in consequence of the pressure of matter. Mr. Stirling's work comprises a history of Painting in Spain from the first origin of the Art to the present day. It enumerates all the works of the Spanish painters which are now extant, and supplies materials for judgment on their merits, which either to the Artist, the Collector, or the Traveller, will be invaluable. The sister Arts of Sculpture and Architecture are also incidentally illustrated, and the work is furnished with extensive Indices, and adorned by some very excellent engravings of the principal Spanish painters, and of a few of their most striking works. Even the general reader will find in Mr. Stirling's pages much to interest and gratify him, from the biographical character of the work, and the numerous anecdotes which it contains.

Mrs. Jameson's book, which is also richly and abundantly illustrated with wood-cuts and engravings, will be found eminently useful as a book of reference to travellers, and also to those who are engaged in the study of paintings. It brings together all the Legends of the Saints which are ordinarily to be found represented in Sculpture and Painting, with a view to the explanation of the subjects which continually meet the eye in all old works of Art. It will be found useful in directing modern Artists to the appropriate symbols and representations of sacred and legendary subjects.

We regard these two works as indispensable to every one who is engaged in the study of the Fine Arts.

XII.-Prayers for a Christian Household, chiefly taken from the Scriptures, from the ancient Liturgies, and the Book of Common Prayer. By the Rev. T. BoWDLER. London: Pickering. THE character of the respected author of this volume is a sufficient security for the excellence of its contents. They are Liturgical in form, and though perhaps too long in some instances for use in ordinary families, they can be easily brought within a moderate conipass. We have been very much gratified and edified by all that we have read of these prayers.

XIII.-Tracts for the Christian Seasons. Oxford and London: Parker.

It is obviously a most difficult task to write a good Tract adapted for the poor; for we rarely, indeed, meet with any that are adapted to be of use to them. The tracts before us are simple and forcible, and perhaps they approach nearer to what Tracts ought to be, than almost any we have seen; and yet, we feel assured that, notwithstanding all the pains which have been taken, in many parts of the country the language would in parts be above the comprehension of the people. The tracts however are excellent, and we cordially wish them an extensive circulation.

XIV.-Prayers for the Use of all Persons who come to the Baths of Bath for Cure. By THOMAS KEN, D.D., Lord Bishop of Bath and Wells. With a Life of the Author. London: Masters.

THIS little publication, independently of the devotions which it comprises, and which have a local value and importance, is enriched with a most interesting and beautifully written life of the venerable author. The many admirers of Bishop Ken will receive this memoir with gratitude.

xv.-Hymns for Schools, selected by the Rev. R. HARVEY, M.A., Rector of St. Mary's, Hornsey. New Edition. London: Groombridge.

A VERY pleasing and well chosen collection of 170 Hymns for Schools, at a moderate price. There is considerable variety in this little work.

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XVI. A Plan of Church Extension and Reform, submitted to the Right Hon. Lord John Russell by a Deputation, in March, 1848. With Remarks by J. C. COLQUHON, Esq.

Seeleys.

London:

THE period of the season at which we have received this important pamphlet on the subject of Church extension, which embodies a plan, prepared in the early part of this year, by a committee of influential noblemen and gentlemen in London, must plead our apology for noticing so briefly a publication, which amply merits a careful and extended survey. We shall probably have an opportunity hereafter for reverting to this subject. In the mean time, we recommend the pamphlet to the particular notice of all who are interested in promoting the efficiency and the extension of the Church, including an augmentation of the Episcopate. It is becoming evident now, that funds may be found for these objects, and that the only real difficulty is, the reluctance of men to move in the matter; or, rather, the mas of secular business which prevents the affairs of the Church from gaining any attention from persons in high stations.

XVII-A Letter to Joshua Watson, D.C.L., &c. By EDWARD Churton, M.A., Archdeacon of Cleveland. London: Rivingtons.

WE could scarcely have imagined that the fraud which was so frequently practised in the middle ages, in ascribing to authors works which they never wrote, could have been so recently and so successfully practised as in the case before us, in which Archdeacon Churton has shown, with great acuteness and learning, that a treatise, bearing the title of "Contemplations on the State of Man," and published under the name of Jeremy Taylor, some years after his death, was in reality a compilation from a work written by a Spanish Jesuit, named Nieremberg.

XVIII.-National Warnings on National Education. A Sermon. By CHR. WORDSWORTH, D.D., Canon of Westminster, London: Rivingtons.

THIS sermon is of a very different character from the common run of charity sermons: it is of general interest and importance, as bearing on the subject of Christian education. Dr. Wordsworth points out, by reference to the recent events in France, the evil and danger of an unchristian education-an education not based on the Word of God. Nothing can exceed the force of his argu

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