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Glasgow and the Lord Mayor of Belfast on whom it has been in modern times conferred by grant. Colonel Woodcock referred to an appeal on the subject made some years ago to the Garter King at Arms who gave it as his opinion that in all the cities where the dignity of Lord Mayor had been created the prefix Right Honourable" should be

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allowed. To this Sir William JoynsonHicks replied that Garter had been asked twice in 1893, when he gave an incorrect opinion and in 1903 when he gave the correct one. He added that he did not act in the matter unless his attention was called to it. THE White Swan Hotel at Stratford-on

Avon is the scene of a pleasant discovery: wall-paintings, brought to light by alteration, in the course of which some seventeenth century panelling had to be removed. The room which contains them was built in the fifteenth century and late fifteenth century seems to be the date of the painting. This is fresh and well preserved, and has its details clear, though the skin of fine plaster which bears it is inclined to flake away. The subject of so much as has been uncovered is the story of Tobias: three events are depicted, and explained by labels, the whole being set in a border. The style is not of any special excellence, though it has liveliness and vigour; but survivals of English wall-painting are few, so that an additional specimen is much to be prized. Professor Tristram has been appealed to for advice about means for preventing further flaking.

A WHITE Paper just issued by the Board of Trade shows that some improvement has been made in preventing the pollution of the sea round the British coast by oil. Much, however, still remains to be done, particularly off the Sussex coast, in the Bristol Channel, and at the mouth of the Mersey. The Board has sent questions to 120 local authorities, and to officials and watchers of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. From Eastbourne comes the gloomy answer that the sea-birds, and diving species particularly, are being rapidly exterminated.

THE Paris correspondent of the Morning

Post (July 26) sends an account of the blessing of a long stream of motor cars on Monday last at St. Christopher's Church, in the rua de la Convention, Paris. For the Latin form of benediction the automobiles were transformed into "fire chariots." St.

Christopher, as is well known, is the great protector against accidents, and the everincreasing dangers of the road in general and Paris streets in particular might well prompt recourse to him. His cult, this writer says, is growing in France, and if the visitor to Paris looks carefully at the dashboard of his taxi he will often see there a portrait of the Saint under whose safeguard the driver has placed himself and his car-and let us hope he gave a thought to his fare in doing so.

Two Hundred Years Ago.

From The

LONDON JOURNAL.
SATURDAY, July 29, 1727.

We understand that Mr. John Foffard, mention'd in our laft, who by his late Majefty's Command, laid before the Rt. Hon. the Lords of the Admiralty a compleat Method for finding out the Latitude at any Hour of the Day or Night, whether known or unknown, as often as Observation can be made, on any practical Point of the Globe, whether by Land or Sea, if he meets with Encouragement suitable to the great Service this Difcovery will be of to the World, will demonftrate the Longitude both by Obfervation and Practice.

Tuesday came Advice (by way of Holland) that 15 of our Greenland Ships had caught 25 Whales, but that one of them, named the Caledonia, Capt. Perdie, which had caught 3, was loft; the Succefs of the 7 others is not known, nor that of the 3 Ships that went for Davis's Streights.

On Wednesday the Right Honourable the Lord Chancellor, with feveral Lords of his Majefty's most Hon. Privy Council, met at the Ufher's Houfe within the Receipt of the Exchequer, for trying the Pix, a strong Box kept in the Mint containing Specimens of all the Gold and Silver Coins made there fince the laft Trial. The Officers of the Mint attended on that Occafion, and a Jury of able and fkilful Men out of the Company of Goldsmith's, fworn before the Lord Chancellor, try'd the faid Coins before their Lordfhips, and found them to be according to the Standard.

On Thurfday_came the News of the Dolphin, Capt. Robinson, from Greenland, being arrived in Yarmouth Road, with two Whales on board.

Literary and Historical 49, according to his tombstone in Bursledon

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An interesting account of the Hamble River, now a yachting centre, appeared in the Hampshire Field Club and Archeological Society's Journal Vol. vi., part iii. (1909) by Mr. H. W. Trinder, who tells us that Edward III named and saw launched our first man-of-war the ST. GEORGE, on St. George's Day, 1338.

From another source we learn, that one of the several vessels named HENRI GRACE ▲ DIEU, built in 1418, was burnt at Bussleton in 1439.

The next entry found is a note on the 1698 Survey of the Bussleton River:

here likewise hath been built some of the 80

and 60 gun ships with great accommodation and security.

Sergison confirms this statement when he gives the following ships in his list of additions 1688-1719:

DEVONSHIRE, 80, 3rd Rate (1158)T.* William Wyatt builder. Added 6 May, 1692. WINCHESTER, 60, 4th Rate (933)T. William Wyatt builder. Added 11 Apr., 1693. LANCASTER, 80, 3rd Rate (1198)T. William Wyatt builder. Added 3 Apr., 1694. CUMBERLAND, 80, 3rd Rate (1219)T. William Wyatt builder. Added 12 Nov., 1695. It was this Wyatt family who succeeded Richard Herring as shipbuilders at Bucklers Hard in the River Bewly, and preceded M. Janvrin, who was followed by Henry Adams in 1749. It was Mrs. Wyatt who built Winchelsea 5th Rate (358)T: at Redbridge, Hampshire; and at Woodbridge River Stour, Essex, Mrs. Mundy built the Ludlowe, 32, 5th Rate (381 86/94)T. which the Sergison MS. distinctly states was built by Ann Wyatt at Woodbridge (added 12 Sept., 1698). Had she married Mundy?

SEAFORD, 24. 6th Rate (293)T. Richard Herring. Purchased and added 27 Dec., 1695.

Philemon Ewer, who died in 1750 aged Churchyard, built seven large ships of war.

Lord Anson's List 1747/50 gives the following:

FALKLAND, 50, 4th Rate (974)T. Rebuil by_ Ph. Ewer. 1743/4.

Ewer. 1744.

LIZARD 14, Sloop (272) T.

Built by Ph.

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SALISBURY, 4th Rate (976)T. at East Cowes in 1745, and the

VANGUARD, 70, 3rd Rate (1419)T. also at East Cowes in 1748.

THE BADGER, 14, Sloop (274)T. was built at Hamble by Mr. Janvrin, 1745.

After a lapse of ten years without information we have

GRIFFIN, 28, 6th Rate (598)T. Built by R. Ewer 1758. Wrecked near Barbuda W.I. October, 1760.

And then a silence until H. Parsons and Thomas Cockham built King's Ships, as follows:

1780. Fox, 32, 5th Rate (697)T. Parsons.

H.

QUEBEC, 32, 5th Rate (699 81/96)T. 1781. H. Parsons.

ARDENT, 64, 4th Rate (1422)T. 1782. H. Parsons. The Ardent was not the previous vessel of this name rebuilt. That had surrenreded in August, 1779, was recaptured by Lord Rodney's forces 12 Apr., 1782, and was added as TIGER, being sold in 1784. THALIA, 36, 5th Rate (881)T. 1782. Parsons.

H.

PHOENIX, 36, 5th Rate (884) T. 1783. H.

Parsons.
Edye states that she was built at
Burlesdon. Sergison is silent on place of
construction.

Tonnage is tons burthen when in brackets.

CRESCENT, 36, 5th Rate (887 85/94)T. 1784. Thos. Cockham.

WOOLWICH, 44, 5th Rate (907)T. 1785. BLANCHE, 32, 5th Rate (722)T. 1786.

DOVER, 44, 5th Rate (905)T. 1786. ELEPHANT, 74, 3rd Rate (1617)T. 1786. H. Parsons from the design of Sir Thomas Slade. This was the temporary flag-ship commanded by Captain Thos. Foley, who paced the quarter-deck with Lord Nelson at Copenhagen, when it suited him to fail to see Admiral Hyde Parker's signal; and it was from the planks of this vessel's quarter-deck that Captain Thos. Foley had the coffin made in which he was buried. See Nelson's Captains.'

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BLONDE, 32, 5th Rate (682)T. 1787. CAMBRIAN, 40, 5th Rate (1160)T. 1797. Sir J. Henslow. Wrecked 31 Jan., 1828.

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1810.

HOTSFUR, 36, 5th Rate. SIRIUS, 46, 5th Rate. 1813. Designed by Sir W. Rule.

RAINBOW, 44, 5th Rate (821)T. was built in 1747 by Rt. Carter at Lymehouse Charnock appears to have confused her with the ASSURANCE given above and calls her a Bursledon built ship.

At Warsash opposite Hamble in the same river were built:.

NYMPHE, 46, 5th Rate (1807)T. by Sir Wm. Rule's design in 1812. LAUREL, 46, 5th Rate (1088) T. by Sir Wm. Rule's design in 1813.

2.

BUCKLERS HARD AND BEWLY (BEAULY,
BEAULIEU).

The 1698 Survey of Beuly River bears the note :

One of the 4th Rates hath been built a mile below the said Town (Beuly).

There are three lists of the King's Ships built at Bucklers Hard in the Beaulieu River. By far the most important of these, by the Rev. G. N. Godwin, B.D., appeared in the Hampshire Field Club Journal Vol. ii. Part i. (1891) pp. 59-76. The second is Buckler's Hard and its Ships' by John, Second Lord Montagu of Beaulieu published February, 1909; and the third is

included in the charming Guide to the New Forest by Heywood Summer, F.S.A., Ringwood, 1st ed. 1924, 2nd ed. 1925. This last is from the Hampshire Antiquary Vol. ii., which volume I have not seen-it is incomplete. Lord Montagu claims John, second Duke of Montagu, as Founder of Bucklers Hard. He was born 1689 and died 16 July, 1749. He was styled Lord Monthemer 1702 to 9 March 1708/9. He was Lord Lieutenant of Northamptonshire and of Warwickshire in 1715, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society 13 March, 1716/7. Sergison's list, however, gives:

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SALISBURY, 48 4th Rate (681 67/94)T. Built by Richard Herring at Bucklers Hard in the River Bewly and added to the Royal Navy 18 Apr., 1698." when His Grace was scarce nine years of age.

Wyatt and Major built two vessels at Bewly :

SURPRISE, 24 (508)T. 1745.
SCORPION, 18 (276)T. 1746.

M. Janvrin who built the BADGER at Hamble in 1745 next took over the establishment and built at Bewly :

GREENWICH, 50 (1053)T. 1747/8.
FOWEY, 24 (513)T. 1749.
WOOLWICH, 44, (829)T. 1749.

Henry Adams who had assisted at the building of at least three of the foregoing now appears to have taken over the Yard. He built as follows:

MERMAID, 24, 553. Built at Bewly 1756. LYON, 4, Transport (151)T. Built at Beaulieu 1753. She is not included in 1762 Lists.

GIBRALTAR, 20, 6th Rate (430)T. Built Beaulieu 1756. Broken up 1773.

Sailing Lighter (56)T. Bucklers Hard.

1757.

COVENTRY, 28, 6th Rate (599)T. Beaulieu. 1757. Surrendered to French in Bay of Bengal 1782.

THAMES, 32, 5th Rate (656)T. 1758. Surrendered to French in 1793. Re-captured 7 June, 1796.

LEVANT, 28, 6th Rate (590) T. (Also repaired Bucklers Hard in April, 1771). 1758. HEYLING, 4, hoy (132)T. Bucklers Hard 1760. H. Adams.

EUROPA, 64, 4th Rate (1369)T. Designed by William Bately. Built at Lepe 1765. Afterwards renamed Europe. HANNIBAL, 50, 5th Rate (1054)T. GREYHOUND, 28, 6th Rate (617)T. 1773. Wrecked near South Sand Heads, Deal, 1781.

1779. July,

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SNIPE, 14, Gun Brig. 1801. EURYALUS, 42, 5th Rate (946)T.

6 June,

HOUND, 18, Sloop. March, 1776. Sur- 1803. Designed by Sir W. Rule renamed rendered to French 14 July, 1794.

PELICAN. 24, 6th Rate. Apr., 1777. Lost in W.I. hurricane, 1 Aug., 1781. PACIFIC, 20, Sloop. Rebuilt December, 1777.

ROMULUS.

December, 1777.

HYDRA, 24. (Sold out of Service, April, 1783.) Ápril, 1778.

SYBILLE, 28 (renamed GARLAND) (599) T. January, 1779.

PANDORA, 24, Sloop. May, 1779. Wrecked 28 Aug., 1791 whilst surveying Endeavour Strait, Australia.

BRILLIANT, 28, 6th Rate (600) T. May, 1779. Fourth of this name in British Service. Broken up 1811.

ZEPHYR, 24. May, 1779.

AGAMEMNON, 64, 4th Rate (1384)T. April, 1781. Wrecked in River Plate 20 June, 1809.

GLADIATOR, 44 (882)T. 1782/3. Fitted at Liverpool. Famous Court Martial. Never went to sea.

HEROINE, 32, 5th Rate (779)T. April,

1783.

INDEFATIGABLE, 64 (1384)T.

November,

1783. Reduced to 44-gun ship in 1794 at some other yard.

SHEERNESS, 44 (905)T. July, 1787. ILLUSTRIOUS, 74, 3rd Rate. July, 1789.

Wrecked at Avenza 14 Mar., 1795.

Chain Boat (30)T.; Sailing Lighter (119)T.; Long Boat. November-December, 1789.

BEAULIEU, 40, 5th Rate (1020)T. Purchased May, 1790. Broken up 1809.

SANTA MARGARITA, 36. Was a Spanish Prize. Rebuilt April, 1793.

CERBERUS, 32, 5th Rate (796) T. 14 Sept., 1794. Naval Chronicle says built at Southampton.

Mooring Lighter (90)T. June, 1794. BITTERN, 16, Tender (422)T. 7 Apr., 1796. Designed by Sir J. Henslow. Sold 1833.

BOADICEA, 46, 5th Rate (1052)T. 12 April, 1797.

SNAKE, 16, Brigantine. 1797.
ABUNDANCE, 24, Storeship. 30 Sept., 1799.
VIXEN, 14, Gun Brig. 1799.

SPENCER, 74, 3rd Rate. 10 May, 1800. AIGLE, 42, 5th Rate (990) T. 23 Sept., 1801. Designed by Sir J. Henslow razed at Chatham to 24-gun in 1831. Was a

AFRICA in 1852.

SWIFTSURE, 74, 3rd Rate (1724)T. 1804. Sir J. Henslow. Sold 1845.

STARLING, 14, Gun Brig. (Laid down as COLUMBINE, 14). 1805.

SABRINA. Naval Chronicle states built at Mr. Adams' Yard, Southampton. 1806. COLUMBINE, 18, Sloop. 1806. Wrecked off Island of Sapienza 25 Jan., 1824.

HUSSAR, 46, 5th Rate (1077)T. 1807. Was Receiving Ship at Chatham 1852, &c. VICTORIOUS, 74, 3rd Rate (1724)T. 1808. Sir J. Henslow. She was not broken up in 1814 but was a Receiving ship. Vide Lord Melville's list 1830/46.

HANNIBAL, 74, 3rd Rate (1749)T.
Designed by Sir J. Henslow.
VENGEUR, 74, 3rd Rate. 1810.
MEDINA, 20, Ship Sloop (460)T.
Designed by Sir Wm. Rule. Sold 1832.
FOWEY, 18, Sloop.

1813.

1810.

1813.

CARRON, 18, Sloop (wrecked near Poree, India, 6 July, 1820). 1813. TAY, 18, Sloop. 1814.

JOHN A. RUPERT-JONES.

(To be concluded.)

SARDEGNA.

THE GRANATIERI DI
THE TALE OF A FAMOUS REGIMENT.

(See ante pp. 21, 39, 57).

THE years after Waterloo saw more organic

changes, both in the Regiment and in the army as a whole, than any other. After some hesitation conscription, already previously enforced by the French Republicans in Piedmont, was reintroduced. The old divisions between the regular regiments and the militia was finally abolished, the militia were absorbed into the regular army and each regular regiment became a nucleus to be expanded in war time to the strength of a brigade. The brigade to which the Guards belonged was to be brought up to its full complement by the addition of the Grenadier companies of various militia regiments, who were thus incorporated with the Guards. These Grenadiers, however, complained bitterly of their reduction to the status of ordinary Fusiliers; and the problem was solved by raising the Fusiliers

of the Guards to the status of Grenadiers and the name of the corps became Brigade of the Grenadier Guards. It was originally composed of two regiments of Grenadiers, i.e., four battalions, and in order to raise the number of battalions to six, the correct number for a brigade, a famous regiment was incorporated in the Brigade. The old Regiment of Foot of Sardinia, raised when Victor Amedeo II became King of Sardinia, had been turned into light infantry (Cacciatori) in 1816 and given the name "Cacciatori Guardie." Guardsmen joined Guardsmen, but in order to respect the amour propre of a proud regiment, the brigade was divided into three regiments of two battalions each (four of Grenadiers and two of Light Infantry) instead of two regiments of three battalions each.

The new

"Guards' Brigade" gave, however, as well as received. During this period Alessandro La Marmora, Captain in the Grenadiers, founded the famous Bersaglieri; and Giuseppe Vayra, sergeant of the Grenadiers, was the first to don the familiar green uniform. That famous corps is therefore a direct off-shoot of the Guards.

In the war of 1848 the Brigade of Guards showed that an increase in numbers from a regiment to a brigade did not necessarily involve a dilution of their good qualities. Under the command of Victor Emmanuel in person they turned defeat into victory at Goito and earned, as their regimental motto, their leaders' appeal "A me le Guardie!" ("Follow me, Guards ").

At the first battle of Custoza, though wearied by the heat, a long march and lack of food, they only just failed to turn the fortune of the day. When the time came for Piedmont to win the leadership of Italy at the price of blood and suffering on the day of Novara, the Guards were denied the privilege of adding their quota to the national sacrifice by being kept in observation on a flank all day, and never fired a shot. What made the tragedy complete was that Novara was the last action in which they took part under their old regimental name. Α new re-organisation in 1850 abolished the Brigade of Guards and left in its stead the Brigade Granatieri di Sardegna.'

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The name was new and the organisation was new, for the Brigade now consisted of two regiments of four battalions each, but it was after all only the outward trappings which had changed. We have noted the

behaviour of the Grenadiers in victory, we must see them now in the day of defeat.

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In 1866 the numerous Italian Army crossed the Mincio, its divisions scattered over wide front, without any idea as to where the enemy was, and advanced due east. The Archduke Albert was thus able to hurl the whole of his inferior army from the north against the Italian left. The key to the field of battle was the hills round Custoza on the northern extremity of the Italian front. Custoza itself is situated on

high ground which extends for some distance towards the north. On the east, separated from Custoza by a valley, are two hills, Monte Torre and Monte Croce, forming a continuous ridge running from a point due east of Custoza in a north-easterly direction. Some distance to the north of these features was some high ground running roughly from west to east, which was very useful, to an enemy intending to attack the Italian left, as a screen from behind which to launch his attack. La Marmora, the Conmander-in-Chief, expected to fight in the plains to the east of the hills round Custoza and had posted the Grenadiers accordingly, while in actual fact 50,000 Austrians were already concentrated behind the high ground to the north, within striking distance.

At 8 o'clock a violent artillery fire began to rake the positions of the Granatieri di Sardegna; and to the front, which was facing east, had to be hurriedly changed so as to face north. The first regiment of the Granatieri di Sardegna held Monte Torre, while the 2nd Regiment occupied Monte Croce further to the east. On the left of the Brigade the newly formed brigade of the Lombard Grenadiers, another off-shoot of the old Guards' Brigade, covered Custoza. Scarcely had the new position been taken up than a heavy mass of Austrians, 7,000 strong, Werckbecker's Brigade, advanced on Monte Croce. Two other Austrian brigades, Böck and Scudier, 16,000 strong, advanced against the 1st Grenadiers on Monte Torre and the Lombard Grenadiers. Fortunately the enemy attacked by successive detachment instead of massing for one decisive blow. Werckbecker's 7,000, who made the first attack on the 2nd Grenadier Regiment were duly repulsed. A second attack by troops of Werckbecker and Böck on Monte Torre was met by two battalions of the 1st Grenadiers. This time numbers prevailed and the Austrians reached the top of the hill. There, however, Lieutenant-Colonel

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