said for or against the decoctions made from the roasted cereals, but very little could be claimed for benefits to be derived from ground cocoa hulls.

A large number of other adulterants are usually found mentioned in books describing coffee adulterations, among which may be mentioned the mangel-wurzel, roasted acorns, sawdust, figs, oak bark, and baked liver. Blyth mentions in addition ground date stones, vegetable ivory, cassia occidentalis in Mogdad coffee, etc., etc. In a late number of a trade paper, celery and celery trimmings that have been dried, roasted, and ground are said to be used for coffee substitute. None of these adulterants have been detected in the samples examined for this report.

In the report of the Inland Revenue Department of Canada, on the examination of coffee during the years 1891 and 1892, the main adulterants detected were chicory, peas, "roasted cereals," "roasted grain," in some cases corn, maize, or wheat.

The Zeitschrift Fur Angewandte Chemie for September 15, 1891, contains a report by Heinrich Trillich, on a large number of proprietary, cereal, and imitation coffees that were found on sale in Germany. He notices that also in Germany the sale of roasted cereals in coffee mixtures has increased immensely in the last few years. Chicory has been the most used adulterant, and a large amount of "Feigenkakee" (fig coffee) had been used, especially in southern Germany and Austria, but these are giving place to roasted cereals.

It has been shown that nearly all the substances used as coffee substitutes either are entirely devoid of coffee or else contain but a very small percentage of it, but that all are manufactured with special care that the decoction made from them may have the brown color of coffee and a bitter taste, which people buying will suppose is coffee taste.

Some substitutes, especially the cereals, are nutritious, but the law should not allow their sale as coffee nor in

coffee, except in properly labelled packages. The package should be labelled in such a manner as not to deceive the purchaser. If it consists entirely of cereals or chicory, it should not be labelled "Coffee," nor even "Cereal Coffee." Deception is practiced by printing the word coffee large and prominently and making the descriptive words inconspicThe term coffee should be restricted to coffee alone. In compounds the label should declare all the substances that have been used in the composition, and the exact amounts of each.

uous.

The results of this examination have shown that but very few samples of ground coffee on sale in this state are adulterated. Many contain scarcely any coffee. In nearly every case the prices charged were as high as those for lower grades of pure coffee.

In the sale, both of ground and unground coffee, an evident attempt is being made to deceive purchasers, as a number of the printed advertisements and certificates reproduced in this report prove.

PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.

In the reports of this board for the years 1890 and 1892, we gave considerable space to the subject of tuberculosis, but since this disease destroys more lives each year than any other malady that affects mankind, and is also a preventable disease, we feel that the subject should be kept constantly before the people. It is known in every community in this state, and spares neither the young nor the old; its victims are in all classes and ages. The disease is no longer mysterious or inexplicable: its nature is completely understood. It is a communicable germ disease. This fact, now demonstrated beyond a doubt, places it forever in the list of preventable diseases. So conclusively has this been proved within a very recent period, that a radically different view of the disease is presented than formerly, and energetic efforts are being made in many states to restrict its spread by instructing the people in the means and measures necessary to control it. When the public shall have become better informed upon these points, it is not improbable that the health authorities will require every case of pulmonary consumption to be reported, and certain definite measures carried out for the protection of the family and the public.

In Pennsylvania a society for the prevention of tuberculosis has been formed, the efforts of which are confined to diffusing knowledge concerning the disease. The following circulars have been widely distributed among the people of that state:

HOW TO AVOID CONTRACTING TUBERCULOSIS

(CONSUMPTION).

[Published for Gratuitous Distribution by the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis.]

TRACT No. 1.

Tuberculosis, popularly known under the names of consumption, decline, scrofula, marasmus, wasting disease, inanition, lupus, and white swelling, is a contagious disease, which means that every new case is produced by exposure to some other case. The knowledge of this fact gives the key-note to personal avoidance of the disease. Fortunately science has demonstrated how a person suffering from tuberculosis can give it to another, and hence we know just what to do to avoid getting it. This knowledge moreover brings us great consolation, for it takes away all cause for fear and for oppressing the unfortunate victims of the disease. To avoid consumption ourselves we do not have to be unkind to our dear ones who have it, nor to deprive them of the society of their relatives, or in fact of any of the comforts of this life. The contagium of tuberculosis lies entirely and alone in pus (matter) given off either in the form of spit in consumption, of matter in abscesses and in lupus, or of discharges from the bowels in marasmus and in tuberculosis of the bowels. In short, pus (matter) given off from a tubercular sore, wherever it may be, is the means of giving the disease to somebody else.

This tubercular pus can find its way into a healthy person principally in three ways: First, through the stomach; second, through the lungs, or third, through an open wound. First, through the stomach-when people eat imperfectly cooked tuberculosis meat, drink milk from badly diseased tubercular cows, eat food out of the same dishes or with the same eating utensils as consumptives, eat food with unwashed hands after having been in contact with tubercular patients, eat food that has been handled by persons suffering from tuberculosis, put coins, articles of toilet, or other small objects that have been handled by persons suffering from tuberculosis into the mouth, use musical instruments or implements which, when in use, are placed to the lips or in the