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harmonies of the universe grow out of a regular and uniform order). II. Attractions are proportioned to destinies (i. e. all beings are led and kept in their true sphere, not by a principle of external force, but of internal attraction). III. Analogy is universal. He urged that association of capital, science, and labor would prepare the way for true society; that the living in communities of some eighteen hundred persons each would be economical, secure just and appropriate division of labor, and by variety and sociability rob labor of its irksomeness, and that all the gifts of the members would be used for the common profit and pleasure. Fourier never himself succeeded in carrying out his ideas, but they had much influence in France, England, and America for a time. Mr. Emerson wrote in the Dial for July, 1842, "Fourierism and the Socialists," and published the advocacy of these ideas by Albert Brisbane, criticising them good-naturedly himself. Miss Elizabeth P. Peabody wrote the article Fourierism" in the April number, 1844.

Page 387, note 1. This theme is enlarged on in the essay "Aristocracy," originally called "Natural Aristocracy,” Lectures and Biographical Sketches.

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Page 389, note 1. One of the young men valued by Mr. Emerson, and moved by his teachings, Charles Russell Lowell, in his valedictory oration at Cambridge on the "Reverence due from Old Men to Young," said: "Therefore the old cannot teach us of the present what should be, for that we know as well as they or better: they should not teach us what can be, for the world always advances by impossibilities achieved." His work in his few years in civil life was remarkable. During the Civil War, as captain in the United States Cavalry, colonel of the Second Massachusetts Cavalry, and finally as commander of the Reserve Brigade of

Cavalry, he showed again and again a power of doing the apparently impossible. He had a share in turning the flood of disaster at Cedar Creek, and died in the moment of victory.

Page 389, note 2.

Tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento,
(Hae tibi erunt artes) pacisque imponere morem,
Parcere subjectis et debellare superbos.

Virgil, Eneid, VI.

Page 391, note I. At the dark and seemingly hopeless period of the agitation against slavery, it seemed to many abolitionists that, if they failed to do away with it, or check its advance, it might become the duty of the Northern States to repudiate their share in the national crime by secession.

Page 392, note I. This lecture was delivered during the period of suffering in England, increased next year by the famine, and two years before the triumph of the Anti-corn Law League led by Cobden.

Page 394, note 1. In his second visit to England, although it seemed to Mr. Emerson that the prospects for better social conditions were increasing, and a longer stay there perhaps. modified a little the views here expressed, he did not fail to bravely speak his public word, even in the face of some remonstrance, against false, and for real aristocracy.

The Riverside Press

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