In twenty-one counties there are 70 flouring-mills, having 115 run of stone. In twenty counties there are 251 saw-mills. In the counties of Amador, Trinity, Santa Cruz, Shasta, Sonoma and Mendocino, and Yuba, the saw-mills are estimated to be able to turn out 123,544,000 feet of lumber during the year.

COMMERCIAL VALUE OF THE HAY CROP OF THE UNITED STATES. Among all the statistics with reference to the agricultural products of the United States, which have been given to the public, those setting forth the quantity of grass yearly cut and put into market, have been entirely overlooked. In attending to this omission, Governor Wright, of Indiana, says that our grass crop is not properly appreciated. No crop," he says, " approaches so nearly a spontaneous yield, and none affords so large a profit." The hay crop of the United States in 1850 he estimates at 13,000,000 tons; that for 1855 he estimates at 15,000,000 tons, which is worth $150,000,000; while the whole cotton crop is valued at only $128,000,000. Of this crop more than half is produced by the four States, New York, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. The grass crop, which is used for pasturage, is at least as valuable; so that single herb is worth annually over $300,000,000.

In Pennsylvania the grass crop is set down in the census of 1850 as reaching in quantity 1,842,970 tons, which, at $20 per ton, would amount to $36,859,400. Of this quantity Berks County produced 33,257 tons; Butler, 95,842 tons; Chester, 96,315 tons; Crawford, 70,784 tons; Lancaster, 96,134 tons; Montgomery, 98,701 tons; York, 50,760 tons, and the balance is distributed in unequal quantities among the other counties of the State. Philadelphia County produced 28,288 tons, which is a large yield, considering the area devoted to the raising of this product. But small as this amount may seem to be, its value is not inconsiderable. When computed at $20 per ton, the grass crop of this county in 1850 reached in value $565,760.

Without the figures it would not be supposed that the grass crop in one State is more valuable than that of wheat; yet such is the fact. In 1850 there was produced in all the counties of Pennsylvania 15,367,691 bushels of wheat. At $2 per bushel, which is a liberal allowance, this would amount to $30,735,332, leaving a balance of more than $6,000,000 in favor of the grass crop. This fact is worthy of attention.

PHILADELPHIA CATTLE MARKET.

The following tabular statement presents the number of cattle received in Philadelphia during each of the last eleven years, with the exception of the large number brought in by butchers, of which no account can be obtained :—

AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF SCOTLAND.

The Scottish agricultural statistics for the year 1855, voluntarily rendered and collected, for the second year, by the intelligent and public-spirited farmers of Scotland, show the following ascertained results, as contrasted with the estimates of M'Culloch and other writers :

The potato crop in 1855 yielded 732,141 tons, against 529,915 tons in 1854. If the whole produce of the two last harvests in Scotland be reduced into tons weight, and potatoes be included, the result is found to be that there is very little difference between the two; the year 1854 having yielded 1,532,004 tons of food for man and beast, and the year 1855, 1,592,604 tons.

NEW MEXICAN SUGAR.

It is said that almost all grains and vegetables which grow in the clear dry climate of Mexico are remarkable for their extraordinary sweetness. The common corn-stalk abounds in saccharine matter to such an extent as to furnish the native population with molasses, which, although hardly as good as the inferior molasses of Louisiana, might doubtless be much improved by a more perfect mode of manufacture than that adopted by the Mexican population. The molasses is purchased there by those who do not supply their own wants at a rate of $1 50 per gallon. The beet of New Mexico contains so unusual a quantity of saccharine matter, that the manufacture of beet-sugar is said to offer strong inducements to gentlemen of enterprise and capital to embark in the business. The only sugar which is brought to Santa Fe now, is transported from the Valley of the Mississippi across a desert of nearly 900 miles in extent, and the cost of transportation increases its price about ten cents a pound, so that the most inferior kinds range from nineteen to twenty-five cents in value.

PRODUCTION OF GRAIN IN ILLINOIS IN 1855.

The Chicago Press says:

Upon the subject of the crop of 1855, we are in possession of direct information from some of the most intelligent men of the State, and from nearly every county in it, on which we venture the following estimate :—

the

This estimate we believe to be under rather than over the actual result. If any objection is urged against it, it will doubless be with respect to the corn crop, figures for which are truly startling to those who have not duly considered the subject. An observation extended over a large portion of the State last summer, together with a large mass of information obtained from others, warrants us in saying that the breadth devoted to corn last year was about four times as great as that of all other grains.

STATISTICS OF POPULATION, &c.

POPULATION OF CITIES AND TOWNS IN NEW YORK, 1855.

We are indebted to the Hon. ERASTUS BROOKS, Senator from New York, for an official copy of the preliminary report upon the Census of the State of 1855, which was transmitted to the Legislature, January 3d, 1856. This report shows the total population of each town and ward, with the increase or decrease since the census of 1845, the number of voters, aliens, and persons of color not taxed, with the number upon which the 'representation in the State Legislature is based. From these tables it appears that the present population of the State is 3,470,059, being an increase of 372,665 since the United States census of 1850, and of 865,564 since the State census of 1845. It is distributed among 910 towns and 13 cities, the latter being subdivided into 116 wards.

We have compiled from this report for the Merchants' Magazine the subjoined table, showing the population, &c., of all the incorporated cities and all the towns in the State with a population exceeding 5,000, arranging the cities and towns according to their numerical greatness :—

POPULATION OF THE CITIES IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK,

POPULATION OF TOWNS WITH OVER 5,000 IN THE STATE OF NEW York.

Thus it will be seen that 1,669,564 of the population of the State of New York reside in the cities and towns of above 5,000 inhabitants. There are also in the State forty-two towns with a population ranging from 4,000 to 5,000; one hundred and twenty-six from 3,000 to 4,000; two hundred and forty-six from

2,000 to 3,000; three hundred and forty-five from 1,000 to 2,000; and eightythree towns with less than 1,000 inhabitants.

On each former occasion in which a census has been taken by the State of New York, the names of the heads of families only were given, with columns for entering the number of males and females between certain ages, the number of aliens, colored persons and paupers, and those liable to military duty, the number of voters, of children attending school, &c., in each family; and the inquiries relating to manufactures were limited to some twenty different branches of industry, while all others were left unrepresented. In the present census, the name, age, sex, and birth-place of each person was required, with the professions of those over fifteen years of age, civil condition, color, years resident in present locality, and columns were prepared to designate voters, aliens, owners of land, those over twenty-one unable to read and write, and the deaf and dumb, blind, insane, and idiotic.

The federal census of 1850 cost the State of New York $114,474 95 for the collection of statistics, or three cents seven mills to each person. The expense of the present census is not yet ascertained from all the counties; but so far as obtained, it gives the corresponding expense at about three cents three mills to each person, while the information obtained is more extensive and varied. The office work of the census of 1850 cost over $300,000, or about $45,000 for the proportion of the State of New York.

AMERICAN SEAMEN IN THE UNITED STATES.

The following table shows the number of American seamen registered in the United States from October, 1, 1854, to October 1, 1855, in the Northern and Southern Atlantic States :

We also subjoin the number registered in the United sixteen years--that is, from 1840 to 1855, inclusive :—

9,386 300 9,686

States during the last

By the following table it will be seen that at the beginning of 1855 Baltimore contained 33,188 houses, and at the close of the same year 34,042. Of all those houses, about 2,000 are used for manufacturing purposes, stores, stables, &c., leaving 31,188 houses for resident purposes. By allowing an average of seven