pier times. The younger Eleanora was married to her lover by proxy early in the year 1275, only a few weeks before the decease of her mother in France. She did not, however, immediately set out, and when she did so, in company with her brother Amalric, her voyage was any thing but prosperous.

"The young fiancée and her guardian were captured off the Scilly Islands by four Bristol merchant vessels, and conveyed forthwith to the port of that city. Bartholomew of Norwich and other chroniclers affirm that these vessels were actually commissioned by King Edward to intercept them. At any rate, his appreciation of the service they had performed appears by a gift of 200 marks to their crews. The illustrious captives, after remaining eight days in Bristol Castle, were separated. Amalric was placed in solitary confinement, first at Corfe, and then at Sherborne Castle, while his sister was conveyed to Windsor Castle, where, if she were not subjected to rigorous captivity, she was detained in a sort of honourable restraint. Great was the indignation and bitter the disappointment of the Welsh prince, at finding his plighted bride thus suddenly snatched from him. In the first transports of indignation, when the news reached him, he made hostile demonstrations against the English king; and when he was summoned to appear at Parliament he refused to obey, but at the same time sent messengers, demanding peace and the restoration of Eleanora, and offering for her immense sums of money. The king saw his advantage; he felt that he possessed a strong hold upon his antagonist, and he refused to relinquish Eleanora except on his own terms. These terms Llewellyn hesitated to accept. It needed little provocation to rouse the warlike Edward against his rash opponent. He advanced into Wales: county after county yielded to his victorious arms, and Llewellyn was compelled to sue for peace. He was permitted to come under a safe conduct to London, where the terms were finally arranged. . . . . These conditions were hard, but the stern monarch was inflexible in the exaction of them: it was only by swearing, an oath, which, as it rang through the Welsh mountains and valleys, thrilled the heart of every son of Cambria with patriotic sorrow, and woke up the spirit of its bards to strains of enthusiastic indignation and passionate bewailing, that the ill-omened nuptials of Llewellyn and Eleanora were concluded. They were married at Worcester on the 13th of October, 1278, in the presence of King Edward and Queen Eleanora, and the whole court. The nuptials were performed with great magnificence at the expense of Edward, who himself gave away the bride.-The young couple immediately retired to Wales."-Vol. ii. pp. 163–165.

And here we must bid adieu to these very interesting pages; assuring our readers that it is from want of space, and not of will, that we have proceeded rather less than half way in our survey of the first three volumes of "The Lives of the Princesses of England."

ART. VII.-Notes of a Residence in the Canary Islands, the South of Spain, and Algiers; illustrative of the State of Religion in those Countries. By the Rev. THOMAS DEBARY, M.A. London: Rivingtons.

IN these days of migratory habits, the writer of travels has far less chance of an attentive audience than in days when steamers and railroads were unknown. The greater part of the Continent of Europe is indeed familiar to every one, either by guidebooks, or books of travels, or personal visits-known, that is to say, in its outward form, its scenery, buildings, and other features which appear on the surface of things. But what a world of novelty is imperceptible to the mere traveller, who hastens along from city to city, and spends his time in seeing the "lions!" The mind, feelings, opinions of the people—and, above all, their religion-not merely in its external manifestations, which impress themselves on the senses, but in its inner operations on opinion and practice-are a closed book to the ordinary traveller; more especially if that traveller be, as he very frequently is, profoundly ignorant of the religious systems of those amongst whom he travels, and perhaps not very well informed as to his own religion. And yet, how immeasurably more important and interesting in every point of view, are the mental characteristics of a people, than the material developments which present themselves to the senses! The writer who is enabled by circumstances to acquire an insight into the prevalent views and sentiments of foreign nations, is contributing a most valuable addition to the amount of our knowledge, by stating the result of his inquiries. Mr. Debary is one of those writers who has been enabled, from various causes, to bestow on those higher subjects of inquiry, an attention and a research such as rarely lies within the power of those who visit or even reside in the countries which he has made the subject of examination in the volume now before. His general acquaintance with religious subjects, his habits of observation and inquiry, and his familiarity with foreign languages, afforded peculiar facilities for investigations, which at this period are more especially interesting, as bearing upon questions which engage much of the public attention. But, independently of the graver subjects which the author more particularly examines, there is very much to engage and to interest the general reader, in the agreeable pictures

of scenery and manners which are introduced, and the varied characters of the society into which the author takes his readers.

We propose to touch briefly, in the first instance, on those portions of Mr. Debary's work which refer to more general subjects; and subsequently to examine the evidence which he supplies of the state of religion amongst the native population of the countries which he visited.

Our author, having been recommended by his medical adviser to spend a winter abroad, embarked in one of the regular packets for Madeira, with the intention of making a stay of some months there. As may be supposed, most of his companions were invalids, like himself, in search of health. This circumstance, however, did not prevent the discomfort of disputes on subjects of controversy-the Madeira chaplaincy furnishing material for much animated debate, and ultimately ranging most of the passengers on either one side or the other. We have really no heart to dwell on these disputes, or the opinions expressed by Mr. Debary in reference to them. We confess to an unfavourable impression with regard to the conduct of almost all who have been engaged in that controversy; and, after recent occurrences, it is perhaps just as well, that there should be no further contest going on there. The Bishop of London has been most improperly treated by all parties.

At length we arrive at Madeira, where our author thus introduces us to the Bay of Funchal :—

"We entered the Bay of Funchal under what might be called a tropical moon. The fair prospect was accordingly idealized, rather than concealed, by the shades of night; innumerable white quintas sparkled in the basin of the amphitheatre; the sea looked too calm ever again to be stirred into a storm; the voices of people talking on the decks of the neighbouring ships told us how still was the atmosphere; but, as if to remind us that we were not altogether in fairy-land, from one of these issued a grievous smell; and we learnt the next day that she had been a slaver, but was now employed to carry emigrants, and had been brought back by government vessels from a voyage to Demerara, whither she was bound, with three hundred miserable emigrants on board, as they had not obtained the proper permission to leave the island. But for this smell we should have thought the prospect before us a dream; but as it was, we were happy to seek an oblivion of the senses, by retiring to rest.

"As Madeira is a place so constantly visited and written about, the few observations I have to make upon the island shall be made in as brief a way as possible. If the transporting the habits and manners of the mother country pretty perfectly into the colony or settlement be a sign of good colonization, there is no doubt Madeira was well colonized at the beginning. Funchal is a thoroughly Portuguese town; and, as

far as size and importance goes, bears about the same proportion to the other towns and villages of the island, as Lisbon does to Portugal. It seems the disposition of the Portuguese to congregate very much in one large city or capital, and that of the Spaniards to settle in several towns; so that, I imagine, if we except the Havannah, the Portuguese can show finer capitals, in proportion, than their neighbours. Funchal is a very large town for the size of the island, and a great part of it being built on the precipitous sides of the mountain, it shows off to the best advantage. Then the numerous English residents, who have brought money and taste to erect quintas with, have added somewhat to the splendour of the coup d'œil. The character of the Portuguese street architecture is rather of the majestic, and traces of this taste are manifested in some streets of Funchal."-pp. 4-6.

Madeira does not seem to have left a pleasing impression on the author's mind, and it may well be imagined that a society of invalids, many of whom survive but a short time their voyage thither, must have any thing but a cheerful tendency. In addition to this, the controversy then raging in the island furnished an inducement to exchange the "spell-bound" island, for the Canaries, whither, accordingly, our author proceeded in the Brazil packet. Within twenty-four hours after leaving Madeira they could discern the "loom" of Teneriffe: they had the whole south-east side of the island before them, with the Peak in full view -a range of basaltic mountains covered with what appeared to be a thin and spotty vegetation. These mountains suddenly fall before coming to the capital of the province, Santa Cruz-the Canary islands being, as Mr. Debary says, just as much a province of Spain as Andalusia. On landing the travellers were surrounded by a singular-looking rabble. The most respectable were dressed in long cloth cloaks, notwithstanding the burning heat of the sun; and many of the others wore common blankets over their shoulders. An odd-looking individual half-English half-Spanish, who saw the travellers' surprise, informed them that this strange attire was only a part of the national vanity-a "carpa" of some sort must be had, and those who cannot afford a cloth one, content themselves with a blanket! We should think this vanity brings an ample punishment along with it. Imagine men broiling in blankets and cloth cloaks under a tropical sun! The population of this place is about 8000 or 9000; the houses are furnished with windows of a peculiar description. They are only partially glazed.

"The greater part," says our author, "consists of a sort of panelled shutter, which on being pushed from the inside lifts up, and enables the inmate to see and not to be seen. The mystery which attaches tothese shutters certainly furnishes the ladies of the town, who are re

markably pretty, with a powerful means of flirtation. A stranger has to pass a perfect battery as he walks along. A shutter flies up, a face glances at the stranger, and when curiosity is satisfied down drops the shutter again, and the house looks as exclusive as a convent."—p. 24.

On visiting the Captain-General of the province, they were questioned by him as to the probability of Queen Adelaide (then at Madeira) visiting Teneriffe. He then began to speculate on what political effects to Europe would be the result of Louis Philippe's death; little imagining at the time that the French Revolution had then taken place. The news of that Revolution and its effects throughout Europe arrived in a few weeks, and the author remarks on the perplexity it caused even in those remote islands. Vessels touching at Santa Cruz did not know what ships to salute, and whether they were at war or peace with the different countries they arrived at. The actual arrival of the news is thus amusingly described:

"An English merchant made interest for us; and procured us á lodging in the house of one Señor Martinez, a Spanish gentleman of rather reduced fortune, but ample habitation. He was literally living in a palace, by himself; a terrible Progresista and a passionate admirer of Espartero; a great conner of the little scraps of paper that circulate here as newspapers, and the very centre of the political circle of the place.

"One evening we were sitting at our evening meal with Don Martinez, which consisted of milk, and rice, and fruit. Martinez had just got his letters from Spain, and was reading them with great agitation, when he suddenly got up, and run out of the room, leaving us listlessly looking out upon the evening sky, and the broad leaves of the banana, and thinking how very quiet and tranquil every thing was, but yet a little surprised at the agitation of our host. Suddenly we heard a great explosion, and immediately saw the darting light of rockets as they rose one after another; and Martinez returning to us, exclaimed, 'Cohete!', 'cohete!' a rocket! a rocket! bravo! there is a republic in France, and Louis Philippe is dead. Viva La Republica! May the Republic flourish!" Of course, having no respect for Spanish intelligence, we did not believe Martinez, and only concluded it must be some stir amongst the Progresistas. Martinez evidently regarded it as the dawn of brighter days for Spain, although he did not consider Spain was yet ripe for a republic; but he said Spain was terribly governed, and that every body was a thief; nor did he spare even Narvaez."pp. 61, 62.

Señor Martinez, if he be alive, must have long since bid farewell to the enthusiasm with which he hailed the approach of political liberty. That outbreak has been succeeded by a fearful reaction, and Absolutism in conjunction with Popery, is more thoroughly in the ascendant at this moment than it has been