like to be quacked, and in a sense deserve to be humbugged, and although there would be a source of satisfaction in seeing all the D. F.'s go to the D-1, yet the interests of both the profession and the general public demand an advance in the regulation of medical practice which shall place this state somewhat on a par with nearly all the other states and territories.

Diabetes Insipidus.—According to Futcher (Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports), only four cases of this diseases have occurred among a total of 356,637 cases treated at the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Dispensary. These cases have shown marked cerebral disturbances, in one case certainly syphilitic, and in two others probably syphilitic in origin. The longest duration was ten years.

The Title, "Doctor."-We learn from the Virginia Medical Semi-Monthly, that this title was first conferred upon Inerius, of the University of Bologna, in the twelfth century. The first "doctor of medicine" was Gulielmo Gordenio, who received the honor from the College of Aosti, in Italy, in 1220.

The Prominent Eye.-Haig has a characteristic contribution in the Medical Record of October II on the meaning and clinical associations of the eyes. He attributes such undue projection of the eyeballs to high blood pressure due to capillary collemia from excess of uric acid, and notes the constant association of migraine with this sign. A simple method of testing the relation of the eyeball to its socket is to hold a card vertically over the center of the orbit. In a normal eye the edge of the card will rest firmly over the supraorbital ridge above and the malar and superior maxillary bones below, and will touch the eyeball so slightly as to cause no discomfort, but when the eye is too prominent the card rests on the front of the ball, rocking up and down over it, and makes a pale mark on the eyelid.

Trichesthesia.-This is the term applied by N. Vaschide and P. Roussean (American Medicine), to a peculiar form of tactile sensibility confined to the regions possessing hair. It is affected by the mental state of the individual and notably by the hygrometric condition of the atmosphere.

Strychnine in Snake Bite.-Mueller, of Australia, (quoted in Medical Record) says: "While snake poison turns off the motor batteries, and reduces the volume and force of motor nerve currents, strychnine, when following it as an antidote, turns them on again, acting with the unerring certainty of a chemical test,

if administered in sufficient quantities. Purely physiological in its action, it neutralizes the effects of the snake poison, and announces by unmistakable symptoms when it has accomplished its task, and would, if continued, become a poison itself. Previous to this announcement, its poisonous action is completely neutralized by the snake poison, and the latter would, therefore, be equally as efficacious in strychnine poison as strychnine is in that of the snake."

Test for Blood in Vomit.-Weber's test is thus described by W. Janowski (quoted in Medical Record): Shake the suspected material in a test tube with one-third its volume of acetic acid and the same amount of ether. The latter is allowed to rise to the surface, and a couple of cubic centimeters decanted. To this add five or ten drops of tincture of guaiac and fifteen to twenty drops of old turpentine. The presence of blood is shown by a bluishviolet coloration, which may be made more evident by the addition of a few drops of chloroform.

Treatment of Snake Poisoning.—Dr. H. W. Crouse (Texas Medical News), concludes an interesting paper on venomous snakes and spiders with the following summary of cardinal points in treatment. Local ligature above and below the wound, loosened at times to prevent strangulation; injections of local coagulating agents, such as a one per cent. solution of potassium permanganate or chromic oxide; scarification followed by cupping or sucking; massaging the swollen area; strychnine frequently repeated, to physiologic effects; atropine as a respiratory stimulant; pilocarpine hypodermically, until profuse sweating results; alcohol in small doses; ammonia rarely, early and in small qua:1tities; fluid extract of cedron seed in the dose of five to ten minims; stomach lavage; potassium bromide, calomel; diuretics, diaphoretics, purgatives; artificial respiration for hours. He advises not to allow the patient to sleep long at a time during the first twenty-four hours, and to offset the deep mental prostration by encouraging suggestion.

Origin of Ozena.-Some work done at the Pasteur Institute at Paris during the past year, and discussed by Riesman and Kelly in American Medicine, seems to show that the dog plays a prominent role as a distributor of disease among children. In a series of examinations of nasal discharges from patients suffering with ozena, a bacillus of a specific type was constantly found

to be present, and this same bacillus was found to occur very commonly in the nasal discharges of dogs. A study of the habits of these patients showed that in their early years, at which period ozena is ordinarily contracted, they had almost without exception been overfamiliar with dogs. The natural conclusion is that association with canine pets is responsible for the disease, and that the bacillus which causes scarcely more than a simple catarrhal secretion in the dog is, when transferred to the more delicate human tissues, the cause of a very offensive discharge.

Fruit and Infection.-Attention has been called to the fact (Philadelphia Medical Journal), that the recent increase in typhoid fever in various cities is coincident with the greatest consumption of fruit, and as a corollary the theory is offered that unwashed fruit may be the medium of infection. An epidemic of diarrheal diseases this summer in Havana led to an investigation by the Health authorities of that city, with the result of finding in the washings from vegetables and fruits a very virulent colon bacillus, which was able to kill guinea pigs in 48 hours.

The Bacillus of Summer Diarrhea.-It has been announced by Dr. W. H. Welch, of Johns Hopkins University (Philadelphia Medical Journal), that the bacillus of the summer diarrhea of infants has recently been discovered at the laboratory of the Thomas Wilson Sanatorium for Children, near Baltimore, by Messrs. C. W. Duval and B. H. Bassett, two students who are to become physicians next June. Their investigations were pursued under the auspices of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

English Losses in the Boer War.-The final casualty figures for the Boer war (Philadelphia Medical Journal), from August 1, 1899, to May 31, 1902, show 5,774 killed, 23,029 wounded, and 16,168 deaths from wounds or diseases. In all, 386,081 men were sent from England, while 52,414 were raised in South Africa.

Nature of Acetonuria.-Waldvogel (quoted in Philadelphia Medical Journal), concludes that this affection is not due to inanition, but in general to intoxication with fat destruction. In diabetes it depends on decreased oxidation and deficiency of carbohydrates. Alimentary acetonuria follows digestive disturbances. Acetone is probably elaborated in the glandular tissues, following fat destruction. The latest researches seem to show that it is not a poison.

A Tooth-Ointment.-When the condition of the mouth requires effective antiepsis George F. Eames (Journal of the American Medical Association), recommends the following ointment, to be used between the teeth at night: Vaselin, I dram; white wax, 8 grains; hydronaphthol, 15 grains; oil of cinnamon, 2 drops.

For Teeth Grinding.-One of the most beneficial appliances, says George V. I. Brown (Journal of the American Medical Association), is a hard rubber plate with soft velum rubber border extending over the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. It needs to be worn only at night.

Chronic Gas Poisoning.-That this condition may be readily mistaken for malaria or typhoid fever, is shown by several cases reported by Samuel Lloyd in the New York Medical Journal. There were anemia, headache, coated tongue, anorexia, malaise, enlarged spleen and irregular fever reaching to 104 degrees. Change of abode resulted in speedy recovery.

How to Take Castor Oil.-La Medicine Moderne recommends adding sufficient brown sugar to make a firm bonbon.

How to Sterilize the Hands.-For common obstetric work, says Emory Lanphear in the Surgical Clinic, the hands should be energetically scrubbed for at least five minutes with soap and water (hot if possible) and a stiff brush, then dried, and the nails trimmd down to "the quick," then washed in turpentine for half a minute or more; then scrubbed for another five minutes, with particular attention to the spaces under the end and around the base of the nails; then rinsed freely in alcohol, and finally immersed in 1 to 2000 bi-chloride solution.

For Tinnitus Aurium.-The Laryngoscope recommends applying ethyl chloride to the mastoid, or filling the middle ear with warm albolene and menthol through the Eustachian tube.

For Pruritis Vulvac.-Davenport prescribes a lotion for frequent application of one part carbolic acid, ten parts glycerin and one hundred parts lime water.

A Foot Powder.-The Surgical Clinic mentions the following Salicylic acid, 7 drams; boric acid, 3 ounces; elm bark and orris in fine powder, each one ounce; talcum, 38 ounces.

Hematemesis in Appendicitis.-A case of massive gastric hemorrhage has been reported by Nitzche (quoted in Medical Record), in connection with an acute attack resulting in gangrene

of the appendix, abscess and general peritonitis. At the autopsy numerous miliary necroses of the mucous membrane of the stomach were found, evidently produced largely by the autodigestive action of the gastric juice, and causing sufficient destruction of the capillaries and venules to permit the marked loss of blood mentioned. The author holds that the products of absorption from the purulent and necrotic foci in the abdomen were carried to the stomach, either through the general circulation or else by retrograde transmission through the omental veins. Like most poisons, these septic matters were excreted by the gastric cells, some of which succumbed to the toxicity of the products, with resulting minute necroses, which were attacked by the gastric juice, forming larger ulcerations.

Cancerous Cachexia.-The cachexia of carcinoma is due to three factors, says W. Riechelmann (Medical Record): Reduction in the consumption or assimilation of food; ulceration and sloughing of the tumor; number and location of the metastases.

Dignosis of Hour-Glass Stomach.-The essential symptoms of this rare condition, according to J. Decker (quoted in (New York Medical Journal), are as follows: Gastric lavage is followed by clear water and then suddenly by remnants of food. Water introduced by means of the stomach tube disappears and does not reappear, when the pyloric end is more dilated than the cardiac. Ballooning the stomach gives an irregular outline, which is particularly significant if the cardia dilates first. Electric illumination yields an unevenly illuminated area, with a slight shadow in the region of contraction. When the stomach is ballooned with gas, pressure on one-half of the stomach is accompanied by the phenomenon of air rushing audibly to the other half.

Variable Albuminuria.-M. Daremberg and M. Moriez, (quoted in New York Medical Journal), conclude that all albuminurias which make no great impression on the organism are at their minimum in the morning, while the maximum elimination is between noon and five o'clock. Cases with a morning disappearance of albumin are influenced by alimentation and helped by alkalis. Cases in which the albumin persists in the morning do well with arsenic. In intermittent albuminuria the quantities of uric acid, total acids and albumin are usually proportionalsometimes inversely proportional.