་ RAIN-MAKING (clv. 119). The profession rain-making has been common throughout almost the whole of Africa from The Library. shire. By Thomas Čruddas Porteous. (Wigan: J. Starr and Sons). STANDI deanery of Leyland, the third larg was a parish in the hundred and the tribes on the Nile to the various Bantu A History of the Parish of Standish, Lancapeoples of South Africa. I have collected numerous notes on the subject from the works of Schweinfurth, Emin Pasha, Brun-Rollet, Jephson and others. See also MacMichael, The Tribes of Northern and Central Kordofan,' 1912, pp. 86, 114; Journal of the African Society, 1904-5, 228-9; The Wide World Magazine, 1904, October; Bulletin de la Société de Géographie, Paris, 4 sér., iv. 1852, 421; 5 sér. vi. 1863, 20, etc. The barbarous practices connected with it are being gradually abolished now that the "dark continent" has been brought under civilized rule. A murder trial at Abu Zabud was reported in Sudan Notes and Records,' iii. 1920, 255-9. Still later, in 1923, some natives in Rhodesia were tried for the murder of a girl who was reputed to be a goddess. On that occasion, almost immediately after she had been burnt alive on a funeral pyre, rain fell. The name of the tribe was not mentioned, but the men were presumably Bantu. FREDK. A. EDWARDS. est in that hundred, covering 15,377 acres, a Mr. The AUTHORS WANTED (clv. 101, 142).-5. The King's side, for the most part, and some of passage given at the second reference from Classical and Foreign Quotations is one which requires drastic revision, and which would assuredly have been corrected if Mr. King had lived to prepare a further edition of his useful book. The proper names Galgacus and mons Grampius are found only in obsolete texts of Tacitus's Agricola '. The correct name for the mere stage-figure who comes forward to make a speech, and is never heard of before or after it" (Furneaux) is Calgacus; and the mountain, the locality of which cannot be identified with certainty, is mons Graupius. The reading Grampius which appeared in the first printed text (c. 1480), apparently a mere error, has been unfortunately perpetuated by the name Grampians first given by geographers of the sixteenth century (Furneaux's note on chap. 29). From what source did King draw the strange omne ignotum pro magnifico legend that in Calgacus's imaginary speech, was a contemptuous reference to Agrícola's belief in the existence of a sovereign herb which was to cure his son? The only son born to Agricola, mentioned by his son-in-law Tacitus, died quite young twenty years before the battle of the Mons Graupius. 11. "The stilus is still a deadly weapon as well as a writing implement Was not the writer of this thinking of the use of the sharp pointed iron or bronze stilus in an emergency? Julius Caesar, when attacked by his assassins, seized Casca's arm and graphio traiecit " (Suetonius, Life of Julius Caesar', chap. 82). EDWARD BENSLY. the well-to-do suffered impoverishment for the royal cause. There introduced itself, however, a considerable Puritan element as time went on, and the Quakers presently had a firm footing within the parish. on Perhaps the chapter of most general and thrilling interest is that on the Standish Hall plot to restore James II to the throne. Standish Hall, a lonely house amid woods, was a good centre for the hatching of a plot, and William Standish, its master, even after cer1689 had been tain doings at Christmas betrayed, went accumulating military stores there. Then comes the question of the Lancashire Plot in 1694, the reality of which Here Mr. Porteous has been in dispute. makes most important contribution. He has decoded a bundle of inedited documents lying among the Standish deeds at the Wigan Library, communications from James in exile to his Lancashire supporters. and papers signed by the own hands of these gentlemen. He succeeded in finding the key to the cipher a simple transposition of letters complicated by setting down occasional words in clear and by running words together and so is able to show that the evidence against the Lancashire gentry has some substance in it. The Standish of the day and his friends were involved in the attempt of 1715, but by 1745 the Jacobite gentry of these parts had grown disheartened, and the Chevalier received no support from them. The chapter on the Trade and Growth of the parish is fully as interesting as that on the more romantic side of its history. We will mention here only the muslin-weaving at Anderton, said to have been the first of its kind in England, which was started twice, for the second, and successful, time by Samuel Oldknow in 1782. Standish Church-the patron is St. Wilfrid-is a spacious building dating mainly from the sixteenth century, on the site of an older church. Here is an effigy which has been a good deal discussed, a memorial to Richard Moody, rector in Elizabethan days, and an active re-builder of the church. It is, however, considered by high authority to be of late fourteenth century work and to represent a clerk in academical dress, though the dress has also been interpreted as a friar's habit; from all which it would appear that an old effigy was adapted for the purposes of the memorial. The oldest memorial in the church is a slab bearing an incised figure of Maud de Chisnall (fourteenth century). The documentary history of the Church goes back to 1205. The most notable person among the rectors was Henry Standish, Grey Friar, later Bishop of St. Asaph, well-known at Court, and opponent in theological controversy of Erasmus. His will, dated 1535, is witnessed by Standish men, and is here set out in full. In the seventeenth century Ralph Brideoak held this living, who was a staunch adherent of the Earl of Derby and present at the siege of Lathom House. Ejected from Standish during the Civil War, he was nevertheless befriended by Lenthall and after the Restoration received successive promotions ending in the bishopric of Chichester. The most remarkable eighteenth century rector was Richard Perryn, a most diligent and practical person, of the type produced by that age, whose turn for chronicling matters of all kinds makes his memory specially grateful to research-workers of the present day. Another interesting line of Standish history is that of its connection with Wigan, with which physically it is closely united, while there is an old Standish claim to the advowson of Wigan, which seems to indicate that the two once belonged to the same hundred. Bordering Wigan lies the part of old Standish parish known as Standish-with-Langtree, to which a separate chapter is devoted. Here lived that Ralph de Standish, the esquire of Richard II who cut down Wat Tyler. This part of the book, to which must be added the chapter on Worthington, is rich in old place-names. а This Mr. Porteous is already known to those who care for antiquities and local history as worker both thorough and fortunate. new book, of which we have only indicated a detail here and there, will by its wealth of information, and the painstaking care evident on every page, increase both the gratitude and the respect of his readers and friends. Imhotep, The Vizier and Physician of King Zoser and afterwards the Egyptian God of Medicine. By Jameson B. Hurry. (Oxford University Press. 10s. 6d. net.) WE noticed this book on its first appearance in 1926 at cli. 252 and are glad to see This that a new edition has been called for. contains a considerable amount of fresh information, and several new illustrations. Recent research has added here a little and there a little to the few fragments known to us of Imhotep's family and personal history, as also to detail of his deification and worship; and, yet more, it has given us greater knowledge of the architectural works associated with his name. It now seems established that the StepPyramid at Sakkarah was covered with fine lime-stone and that the structure remaining is but the core of the complete building: in view of this, which is mentioned on p. 16, the sentence on p. 13 about this pyramid never having had a continuous casing of stone" should perhaps be modified to prevent mistake by the unwary reader. 66 We have received two more of the useful and attractive publications of the Homeland Association. The first is a collection of pictures, new and old but principally old, of Bath, put together and provided with an Introduction by Major Gordon Home upon the same plan as the recently published London' and Canterbury (The City of Bath of the Days of our Grandfathers and of To-day. 3s. 6d.). The pictures are well chosen, both instructive and pleasing, and the letter-press, without going very deeply into detail, leaves one with a clear general impression of how Bath came to be. 'The second is a new edition of vol. 52 of the Homeland Handbooks, Aylesbury and its SurHarman, who with Mr. Walter Moore originally roundings (1s. Mr. net), which compiled it, has revised and brought up to date. The addition of a town plan and an inch to the mile Ordnance Map of the surrounding country is worth noting. Richard charge. Contributors are requested always to APPROVED Queries are inserted free of give their names and addresses, for the information of the Editor, and not necessarily for publication. WHEN answering a query, or referring to an article which has already appeared, correspondents are requested to give within parentheses-immediately after the exact headingthe numbers of the series, volume, and page at which the contribution in question is to be found. are re another contributor, correspondents WHEN sending a letter to be forwarded to quested to put in the top left-hand corner of the envelope the number of the page of 'N. & Q.' to which the letter refers. The Publisher will be pleased to forward free specimen copies of N. and Q.' to any addresses of friends which readers may like to send to him. Printed and Published by The Bucks Free Press, Ltd., at their Offices. 20, High Street, High Wycombe, in the County of Bucks. SETS FOR SALE. FIRST SERIES (1849-1855), 12 Volumes and General Index, bound cloth, (2 volumes and General Index in Publisher's cloth), second hand, clean and sound, £3 38. SECOND SERIES (1856-1861), 12 volumes, uniformly bound in cloth, second hand, clean and sound, £2 2s. THIRD SERIES (1862-1867), 12 volumes, uniformly bound in cloth, second hand, clean and sound, £2 28. THIRD SERIES (1862-1867), bound half leather, marbled boards, in new condition. £10 10s. FOURTH SERIES (1868-1883), bound half leather, marbled boards, second hand, in good condition, £7 78. FIFTH SERIES (1874-1879) bound half leather, marbled boards, second-hand, in good condition, £7 7s. WANTED. THIRD SERIES.-General Index FIFTH SERIES.-General Index. VOL. CLIV.-No. 1 (Jan.-June, 1928). THE HE following numbers and Volume Indices of the TWELFTH SERIES or the complete volumes in which they are included : No. 2-Jan. 8, 1916 (Vol. i). Please send offers to " NOTES & QUERIES,' "" 20, High Street, High Wycombe, Bucks. 4 NOTES AND QUERI et et puigh Friday, at 20, High Street, High Wycombe, Bucks (Telephone: Wycombe 306). tions (£2 28. a year, U.S.A. $10.50, including Subscrippostage, two half-yearly indexes and two cloth binding cases, or £1 15s. 4d. a year, U.S.A. $9, without binding cases) should be sent to the Manager. The London Office is at 14, Burleigh Street, W.C.2 (Telephone: Chancery 8766), where the current issue is on sale. Orders for back numbers, indexes and bound volumes should be sent either to London or to Wycombe; letters for the Editor to the London Office. Memorabilia. Dr. THE slight information we have about little Miss Muffet might lead to a tentative conclusion that her diet was not specially good for the nerves. However, it seems it would be a mistake to put her jumpiness over the spider down to the poverty of whey as a food. Dr. Fisher, writing in the Journal of the Ministry of Agriculture about how whey may be used in the milling and baking industries, tells us that it possesses great nutritive value, and proves the statement by statistics from its use for pigs. The secret of this lies, apparently, in its mineral or ash content, and knowledge of the importance of mineral constituents in feeding stuffs is one of the recent gains of science. If pigs profit by the addition of whey to their food, so, Fisher shows, might human beings by the addition of whey to their bread. There is, from cheese factories, an immense amount of whey available, but being over 93 per cent. water its transport tel quel from factory to bakery is impracticable. Dried whey is the difficulty. Its keeping qualities are excellent and its bulk small, and by replacing from 5 to 10 per cent. of flour by a corresponding amount of it excellent loaves have been made, which keep longer than ordinary loaves without staling, being palatable even ten days or so after baking. An appetising description is given of the distinct, characteristic and pleasant flavour; the good crust of rather biscuit-like quality; the crumb somewhat darker and yellower than that of ordinary bread. These loaves were made in the bakehouse of the Research Association of British Flour Millers. As Dr. Fisher says, this proposed use of dried whey would make valuable in one industry-flour milling solution of this and baking-a material which is a most troublesome waste product of another, the dairying industry. Mr. Bond, in September on the Farm,' sums up the summer of 1928, with its long spell of bright sunshine and low rainfall, during which haymaking went on almost most districts by the end of July. The stacks without interruption and was completed in are rather smaller than usual, he says; but the nutritive value of the fodder superior. The pastures are bare still, and brown-an appearance they have not presented in the Midlands for several years. Farmers are hoping, or not venturing to hope, for recovery during the autumn, an autumn flush," as the writer has it. WE E have received with great pleasure a copy of the sixth edition of our old familiar friend, The Authors' and Printers' Dictionary,' compiled by the late F. Howard In the following month a second impression Collins, and first published in March, 1905. was required, and successive editions appeared in September, 1905, and in 1909, 1912, and 1921. The alterations in the sixth editionoutcome, the Preface says, of the kindness systematic agreement in spelling of placeand zeal of many correspondents-include name with the practice of the Royal Geographical Society. It was a good idea to add extracts from the Preface to the First Edia note of Herbert tion, which includes Spencer's on the great -ize versus ise quesfavour of the phonetic division of words. tion, and Professor Skeat's pronouncement in Following Mr. R. W. Chapman's essay of practical advice, Author and Printer,' we have now a few notes on accent and pronunciation and how these are indicated. Good additions are that of diacritical marks used in the principal languages and many new names of National and Federal Assemblies. WE have just received the Quarterly Jour nal of the New York State Historical Association for July. It contains an article on Sir John Johnson (1743-1830), the Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs, by Dr. Peter H. Bryce; a note on the Sesquicentennial of the Battle of Monmouth by A. C. F.; Dr. Albert Vander Veer's reminiscences of the family of Vander Veer whose land in 1778 formed part of the battle-field of Monmouth, and a long and detailed description of Emanuel Leutze's painting of Washington at that battle. Dr. Vander Veer, writing at the age of 87, recalls details told to him by his grandmother, who helped to carry water from |