IntonationCambridge University Press, 1997 M10 13 - 201 pages When originally published in 1986, this book was the first to survey intonation in all its aspects, both in English and universally. In this updated edition, while the basic descriptive facts of the form and use of intonation are presented in the British nuclear tone tradition, there is nevertheless extensive comparison with other theoretical frameworks, in particular with the ToBI framework, which has become widespread in the United States. In this new edition Alan Cruttenden has expanded the sections on historical background, different theoretical approaches and sociolinguistic variation. After introductory chapters on the physiology and acoustics of pitch, he describes in detail the forms and functions of intonation in English and discusses the sociolinguistic and dialectal variations in intonation. The concluding chapter provides an overview of the state of the art in intonational studies. |
Contents
PRELIMINARIES | 1 |
111 Length loudness and pitch | 2 |
1113 Pitch | 3 |
1114 Summary | 5 |
13 Prominence | 6 |
14 Intonation | 7 |
15 Tone languages | 8 |
16 Pitch accent languages | 10 |
4413 Rises independent | 97 |
4414 Tonal sequences | 103 |
442 Conditioning factors | 104 |
443 Abstract meanings | 106 |
4432 A threetone approach | 108 |
4433 A compositional approach | 110 |
444 Tonal features | 114 |
4441 Accent range | 115 |
17 Summary | 12 |
STRESS ACCENT AND RHYTHM | 13 |
22 Wordstress | 14 |
221 English wordstress | 15 |
23 Degrees of stressaccent | 17 |
24 Rhythm | 20 |
25 Prosodic hierarchies | 22 |
26 Summary | 25 |
THE FORMS OF INTONATION | 26 |
32 Intonationgroups | 29 |
321 Pause | 30 |
322 Other boundary markers | 32 |
323 Internal structure as group marker | 35 |
33 Contours and levels | 38 |
34 Pitch accents and nucleus | 40 |
35 Accent range key and register | 44 |
36 Whole tunes and nuclear tones | 47 |
37 English nuclear tones | 50 |
38 Prenuclear pitch accents | 54 |
39 Alternatives to nuclear tones | 55 |
391 Autosegmental approaches 1 | 56 |
392 Autosegmental approaches 2 | 59 |
310 Summary and preview | 66 |
THE FUNCTIONS OF INTONATION | 68 |
43 Nucleus placement | 73 |
431 Broad focus | 74 |
432 Narrow focus | 80 |
433 New and old information | 81 |
4331 Contrastivity | 82 |
4332 Echoes | 84 |
4333 Insists | 85 |
434 Normal stress | 86 |
44 English nuclear tones | 87 |
441 Local meanings | 91 |
4412 Rises dependent | 93 |
4442 Complexity | 117 |
4443 Stylisation | 119 |
4444 Declination and downstep | 120 |
45 Key and register | 123 |
46 Summary | 125 |
COMPARATIVE INTONATION | 128 |
53 Dialectal variation | 131 |
531 British English | 133 |
532 Variation in English dialects outside Britain | 136 |
54 Crosslinguistic comparisons | 138 |
541 Comparative intonationgroupings | 139 |
542 Comparative nucleus placement | 140 |
alternative models | 144 |
basic typology | 149 |
5441 Declaratives | 151 |
5442 Yesno interrogatives | 155 |
5443 Question word interrogatives | 159 |
5444 Imperatives and exclamatives | 160 |
5446 Stereotyped patterns and chants | 161 |
551 Declination | 162 |
552 Tonal universals | 163 |
56 Intonational change | 164 |
57 Intonation acquisition | 166 |
58 Summary | 169 |
CONSPECTUS | 172 |
611 Prosodic features | 173 |
612 Paralinguistic effects | 174 |
62 Intonation and punctuation | 175 |
63 Intonation and gesture | 177 |
64 Stateoftheart | 178 |
Sources and further reading | 179 |
180 | |
197 | |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
abstract meanings accent languages accent range accented syllable adverbials anacrusis analysis approach basic Bolinger boundary tone British English broad focus Caribbean English chapter clause common contour contrast Cruttenden declination dialects discussed downstep example fall-rise falling tone falls and rises frequently fundamental frequency grammatical Gussenhoven hence high pitch high-fall high-rise indicate intonation-group boundary intonational meaning intonational phrase involve Ladd lexical item linguistic local meanings loudness low-fall low-rise marked narrow focus noun nuclear tones nucleus placement occur old information particular pause phonetic phonological phrase accent pitch accent pitch levels pitch movement pitch pattern pitch range pre-nuclear preceding prominent prosodic prosodic features reduced vowel referred reported rise-fall rising tone sandhi Scottish English semantic sentence non-final sentence-type sequences sort speaker step-up stressed syllable stylisation sub-section syllables syntactic TOBI tonal tone languages typical unaccented syllables unstressed usually utterance variation verb vowel Welsh English whereas word-stress yes/no interrogatives yes/no questions