and in failure of male issue said lands with any others he may possess by this my Will to devolve to the person possessing the other part of the estate. To my sister Bell Donnelan otherwise O'Connor the lands of Trinebaine and the lands of Silane occupied by my father Dermot O'Connor. Said Mable or Bells leases will only be valid in law and she has power to dispose of them at her death to any of her three sons.

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Soon after my death my sisters are to call on three gentlemen to divide the lands of Woodquay and Prenemal so as each sister shall have an equal share, whoever possesses any part of said estate must absolutely take the name of O'Connor, it being the intent of Laughlin O'Connor that said property should be possessed only by an O'Connor. To my niece Bell or Mable Donellan my plot in Tuam, and if she survives her sister Marcia Joyes she may dispose of it to any sister or brother she pleases. To each of my nephews and nieces 51. All my stock and furniture to be sold to pay my debts. I appoint my niece and adopted child Marcia or Mary Donnellan otherwise Joyes in this my Will, or any person for them residuary legatee. If any person mentioned directly or indirectly should commence suit at law. He, she or they forfeit all right which they might have by this my Will.

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Praying Messrs. Val. and Maly O'Connor of Dublin, my friend Councillor James Kirwan of Castlehackett, and Archbishop Beresford to be my Exors. Signed 1st November 1802.

(Signed) Thomas O'Connor. Witnesses :—T. E. Burke; John Madden; Thos. Morris.

Proved 13th December 1803, on which day Valentine O'Connor Esq. one of the Exors. was sworn to the truth of said Will as to the due execution thereof.

CONNOR. Hugh. (V. ante p. 113,

In the name of God, Amen. I Hugh

Dated 12 Dec 1779 Proved 29 May 1783

O'Connor of Batchelor's Walk in the City of Dublin, Merchant, being well in health, of good sound disposing sense and memory, do make this my last Will and testament in manner following, viz:-First, I bequeath my Soul to God my Creator and Redeemer, and my body to be interred early in the morning in Saint James Churchyard in a decent Christianlike manner in the

same grave where my deceased and only wife Honora Connor otherwise Browne was buried or as near it as possible may be. Secondly, I leave and bequeath unto my eldest daughter Monica Connor, wife of Hugh Connor of London, merchant, the sum of £20 to be paid her one month after my decease.

Thirdly, I leave and bequeath to my second daughter Mary Sherlock wife of Mr. Christopher Sherlock of King's Street in the City of Dublin, Brewer, the sum of £20. sterling to be paid her one month after my decease.

Fourthly, I leave and bequeath to my third daughter Julia Connor (who is at present unmarried) the sum of £900 to be paid to her with lawful interest, twelve months after the day of my decease.

Fifthly, I leave and bequeath unto my granddaughter Honora Connor eldest daughter to my daughter Monica Connor by her husband Hugh Connor of London, Merchant, the sum of £400, sterling to be paid her at the age of 18 years with lawful interest from the 15th year of her age.

Sixthly, I leave and bequeath to my two grandchildren daughters of my son Valentine Connor by his wife Mary Connor otherwise Moore, namely Jean Connor my godchild now above 3 years old and Honora Connor an infant now about 6 weeks old, the sum of £200. to be equally divided among them, or the whole sum of £200. to the survivor of them, at the age of 12 years.

Seventhly, I bequeath unto my three sisters Arrabella Connor, Margaret Connor, and Celia Blake otherwise Connor wife of Mr. Henry Blake who lives near Headford in the County of Galway, the sum of £10. to each, making £30. in the whole, to be paid one month after my decease.

Eighthly, I constitute, nominate and ap

point my son Valentine Connor, and my second and youngest son Malachy Connor both of the City of Dublin, merchants, executors of this my last Will and Testament and do leave and bequeath with my said Executors namely my sons Valentine Connor and Malachy Connor the full residue and remainder of all my worldly substance property and fortune, first paying all my just debts if any such be at the time of my decease to be equally divided between them share and share alike.

And whereas I have proved a demand against the estate of my son-in-law Hugh Connor of London lately a Bankrupt, now

whatever the dividend may be that is received out of the said bankrupt's estate I will and bequeath-should be paid towards the schooling of my grandson Hugh Connor the eldest son of said Hugh Connor of London, merchant, aforesaid by my daughter his present wife Monica Connor aforesaid. Lastly, I will and bequeath to my second and youngest son Malachy Connor one of my said Executors all my plate and household furniture except the bed, bedstead, and furniture of my own bedroom and china which I leave and bequeath to my said daughter Julia Connor aforesaid. Given under my hand at Dublin this 12th day of October 1779.

(Signed) Hugh Connor.

flaged a fishing craft and captured privateers in August, 1696." He surrendered the MILFORD to French privateers whilst on passage from Harwich to Holland, 135 men, 32 guns, (385)T. on 7 Jan., 1696/7.

4. MILFORD, 32, 5th Rate (374)T. Built at Woolwich as SCARBROUGH by J. Lawrence. Added 15 Feb., 1693/4. Surrendered to French as SCARBROUGH, 32, on 18 July, 1694; recaptured by PLYMOUTH and RYE as (374 35/94)T. and re-added as MILFORD, 32, 5th Rate 15 Feb. 1696/7. She was present with FOWEY, 32, when ROMNEY, 50, entered Malaga Bay and captured French MAGNANIME, 16, privateer, also assisted to drive ashore CONTENT, 60, under Cape de Gata and captured MERCURE, 42, in 1705. Present but escaped with ENTERPRIZE, 20, to Leghorn when RESOLUTION, 70, fought two 80 gun two 70 gun one 68 gun and one 58 gun French ships (the RESOLUTION was beached and burnt to avoid capture) in March, 1707. She was lost as a 20-gun ship in 1720.

5. MILFORD, 44, 5th Rate. Built by J. Allin, Jnr, at Deptford as ADVICE, 54, 4th Rate. Added 8 July, 1712. Reduced to 5th Rate (714) T. and renamed MILFORD 23 May, 1744. She fought an action with the French off Cape Nicholas 3 Aug., 1746.

6. MILFORD, 28, 6th Rate (589)T. Launched at Neyland (opposite Pembroke) Milford Haven 20 Sept., 1759. Captured the American CABOT after having driven her ashore, then re-floated her. She was on convoy duty in the Bristol Channel 1762; fought at Ushant 27 July, 1778, and was sold in 1785.

7. MILFORD, 78, 3rd Rate (1919)T. Laid down originally at Jacob's Yard, Milford (now Milford Haven) in June, 1798. Richard Fenton mentions her in his letters dated 1807 (published in 'Tour in Quest of Genealogy,' 1811, by a Barrister) as having been jacked up and a new keel fitted; also that some birds had nested in her timbers, where she lay seasoning. She was completed by the senior Barralier, who was responsible for several ships (see footnote to cxlv. 448) and was launched 1 Apr., 1809 when the yard had become a Government yard. She cost £35,818 (against the contract price in private yards of £68,616) a great saving which was also the case with the LAVINIA

and NAUTILUS. She was flagship in the Adriatic and fought at Fiume 3 July, 1813; and at Trieste in October, 1813, being eventually taken to pieces in 1846. She was the last MILFORD.

There was one other vessel built at Neyland, Milford Haven-HIBERNIA laid down 1762, renamed PRINCE OF WALES in 1763 and launched in 1764, and she was a 3rd rate 74 guns (1623)T. The vessels built at Jacob's Yard, afterwards the Government yard at Milford (now Milford Haven), were:1804. 1806. 1809. above.

NAUTILUS, 18, sloop (443)T.
LAVINIA, 48, 5th Rate (1172)T.

MILFORD, 78, 3rd Rate (1919)T. as

1811. PORTSMOUTH, transport (317)T. Became a coal depot at Woolwich. Contemporary historians state she was named WOOLWICH, but the Admiralty Librarian states PORTSMOUTH.

1812.-SURPRISE, 46, 5th Rate (1072)T. 1813. MYRMIDON, 20, ship sloop (509)T. 1814. ROCHFORT, 80, 2nd Rate (2082)T. The Milford Yard was closed down, and the Pembroke Dockyard opened in its place in June, 1814. The lease had expired and was not renewed for financial reasons, thus the yard came to be used for building merchant craft. It can still be located near the Old Smoke-Curing House. There was also a yard at Jacob's Pill, Pennar Mouth, Pembroke, where Sir J. Reed, C.B., F.R.S., M.P., &c., launched the ACORN, 8, single screw composite gun vessel (970) T., 167 feet length, in 1884. All the other King's ships built in the Haven were launched from Pembroke Dockyard. By a strange chance the ACORN was broken up at Castle Pill entrance in 1905. JOHN A. RUPERT-JONES.

FOLK-ETYMOLOGY: TOW LAW.-The other day a maid-servant from the county of Durham mentioned a place of this name in the neighbourhood of Wolsingham. I said it was a strange title, and wondered what it meant. I supposed Law signified hill. She said the village was on a hill and that it was because the first house built was set too far down the slope that it was named Tow Law ("too low")-for such is speech of Durham.

ST. SWITHIN.

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SIR JOHN COPE.-In 1745 Sir John Cope was in command of the army was defeated by the adherents of the Young Pretender at Prestonpans. The D.N.B.' does not give the date of his birth, but states that he entered the army as a cavalry officer and held the rank of Cornet in 1707: he died in 1760.

Amongst the Directors of the Bank of England there were two persons of this name, one of whom held office from 1695 to

1701 and the other from 1706 to 1722.

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"Sir John Cope" was one of the English Commissioners appointed in 1707 to manage the payment of the " Equivalent" granted to Scotland by the Act of Union, and it seems likely that he was the younger of the Bank Directors of that name. Can he also be identified with the commander of the English army at Prestonpans? I should be

grateful for any information concerning the Cope family.

W. MARSTON ACRES. Threadneedle Street, E.C.

HE DAUGHTER OF GUSTAVUS VASA THE -Can any of your readers give me information on the subject of Cecilia, daughter of Gustavus Vasa of Sweden (1560 -1611) who came to England and died here at the age of 87?

(Mrs.) F. COMPTON MACKENZIE.

EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

LONDON SCHOOLS.-I should be very much obliged for any information as to the schools existing in the neighbourhood of St. Giles'-in-the-Fields in the first fifteen years or so of the eighteenth century, and whether any of their records still exist.

HUGH BEAVER.

"PINE END." I have recently received from the Corporation of the locality in which I reside a return, in which some questions are asked about my property: Among particulars asked for, which do not concern me, are such as include information about payments received for " a pine end or other outer wall let for advertisements.” What is a pine end" "?

C. W.

PORTRAIT OF MRS. THWAYTES, 1845

or 1846.-In 1845 or 1846 a Portrait of Mrs. Thwaytes,' by A. E. Chalon, R. A., was exhibited at Burlington House.

The Art Union refers to "the lady here painted-whose humble name has been transformed from Thwaites into Thwaytes, we "" -as the hope by order of the artist only "widow of that respectable grocer who married when he was vending figs by the bequeathed a sugar-plum to the wife he pennyworth," and complains that she has commissioned Mr. A. E. Chalon to paint her ten thousand pounds' worth of diamonds and her face (for £500)," exhibiting the homely daw in the peacock's feathers-not borrowed but bought in the place of honour in the British Royal Academy.

Who was Mrs. Thwaytes, and why did her portrait, however many jewels she wore, cause such a bitter attack from the critic?

Ten thousand pounds' worth of diamonds, bought, not borrowed, scarcely agrees with the statement that her husband bequeathed her a sugar-plum," unless the lady had a fortune of her own or an ample settlement.

P. D. M.

ORDER OF THE GOLDEN FLEECE.

The principal device in the collar of the Spanish as well as the Austrian Order of the Golden Fleece is steel and flint implements for the making of fire. Can any reader give me any further information on this matter, especially the origin of the composition of the collar. LOUIS ZETTERSTEN.

PREDECESSORS OF THE CINEMA (Vide Two Hundred Years Ago,' ante p. 38).-What were the moving pictures of the famous showman Fawkes? Are there records of this sort of entertainment by others in the early eighteenth century?

In Terry Ramsaye's excellent history of the motion picture, A Million and One Nights' (New York, 1926) the first machine that actually presented a semblance of motion in images is credited to Plateau and Stampfer in 1832. In Ghent and in Vienna the two men independently arrived at a device by which pictures of phases of motion, placed in succession on the rim of a disc, and viewed through a slit in another disc placed over it, seemed one picture in motion when the discs were twirled (i. 12).

Of course, in 1640 Athanasius Kircher had shown at the Jesuit College in Rome his magic lantern. His pictures, painted on glass, and projected by a lamp and a lens, were changed by the use of a revolving drum. (Ramsaye, i. 6-7). Is it possible that Fawkes had a magic lantern like this, and

ARMS OF RUSELL OF THAT ILK.According to Papworth's Ordinary of British Armorials' (London: T. Richards -1874), this family bore, Argent, a chev ron between three pavets (or tadpoles) sable. According, however, to Sir James Balfour Paul's Ordinary of Arms contained in the Public Register of all Arms and Bearings in Scotland' (Edinburgh. William Green and Sons, 1893) Russell of that Ilk is registered as bearing, Argent, a lion rampant gules between two crescents sable and many suns proper; on a chief azure three mullets of the first. Which is correct?

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T. F. D. L EONARD FAMILY OF AMERICA.There have lately been found among some family papers, which have been stored away for many years, two charts, giving some descendants of Sampson Leonard and his wife Margaret, Baroness Dacre, and claiming descent from them for the Leonard