66 Heavy" and "done" may be accented but not emphatic. In the second line the emphatic force must fall on the expressive complement of the predicate, "for retiring," because suggesting the antithesis "For retiring" (and not indulging longer in our reverie.) 25. "And we heard | the distant | and random gun-That the foe | was suddenly firing.” The The first clauses unemphatic, because implied in the clock struck," which of course was also “heard.” emphasis of this line lies on "gun," which is antithetic to "clock." In the last line "foe" is emphatic, because antithetic to friend, understood as giving the signal for "retiring." 26. "Slowly and sadly we laid him down 66 From the field of his fame, | fresh and gory." In this sentence the subject "we," the predicate laid him down," and the expletive clause "from the field of his fame," are all implied in the occasion, and the accents fall on slowly" and "sadly," and on "fresh and gory," which latter are complements of the object him." The principal accent is on "gory" as the stronger of the two adjectives. The predicate includes all the words "laid. him down from the field of his fame," which must be connectively read. A falling termination is necessary to disconnect the last clause from fresh and gory," which would otherwise seem to refer to "field" or 66 fame." "We carved not | a line, | and we raised not a stone, But we left him alone with his glory." 66 27. The accents in the first line will fall on "line" and "stone." The negatives must not be united with the objects but with the verbs. To read, "We carved | not a line" would be nonsense. In the second line "but" should be separately pronounced, because it does not refer to "we left him," which is implied as a matter of course, for even if they had raised a monument to mark the spot, they would equally have left him." The meaning is equiv alent to "We left him" (with no monumental tablet or cairn, but) "alone with his glory.” The last are therefore the new and accented words. 28. "Lightly | they'll talk of the spirit that's gone, But nothing he'll reck if they let him sleep on ¦ The emphasis in the first line falls on "lightly" the expressive complement of the common-place predicate "will talk," antithesis being implied. Thus, "Lightly" (and not reverently as he deserves.) The subject "they" is used in the general sense of " people" and is unaccented; "of the spirit that's gone is implied in connection with the subject of the poem. "And" in the second line, must be separate, to disconnect it from the expletive clause that follows; “ upbraid" will be emphatic, as contrasted with the previous predicate, 66 (Not only) talk lightly" (but even) "upbraid." "But" in the third line, must be separate, to show the sense notwithstanding" (these facts.) · Nothing he'll reck," the first word accented, but the principal emphasis on "he'll," to suggest the antithesis, 66 "He'll reck nothing" (although we shall.) The only other emphasis is on "Briton," which is suggestive of an inference of pride in the nation whose chivalry will defend the hero's name and mortal remains from insult. 29. One example is as good as a thousand, if it have made the principle manifest, and if the reader have clearly seen it; but the importance of this department of elocution, involving, as it does, the processes of thought which must govern all intelligent delivery- yet which have not been systematically developed by previous authors-will justify farther illustration. The following Sonnet will repay the most careful study and analysis. 30. LEAR.-Thomas Hood. A poor old king, with sorrow for my crown, So that unkindly speech may sound for kind;— And have not gold to purchase wit withal. My child, my child -- all beggared, save in tears, Foolish, and blind, and overcome with years. 31. The words "poor old king," are predicates to the subject "I" understood. Thus: "I am a poor old king." "Poor" in connection with "King" is more emphatic than "old" as it involves opposition of ideas, while any king may be old. But each of the three words is emphatic, the whole forming a climax, equivalent to "I am a poor man--an old man --and, notwithstanding my poverty, I am a King!" The idea of " King" of course involves the common paraphernalia of royalty—the crown, the throne, the mantle—and the emphasis in the next clauses will fall on the material words “sorrow," "straw," and "wind." In the next sentence, the subject "tears" being involved, in "sorrow," before spoken of, the emphasis is reserved for the predicate "have made me blind." 66 The clauses for pity" (the motive) and "that I might never see" &c. (the effect) have one idea in common, and, in such cases the emphasis is given to the stronger expression, which is in the latter clause. 66 The idea that I might never see" is manifestly involved in blind" and would be unemphatic, but that "see" has more than its literal force and is equivalent to "be conscious of." 66 In the objective clause "my children's frown," the word children's" is strongly emphatic, as expressing the climax of unnaturalness; the idea of "frown" (or unkindness) is involved, in the fact of such parental "sorrow" in connection with children. 66 The substance of the next sentence is: "madness may have blinded my mind, as tears have blinded my eyes;" madness" and "mind" are therefore antithetic to "tears" and eyes," (understood,) "madness" being the prominent word, because it involves mind.” 6. The clause "like a friend" expresses the same idea as "for pity" in the preceding sentence; the phrase "has thrown a folded fillet" is a mere periphrasis of the idea "made blind;" and "dark" is implied in the “filleted mind;" these words, therefore, have no force. 66 66 The idea of " unkindly speech" is kindred to that of "frown" in the preceding sentence, and unemphatic -unless the difference between "speech," an object of hearing, and "frown" one of sight, be considered important enough for emphasis. The predicate may sound," following the idea of "speech," would be a mere expletive, if the word "sound conveyed no more than its ordinary meaning; but it is emphatic because obviously equivalent to "may seem to sound" or "may deceptively sound." For what? Of course for the opposite of "unkind," or the deception would not be the act of a 66 friend;" therefore the idea for kind" is involved.. The next sentence "Albeit I know not" brings the train of thought to a close, while, at the same time, it starts a new one, (the connective 'for' being understood.) (for) "I am childish grown, and have not gold”— There seems to be no coherence between these, ideas, but the link is supplied in the close of the line "And have not gold to purchase wit withal." If the emphasis were on 'gold,' the inference would be that some other commodity might purchase wit;' but wit' not being marketable at all, the idea of "purchasing" it is the prominent one, and touchingly illustrative of the childish witlessness of the poor old King.' In the next sentence, the subject "I," being without contrast, is unemphatic; the word "once," having no numerical force, but only the sense of 'formerly,' is implied in have maintained" "royal state" is implied in "King" therefore the only emphatic word is "most." "I that have once maintained most royal state, A very bankrupt now." "Bankrupt," being opposed to "most royal state," is strongly emphatic; "now" is unemphatic although opposed to "once" because present time is involved in the statement "I am a bankrupt." The idea of bankruptcy is intensified in what follows: "A very bankrupt now, that may not call My child my child--all beggared.” The most inalienable of properties - his own offspring alienated in heart and from his heart, he has nothing left, and is thus totally "beggared.” The form of the expression "call my child my child" is peculiar, the emphasis could not be given to either of the repeated words without involving a manifestly false antithesis. Thus : "that may not call my child, my child"Whose then? There can be no antithesis to " "that may not call my child, my child”- my;" poor What other relative then? None, of course. The idea of beggary' suggests what the possesses in only too great abundance: -"all beggared, save in tears Wherewith I daily weep an old man's fate." "Tears having been already spoken of, the emphasis is "save;"" weep" is implied in the mention of tears" and the only other new word is "daily." on 66 In the last line of the Sonnet, the King's unhappy condition is summed up, as he had before stated it, the only word not fully involved in the preceding lines being "over come." "Foolish and blind and overcome with years." III. REPETITIONS 32. The only exception to the rule that the emphatic is always the new idea, is to be found in sentences which contain a repetition or reduplication of an idea previously expressed. But the exception is more apparent than real, for the repeated word will generally be found to be suggestive of an antithesis between the ordinary meaning and some special acceptation of the word or phrase. When explanatory or complemental clauses are added to the repeated word, these of course contain something new, which will take the principal emphasis, while the epeated term receives a varying expression of appellatory, assertive, or referential tone. 33. When the repetition includes a clause or a sentence and not a word merely, the emphasis will be shifted to a different syllable at each repetition, or as often as may be practicable. Thus in the following lines from Dryden's Ode on "Alexander's Feast," |