SEC. 3. Four terms of the supreme court shall be held annually at such times and places as may be designated by law.

No change from Sec. 4, Art. VI.

SEC. 4. The supreme court shall have a general superintending control over all inferior courts; and shall have power to issue writs of error, habeas corpus, mandamus, quo warranto, procedendo and other original and remedial writs, and to hear and determine the same. In all other cases it shall have appellate jurisdiction only.

No change from Sec. 3, Art. VI.

SEC. 5. The supreme court shall by general rules establish, modify and amend the practice in such court and in all other courts of record, and simplify the same. The legislature shall, as far as practicable, abolish distinctions between law and equity proceedings. The office of master in chancery is prohibited.

Sec. 5. Art. VI.

SEC. 6. The supreme court may appoint and remove its clerk, a reporter of its decisions and a court crier, each of whom shall perform such duties and receive such salary as shall be prescribed by law; and all fees, perquisites and income collected by the clerk shall be turned over by him to the state treasury and credited to the general fund. No justice of the supreme court shall exercise any other power of appointment to public office.

Portions of Secs. 10 and 12, Art. VI. Adds appointment of court crier and provides that the clerk be paid a salary.

SEC. 7. Decisions of the supreme court, including all cases of mandamus, quo warranto and certiorari, shall be in writing, with a concise statement of the facts and reasons for the decisions; and shall be signed by the justices concurring therein. Any justice dissenting from a decision shall give the reasons for such dissent in writing under his signature. All such opinions shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the supreme court.

Revises part of Sec. 10, Art. VI. Additional proceedings in the decision of which the court shall file written opinions.

CIRCUIT COURTS.

SEC. 8. The state shall be divided into judicial circuits in each of which there shall be elected one circuit judge. The legislature may provide by law for the election of more than one circuit judge in any judicial circuit. A circuit court shall be held at least four times in each year in every county organized for judicial purposes. Each circuit judge shall hold court in the county or counties within the circuit in which he is elected, and in other circuits as may be provided by law. The legislature may by law arrange the various circuits into judicial districts, and provide for the manner of holding courts therein. Circuits and districts may be created, altered or discontinued by law, but no such alteration or discontinuance shall have the effect to remove a judge from office.

General revision. Secs. 6, 7 and 11, Art. VI.

SEC. 9. Circuit judges shall be elected on the first Monday in April, nineteen hundred eleven, and every sixth year thereafter. They shall hold office for a term of six years and until their successors are elected and qualified. They shall be ineligible to any other than a judicial office during the term for which they are elected and for one year thereafter. Corresponds with Sec. 20, Art. VI, with changes in phraseology. Last sentence taken from Sec. 9, Art. VI.

SEC. 10. Circuit courts shall have original jurisdiction in all matters civil and criminal not excepted in this constitution and not prohibited by law, and appellate jurisdiction from all inferior courts and tribunals and a supervisory control of the same. They shall also have power to issue writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, injunction, quo warranto and certiorari and to hear and determine the same; and to issue such other writs as may be necessary to carry into effect their orders, judgments and decrees and give them general control over inferior courts and tribunals within their respective jurisdictions, and in all such other cases and matters as the supreme court shall by rule prescribe.

No change from Sec. 8, Art. VI, except in phraseology.

SEC. 11. The clerk of each county organized for judicial purposes shall be clerk of the circuit court for such county. The judges of the circuit courts may fill any vacancy in the offices of county clerk or prosecuting attorney within their respective jurisdictions, but shall not exercise any other power of appointment to public office.

Revises portions of Secs. 10 and 12, Art. VI. No change in effect.

SEC. 12. Each of the judges of the circuit courts shall receive a salary payable monthly. In addition to the salary paid from the state treasury, each circuit judge may receive from any county in which he regularly holds court such additional salary as may be determined from time to time by the board of supervisors of the county. In any county where such additional salary is granted it shall be paid at the same rate to all circuit judges regularly holding court therein.

Revises portions of Secs. 6 and 9, Art. VI.

PROBATE COURTS.

SEC. 13. In each county organized for judicial purposes, there shall be a probate court. The jurisdiction, powers and duties of such courts and of the judges thereof shall be prescribed by law, and they shall also have original jurisdiction in all cases of juvenile delinquents and dependents. Part of Sec. 13, Art. VI.

SEC. 14. Judges of probate shall be elected in the counties in which they reside, and shall hold office for four years and until their successors are elected and qualified. They shall be elected on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday of November, nineteen hundred twelve, and every four years thereafter. The legislature may provide by law for the election of more than one judge of probate in counties with more than one hundred thousand inhabitants, and may provide for the election of such judges in such counties at alternate biennial elections.

Substituted for Sec. 21 and part of Sec. 13, Art. VI.

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.

SEC. 15. There shall be elected in each organized township not to exceed four justices of the peace, each of whom shall hold the office for four years and until his successor is elected and qualified. At the first election in any township they shall be classified as shall be prescribed by law. A justice elected to fill a vacancy shall hold the office for the residue of the unexpired term. The legislature may provide by law for justices in cities.

No change from Sec. 17, Art. VI, except in phraseology.

SEC. 16. In civil cases, justices of the peace shall have exclusive jurisdiction to the amount of one hundred dollars and concurrent jurisdiction to the amount of three hundred dollars, which may be increased to five hundred dollars, with such exceptions and restrictions as may be provided by law. They shall also have such criminal jurisdiction and perform such duties as shall be prescribed by law.

Sec. 18, Art. VI. No change except that word "law" substituted for "the legislature."

GENERAL PROVISIONS.

SEC. 17. The supreme court and the circuit and probate courts of each county shall be courts of record, and shall each have a common seal. No change from Sec. 15, Art. VI, except in phraseology.

SEC. 18. Justices of the supreme court, circuit judges and justices of the peace shall be conservators of the peace within their respective jurisdictions.

No change from Sec. 19, Art. VI, except in phraseology.

SEC. 19. Whenever a judge shall remove beyond the limits of the jurisdiction for which he was elected, or a justice of the peace from the township in which he was elected, or by a change in the boundaries of such township shall be placed without the same, he shall be deemed to have vacated the office.

No change from Sec. 22, Art. VI, except in phraseology.

SEC. 20. When a vacancy occurs in the office of judge of any court of record, it shall be filled by appointment of the governor, and the person appointed shall hold the office until a successor is elected and qualified. When elected, such successor shall hold the office the residue of the unexpired term.

No change from Sec. 14, Art. VI, except in phraseology.

SEC. 21. The legislature may provide by law for the election of one or more persons in each organized county who may be vested with judicial powers not exceeding those of a judge of the circuit court at chambers. No change from Sec. 16, Art. VI.

SEC. 22. The style of all process shall be: "In the Name of the People of the State of Michigan."

No change from Sec. 35, Art. VI.

ARTICLE VIII.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT.

COUNTIES.

SECTION 1. Each organized county shall be a body corporate, with such powers and immunities as shall be established by law. All suits and proceedings by or against a county shall be in the name thereof. No change from Sec. 1, Art. X.

SEC. 2. No organized county shall be reduced by the organization of new counties to less than sixteen townships as surveyed by the United States, unless in pursuance of law a majority of electors voting on the question in each county to be affected thereby shall so decide. When any city has attained a population of one hundred thousand inhabitants, the legislature may organize it into a separate county without reference to geographical extent, if a majority of the electors of such city and of the remainder of the county in which such city may be situated voting on the question shall each determine in favor of organizing said city into a separate county.

Revision of Sec. 2, Art. X. Population of a city increased from 20,000 to 100,000 before it may be organized into a separate county; and requires the affirmative vote of a majority of the electors of the city and of the remainder of the county.

SEC. 3. There shall be elected biennially in each organized county a sheriff, a county clerk, a county treasurer, a register of deeds and a prosecuting attorney, whose duties and powers shall be prescribed by law. The board of supervisors in any county may unite the offices of county clerk and register of deeds in one office or separate the same at pleasure. Sec. 3, Art. X. Change in phraseology, and following words omitted, "and as often as vacancies shall happen." See Sec. 5, Art. XVI, herein.

SEC. 4. The sheriff, county clerk, county treasurer, judge of probate and register of deeds shall hold their offices at the county seat. No change from Sec. 4, Art. X.

SEC. 5. The sheriff shall hold no other office, and shall be incapable of holding the office of sheriff longer than four in any period of six years He may be required by law to renew his security from time to time, and, in default of giving such security, his office shall be deemed vacant. The county shall never be responsible for his acts.

No change from Sec. 5, Art. X.

SEC. 6. The legislature shall by general law provide for the appointment of a board of jury commissioners in each county; but such law shall not become operative in any county until a majority of the electors of the county voting thereon shall so decide.

New.

SEC. 7. A board of supervisors, consisting of one from each organized township, shall be established in each county, with such powers as shall be prescribed by law. Cities shall have such representation in the boards

of supervisors of the counties in which they are situated as may be provided by law.

Combines Secs. 6 and 7, Art. X. No change except in phraseology.

SEC. 8. The legislature may by general law confer upon the boards of supervisors of the several counties such powers of a local, legislative and administrative character, not inconsistent with the provisions of this constitution, as it may deem proper.

Subdivision of Sec. 38, Art. IV.

SEC. 9. The boards of supervisors shall have exclusive power to fix the salaries and compensation of all county officials not otherwise provided for by law. The boards of supervisors, or in counties having county auditors, such auditors, shall adjust all claims against their respective counties; appeals may be taken from such decisions of the boards of supervisors or auditors to the circuit court in such manner as shall be prescribed by law.

Supplants Sec. 10, Art. X. Gives boards of supervisors exclusive power to fix salaries and compensation of county officials not otherwise provided for by law.

SEC. 10. The board of supervisors of any county may in any one year levy a tax of one-tenth of one mill on the assessed valuation of said county for the construction or repair of public buildings or bridges, or may borrow an equal sum for such purposes; and, in any county where the assessed valuation is less than ten million dollars, the board may levy a tax or borrow for such purposes to the amount of one thousand dollars; but no greater sum shall be raised for such purposes in any county in any one year, unless submitted to the electors of the county and approved by a majority of those voting thereon.

Sec. 9, Art. X.

SEC. 11. Any county in this state, either separately or in conjunction with other counties, may appropriate money for the construction and maintenance or assistance of public and charitable hospitals, sanatoria or other institutions for the treatment of persons suffering from contagious or infectious diseases. Each county may also maintain an infirmary for the care and support of its indigent poor and unfortunate, and all county poor houses shall hereafter be designated and maintained as County infirmaries.

New.

SEC. 12. No county shall incur any indebtedness which shall increase its total debt beyond three per cent of its assessed valuation.

Subdivision of Sec. 49, Art. IV.

SEC. 13. No county seat once established shall be removed until the place to which it is proposed to be removed shall be designated by twothirds of the board of supervisors of the county, and a majority of the electors voting thereon shall have voted in favor of the proposed location, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law.

No change from Sec. 8, Art. X.

SEC. 14. No navigable stream of this state shall be either bridged or dammed without permission granted by the board of supervisors of the