Modern Industrialism: An Outline of the Industrial Organization as Seen in the History, Industry, and Problems of England, the United States, and GermanyD. Appleton, 1904 - 300 pages |
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action advantage agriculture America banks canals capital capitalists carried cars century coal combination commercial common law competition corporation cost courts courts of equity created demand difficulties duction economic employer employment England established exchange existence extended facilities factory system forces freedom of contract freight German Empire Germany groups growth increased individual individualist indus industrial organization interests interference inventions iron labor laissez faire land legislation limited locomotives machine machinery manufacturing means ment methods monopoly movement natural nevertheless operation organiza overcapitalization ownership pig iron political population possible present principle problem production profits Prussia purchase railroad railway rates raw material regulation restraint of trade restrictions result roads scientific socialist secure shipper social society steel tion to-day tons trade trade-union transportation union United States Industrial vessels viduals wages wealth workers
Popular passages
Page 134 - MANUFACTURE is a word, which, in the vicissitude of language, has come to signify the reverse of its intrinsic meaning, for it now denotes every extensive product of art, which is made by machinery, with little or no aid of the human hand ; so that the most perfect manufacture is that which dispenses entirely with manual labour.
Page 135 - A factory is an establishment where several workmen are collected for the purpose of obtaining greater and cheaper conveniences for labor than they could procure individually at their homes; for producing results by their combined efforts which they could not accomplish separately: and for preventing the loss occasioned by carrying articles from place to place during the several processes necessary to complete their manufacture.
Page 225 - The individuals are few who hold in possession such enormous wealth, and fewer still who peril it all in a manufacturing enterprise ; but if corporations can combine, and mass their forces in a solid trust or partnership, with little added risk to the capital already embarked, without limit to the magnitude of the aggregation, a tempting and easy road is...
Page 45 - Though I would not force the introduction of manufactures, by extravagant encouragements, and to the prejudice of agriculture, yet I conceive much might be done in that way by women, children, and others, without taking one really necessary hand from tilling the earth.
Page 222 - What, then, are the limitations which the law imposes on a trader in the conduct of his business as between himself and other traders? There seems to be no burdens or restrictions in law upon a trader which arise merely from the fact that he is a trader, and which are not equally laid on all other subjects of the Crown. His right to trade freely is a right which the law...
Page 201 - The modern industrial system is a great social co-operation. It is automatic and instinctive in its operation. The adjustments of the organs take place naturally. The parties are held together by impersonal force — supply and demand. They may never see each other; they may be separated by half the circumference of the globe. Their co-operation in the social effort is combined and distributed again by financial machinery, and the rights and interests are measured and satisfied without any special...
Page 223 - No man, whether trader or not, can, however, justify damaging another in his commercial business by fraud or misrepresentation. Intimidation, obstruction, and molestation are forbidden ; so is the intentional procurement of a violation of individual rights, contractual or other, assuming always that there is no just cause for it.
Page 223 - The substance of my view is this, that competition, however severe and egotistical, if unattended by circumstances of dishonesty, intimidation, molestation, or such illegalities as I have above referred to, gives rise to no cause of action at common law. I myself should deem it to be a misfortune if we were to attempt to prescribe to the business world how honest and peaceable trade was to be carried on in a case where no such illegal elements as I have mentioned exist, or were to adopt some standard...
Page 140 - ... handicraft into its various detail operations, isolating, and making these operations independent of one another up to the point where each becomes the exclusive function of a particular labourer. On the one hand, therefore, manufacture either introduces division of labour into a process of production, or further develops that division; on the other hand, it unites together handicrafts that were formerly separate.
Page 140 - On the one hand, it arises from the union of various independent handicrafts, which become stripped of their independence and specialised to such an extent as to be reduced to mere supplementary partial processes in the production of one particular commodity. On the other hand, it arises from the cooperation of artificers of one handicraft; it splits up that particular handicraft into its various detail operations, isolating, and making these operations independent of one another up to the point...