but a sentence in the unpublished lecture on the Humanity of Science, given in Boston in 1836, has exactly the same thought. He alludes to Lamarck as " finding a monad of organic life common to every animal, and becoming a worm, a mastiff, or a man, according to circumstances. He says to the caterpillar, How dost thou, brother? Please God, you shall yet be a philosopher.'

The ancient philosophers, as well as the modern savans, taught Emerson evolution. To the first edition of Nature Mr. Emerson prefixed a motto from Plotinus, and Dr. William T. Harris finds the thought of the later motto in these words from the same source: "We might say that all beings, not only the rational ones but even the irrational ones, the plants and even the soil that bears them, aspire to attain conscious knowledge."

In his journal for 1849 Mr. Emerson quotes this sentence from Stallo: The development of all individual forms will be spiral." General Principles of the Philosophy of Nature; Boston, 1848.

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Page 166, note 2. Mr. Nicholas Longworth, who practised wine-making on a large scale near Cincinnati, was Mr. Emerson's host when he lectured there, and, according to Mr. M. D. Conway, suggested this thought when he showed his wine-cellars to his guest, by telling him of the renewed activity of fermentation in the Spring.

Page 167, note 1. Journal, 1856. April 5, Walden fired a cannonade yesterday of a hundred guns, but not in honor of the birth of Napoleon."

In Concord, by village comity, the two field-pieces of the Concord Artillery Company were too often lent to political enthusiasts to celebrate the election of their pro-slavery candidate, and the editor thinks that he remembers their firing, on the news of the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Bill.

Page 169, note 1. It is interesting to see how the associa

tion of blessed warmth and life with his favorite South-wind led the author to forget that the southing of the sun meant the coming of winter. Yet the northing of the sun would have a comfortless sound.

Page 169, note 2. In his college days the boy must often have gone to the beautiful wooded hills of Mount Auburn, not then a cemetery, above the broad marshes of the Charles River. Journal, 1861. "Ah, the powers of the Spring, and ah, the voice of the bluebird and the witchcraft of the Mount Auburn dell in those days!"

Page 170, note 1. Journal, 10 June, 1838. "Noon. Mercury, 90° in the shade. River of heat, yea, a circumambient sea. Welcome as truly as finer and coarser influences to this mystic solitary purple island' that I am! I celebrate the holy hour at church amid these fine Creative deluges of light and heat which evoke so many gentle traits, gentle and bold in man and woman. Man in Summer is Man intensated." Page 170, note 2. These lines of the original were omitted: Boils the world in tepid lakes,

Burns the world, yet burnt remakes;

Enveloping heat, enchanted robe,

Wraps the daisy and the globe.,

Page 171, note 1. In one of the verse-books I find the original rhapsody of this part of the poem, which runs thus: The Spring comes up from the South

And Earth and air are overflowed,

Earth with the melted ice,

And air with love infusion.

There is no house or hall

Can hold her festival.

We will go to her haughty woods
Fronting the liberated floods;

We will go to the relenting mountains,
And listen to the uproar of joy,

And see the sparkle of the delivered rivers,
And mark the rivers of sap

Mounting in the pipes of the trees,

And see the colors of love in birds,

And in frogs and lizards,

And in human cheeks,

In the song of birds

And songs of men.

Page 172, note 1. Here are some notes on Nature's spices, from a verse-book:

Spices in the plants that run

To bring their first fruits to the sun,

Earliest heats that follow frore,

Nerved leaf of hellebore,

Scarlet maple-keys that burn

Above the sassafras and fern,

Frost survivors, berries red,

Checkerberry, children's bread, —

Silver birch and black

With the selfsame spice to find
In polygala's root and rind;
Mouse-ear, cowslip, wintergreen,
Which by their beauty may repel

The frost from harming what is well.

Page 175, note 1. The divine days in lowly disguise often appear in Mr. Emerson's writings in prose and verse: at best here and in the poem Days," but also in "Works and Days" (Society and Solitude, p. 168) and in the first para

66

graph of the "Lecture on the Times," in Nature, Addresses and Lectures.

Page 177, note 1. This affectionate address to the birds may be found in another version among the " Fragments on Nature," in the Appendix to the Poems.

Page 179, note 1. Mr. Emerson was told in 1874, by his brother-in-law, Dr. Charles T. Jackson, that while mak-· ing a geological survey near Pulpit Rock, on Lake Superior, he heard music like rhythmical organ or vocal chantings, and believed it to come from some singers. He went on a little farther and the music ceased; in another direction, and he heard it again; and by and by perceived that it was the sound of the beating waves on the shore, deprived of its harshness by the atmosphere. This phenomenon, which he called Analyzed Sound, he had never seen treated scientifically, except in a paper by Dr. Wollaston.

into

I myself, while going across the Plains in an emigrants' caravan in July, 1862, when in the neighborhood of Fort Laramie, strayed alone three or four hundred yards from our camp a grove of large cottonwoods on the shore of the North Platte River. Suddenly I heard wonderful music not far away, which I could not account for. It seemed loud but rather sad, perhaps suggesting cathedral music, yet was indistinct and seemed unnatural. It was wholly unlike the tom-tom and hideous chanting of the Sioux, and no white settlement or gathering was near except our camp. On my return thither I asked about the music. No one had heard it. The day was cold and cloudy, after great heat, — a brisk norther blowing. We were close by the broad, rushing Platte leaping in short waves in the wind. Only some time after my return did I hear from my uncle of his similar experience.

In "May-Day," as first published, here followed the pass

age on the Æolian Harp which, in the Selected Poems, Mr. Emerson preferred to print as a separate poem. It appears as

such in this volume.

Page 180, note 1. From this place was omitted the line,

Nor noon nor eve this music fails.

THE ADIRONDACS. Page 182. In August, 1858, Mr. William J. Stillman, an artist by profession, but a man almost of the versatility in accomplishment of The Admirable Crichton, as painter, writer, critic, foreign consul (in which service he showed himself a chivalrous Philhellene), and last, not least, an accomplished woodsman and hunter, led a party of his friends into the then primæval forest of the Adirondac Mountains. The party were, Stillman, Agassiz, Lowell, Judge Hoar, Dr. Jeffries Wyman, the comparative anatomist; Samuel G. Ward, a near friend of Mr. Emerson's; Dr. Estes Howe, John Holmes (brother of Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes), Horatio Woodman, Dr. Amos Binney, and Emerson. Mr. Stillman in his autobiography 1 gives a very interesting account of this company, the region, and their adventures. The following notes of the trip I find in Mr. Emerson's journals. All readers of Lowell will feel pleasure in reading the unexpected postscript to the osprey-nest story.

I

"Adirondac, August 7th, 1858. Follansbee's Pond. It should be called Stillman's henceforward, from the good camp which this gallant artist has built, and the good party he has led and planted here for the present at the bottom of the little bay which lies near the head of the lake.

"The lake is two miles long, I to 1⁄2 mile wide, and sur

The Autobiography of a Journalist. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 1901.