Sec. 20. Bills referred to committee.-Printed.-No bill shall be considered or become a law unless referred to a committee, returned therefrom, and printed for the use of the members.

Sec. 21. Bill to contain but one subject-Expressed in title-No. bill, except general appropriation bills, shall be passed containing more than one subject, which shall be clearly expressed in its title; but if any subject shall be embraced in any act which shall not be expressed in the title, such act shall be void only as to so much thereof as shall not be so expressed.

Sec. 22. Reading and passage of bills.-Every bill shall be read by title when introduced, and at length on two different days in each house; all substantial amendments made thereto, shall be printed for the use of the members before the final vote is taken on the bill, and no bill shall become a law except by a vote of a majority of all the members elected to each house, nor unless on its final passage the vote be taken by ayes and noes, and the names of those voting be entered on the journal.

[Amended section as proposed by L. '83, p. 21. Adopted November 4, 1884.]

Sec. 23. Vote on amendments and report of committee.—No amendment to any bill by any one house shall be concured in by the other, nor shall the report of any committee of conference be adopted in either house except by a vote of a majority of the members elected thereto, taken by by ayes and noes, and the names of those voting recorded upon the journal thereof.

Sec. 24. Revival, amendment or extension of laws.-No law sht be revived, or amended, or the provisions thereof extended or conferred by reference to its title only, but so much thereof as is revived, amended, extended or conferred, shall be re-enacted and published at length.

Sec. 25. Special legislation prohibited. The general assembly shall not pass local or special laws in any of the following enumerated cases, that is to say: for granting divorces, laying out, opening, altering or working roads or highways, vacating roads, town plats, streets, alleys and public grounds; locating or changing county seats; regulatin county or township affairs; regulating the practice in courts of justice; regulating the jurisdiction and duties of justices of the peace, police magistrates and constables; changing the rules of evidence in any trial or inquiry; providing for changes of venue in civil or criminal cases; declaring any person of age; for limitation of civil action or giving effect to informal or invalid deeds; summoning or impaneling grand or petit juries; providing for the management of common schools; regulating the rate of interest on money; the opening or conducting of any election, or designating the place of voting; the sale or mortage of real estate belonging to minors or others under disability; the protection of game or fish; chartering or

licensing ferries or toll bridges; remitting fines, penalties or forfeitures; creating, increasing or decreasing fees, percentages or allowances of public officers; changing the law of descent; granting to any corporation, association or individual the right to lay down railroad tracks; granting to any corporation, association or individual any special or exclusive privilege, immunity or franchise whatever. In all other cases, where a general law can be made applicable, no special law shall be enacted.

Sec. 25a. Eight hour employment.-The general assembly shall provide by law, and shall prescribe suitable penalties for the violation thereof, for a period of employment not to exceed eight (8) hours within any twenty-four (24) hours (except in cases of emergency where life or property is in imminent danger), for persons employed in underground mines or other underground workings, blast furnaces, smelters; and any ore reduction works or other branch of industry or labor that the general assembly may consider injurious or dangerous to health, life or limb.

[Additional section as proposed by L. '01, p. 108. Adopted November 4, 1902.]

Sec. 26. Signing of bills.-The presiding officer of each house shall, in the presence of the house over which he presides, sign all bills and joint resolutions passed by the general assembly, after their title shall have been publicly read, immediately before signing; and the fact of signing shall be entered on the journal.

Sec. 27. Officers and employes of each house-Compensation.-The general assembly shall prescribe by law the number, duties and compensation of the officers and employes of each house; and no payment shall be made from the state treasury, or be in any way authorized to any person, except to an acting officer or employe elected or appointed in pursuance of law.

Sec. 28. Extra compensation to officers, etc., forbidden.-No bill shall be passed giving any extra compensation to any public officer, servant or employe, agent or contractor, after services shall have been ren dered or contract made, nor providing for the payment of any claim made against the state without previous authority of law.

Sec. 29. Contracts for quarters, furnishings and supplies.-All stationery, printing, paper and fuel used in the legislative and other departments of government shall be furnished; and the printing and binding and distributing of the laws, journals, department reports, and other printing and binding; and the repairing and furnishing the halls and rooms used for the meeting of the general assembly and its committees, shall be performed under contract, to be given to the lowest responsible bidder, below such maximum price and under such regulations as may be prescribed by law. No member or officer of any department of the government shall be in any way interested in any such contract; and all such

contracts shall be subject to the approval of the governor and state treasurer.

Sec. 30. Extension of term and increase of salary of public officers.Except as otherwise provided in this constitution, no law shall extend the term of any public officer, or increase or diminish his salary or emoluments after his election or appointment; Provided, That on and after the first day of March, A. D. 1881, the salaries of the following designated public officers, including those thereof who may then be incumbents of such offices, shall be as herein provided, viz.:

The governor shall receive an annual salary of five thousand dollars, and the further sum of fifteen hundred dollars for the payment of a private secretary.

The judges of the supreme courts shall each receive an annual salary of five thousand dollars.

The judges of the district court shall each receive an annual salary of four thousand dollars.

[Amended section as proposed by L. '81, p. 63. Adopted November 7, 1882.]

Sec. 31. Revenue bills.-All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the house of representatives; but the senate may propose amendments, as in the case of other bills.

Sec. 32. Apropriation bills.-The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing but appropriations for the ordinary expenses of the executive, legislative and judicial departments of the state, interest on the public debt, and for public schools. All other aproprations shall be made by separate bills, each embracing but one subject.

Sec. 33. Disbursement of public money.-No money shall be paid out of the treasury except upon appropriations made by law, and on warrant drawn by the proper officer in pursuance thereof.

Sec. 34. Appropriations to private institutions forbidden.-No appropriations shall be made for charitable, industrial, educational or benevolent purposes, to any person, corporation or community not under the absolute control of the state, nor to any denominational or sectarian institution or association.

Sec. 35. Delegation of power. The general assembly shall not delegate to any special commission, private corporation or association, any power to make, supervise or interfere with any municipal improvement, money, property or effects, whether held in trust or otherwise, or to levy taxes or perform any municipal function whatever.

Sec. 36. Certain investments of trust funds forbidden.-No act of the general assembly shall authorize the investment of trust funds by execu

tors, administrators, guardians or other trustees, in the bonds or stock of any private corporation.

Sec. 37. Change of venue. The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be vested in the courts, to be exercised in such a manner as shall be provided by law.

Sec. 38. No liability exchanged or released.-No obligation or liability of any person, association or corporation,held or owned by the state, or any municipal corporation therein, shall ever be exchanged, transferred, remitted, released or postponed, or in any way diminished by the general assembly, nor shall such liability or obligation be extinguished except by payment thereof into the proper treasury.

Sec. 39. Orders and resolutions presented to governor.-Every order, resolution or vote to which the concurrence of both houses may be neces sary, except on the question of adjournment, or relating solely to the transaction of business of the two houses, shall be presented to the governor, and before it shall take effect, be approved by him, or being disapproved, shall be repassed by two-thirds of both houses, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in case of a bill.

Sec. 40. Bribery and influence in general assembly.—If any person elected to either house of the general assembly shall offer or promise to give his vote or influence in favor of or against any measure or proposition pending or proposed to be introduced in the general assembly in consideration or upon condition that any other person elected to the same general assembly will give or will promise or assent to give his vote or influence in favor of or against any other measure or proposition pending or proposed to be introduced in such general assembly, the person making such offer or promise, shall be deemed guilty of solicitation of bribery. If any member of the general assembly shall give his vote or influence for or against any measure or proposition pending in such general assembly, or offer, promise or assent so to do, upon condition that any other member will give or will promise or assent to give his vote or influence in favor of or against any other measure or proposition pending or proposed to be introduced in such general assembly, or in consideration that any other member hath given his vote or influence for or against any other measure or proposition in such general assembly, he shall be deemed guilty of bribery; and any member of the general assembly, or person elected thereto, who shall be guilty of either of such offenses shall be expelled, and shall not be thereafter eligible to the same general assembly; and, on conviction thereof in the civil courts, shall be liable to such further penalty as may be prescribed by law.

Sec. 41. Offering, giving, promising money or other consideration.Any person who shall directly or indirectly offer, give or promise any money or thing of value, testimonial, privilege or personal advantage to any executive or judicial officer or member of the general assembly to in

fluence him in the performance of any of his public or official dutiesshall be deemed guilty of bribery, and be punished in such manner as shall be provided by law.

Sec. 42. Corrupt solicitation of members and officers.-The offense of corrupt solicitation of members of the general assembly or of public officers of the state or of any municipal division thereof, and any occupation or practice of solicitation of such members or officers to influence their official action, shall be defined by law, and shall be punished by fine and imprisonment.

Sec. 43. Members interested shall not vote. ..A member who has a personal or private interest in any measure or bill proposed or pending before the general assembly, shall disclose the fact to the house of which he is a member, and shall not vote thereon.

Sec. 44.

Congressional and Legislative Apportionments.

Representatives in congress.-One representative in the congress of the United States shall be elected from the state at large at the first election under this constitution, and thereafter at such times and places and in such manner as may be prescribed by law. When a new apportionment shall be made by congress the general assembly shall divide the state into congressional districts accordingly.

Sec. 45. Census.-The general assembly shall provide by law for an enumeration of the inhabitants of the state, in the year of our Lord 1885, and every tenth year thereafter; and at the session next following such enumeration, and also at the session next following an enumeration made by the authority of the United States, shall revise and adjust the apportionment for senators and representatives, on the basis of such enumeration according to ratios to be fixed by law.

Sec. 46. Number of members of general assembly.-The senate shall consist of twenty-six and the house of representatives of forty-nine members, which number shall not be increased until the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and ninety, after which time the general assembly may increase the number of senators and representatives, prserving as near as may be the present proportion as to the number in each house; Provided, That the aggregate number of senators and representatives shall never exceed one hundred.

Sec. 47.

Senatorial and representative districts.-Senatorial and representative districts may be altered from time to time, as public convenience may require. When a senatorial or representative district shall be composed of two or more counties, they shall be contiguous and the district as compact as may be. No county shall be divided in the formation of a senatorial or representative district.