manu first and unrevised manuscript. MR. begin by proving the soundness of this fresh means [i.e., which he describes as his own at foot of p. 311] of collating evidence,”—and forthwith he commences his cross-country flight with "(1) The Salt-roads." The student reads on, expecting that the writer will, at least, fully justify the critical attitude which he observes towards former and living philologists (cf. p. 313, re Wyke and (Lat.), vicus), when he is arrested by the astonishing statement (p. 312, col. 2) that "Salt is of Roman origin," and this is repeated afresh in order to enforce the information (at the foot of col. 1, p. 314)—" the Latin word Salt began to be applied to places," etc. It would manifestly be of serious consequence (safearrival or nose-dive) to the setting forth of the doctrines thus elaborated by him in your columns for our enlightenment about Salt if it be clearly stated that this is a fundamental etymological error, and that the mere persistence of the potent consonant t triumphantly proves it! Finally, let us all congratulate one another that a hare which has been running so briskly for some two centuries should still give such excellent sport. I am not certain that MR. THOMPSON may not catch him in the end, but it is better not to be too cocksure with a hare who has shown himself to be so elusive. JOHN BERESFORD. It would be of further interest to be informed when and why the old annexe was removed, and when and why a new one was built. The authorities are just completing cleansing the stone façade. WALTER E. GAWTHORP. A NEGLECTED FACTOR IN PLACE. NAMES (cliii. 311, 327).—The writer of the above contribution no doubt provides some ground for interesting controversy which may or may not be taken up by those qualified seriously to contest several of his statements. I would merely ask why he should imagine (or rather insist) that the Hwicce must have been named as the salt-folk-or, that this point had not long ago been raised and most cautiously gone into by leading place-name scholars since the late Mr. Duignan (cf. his 'Worcestershire Place-Names,' Salt-Street and re Wiccii and Wick; pp. 141-4 and 175-8.-1905) with particular attention to certain etymological problems involved in the names of ancient kingdoms and rivers. MR A. WATKINS writes "I propose to The Latin word for salt was Sal; and the Roman saltways were called via salaria, not saltaria. Consequently the t in English salt did not come from Latin at all! It came from the very ancient Aryan element -ta, whence both Icelandic, O.E., and other Teutonic languages acquired, and still keep, it. Consequently, O.E. sealt was merely cognate with (Latin) sal, (Gk.) aλs, (W.) halen, (Erse) salann; a word kindred to, but not the offspring of, Latin. I shall merely venture to add, regarding whit-white (in the various White-ways referred to) that they remained still stonepaven in early Saxon days; and this, and not the salt-traffic, it was that gave rise (in chalk and oolite districts) to the name "Whiteway." For, when a Saxon charter of c. 800 A.D. is defining the boundaries of Withington (Glos.) and the scribe meets with a road now known as "The White-way," dropping down to the r. Coln, he names it on ealdan stanwege that is a paved (i.e. Roman) track or waythe identical name upon it that apparently at the distance of 12 m. northward, after Roel and Sudeley or Salters Hill, has been preserved in the villages of Stanway and Wood Stanway to-day. STUDENT. OLD CHESHIRE THEATRES (cliii. 279, 321).—In addition to the Cheshire Sheaf and MR. CANN HUGHES' valuable collection, I should strongly advise MR. BROADBENT to consult the old files of the Chester Courant ! JOSEPH C. BRIDGE. in A COW AND THE GREAT CHICAGO FIRE (cliii. 263).—There is no direct evidence that the animal was to blame. an article in the Chicago Tribune of 20 Oct., 1927, headed True Story of Chicago Fire Told at Last,' Mrs. Nellie L. Hayes, who was thirteen years old at the time of the fire, and lived a block away from the O'Learys, tells her recollection of its start. Every evening I used to go thru the alley to the O'Leary barn to get our milk. The O'Learys owned three cows and had a four room house. Like nearly everyone else in those days, they took in roomers. There was a couple living in the O'Leary home with a new baby. The three cows were housed in a little shed and the middle cow was hard to manage. If the cow saw the pail, up would go her tail and out would go her legs. But she was a grand milker. At about nine o'clock at night Mrs. Hayes' mother called her attention to a fire down the alley. I ran out to the fire. As I came near I saw flames coming out from between the boards of the O'Leary barn. There was no one about, no one in the barn. I ran to the house and tapped on the window. The flames began to spread to the adjoining barns ard the people began to save things from their honses. One woman tried to throw a feather be tik from an upper window. A spark caught it. That was the second big blaze. O'Leary, his family and their roomers hid in Mrs. Hayes' house for a week. There were threats of lynching O'Leary. He finally made his get-away dressed as a woman. What happened in that barn? No one will ever know. gone into the barn with a lantern, or a candle, to milk the cow late that evening to get some fresh milk. The lantern was found on the floor, but it had always been hung on the hook for the night and would naturally have fallen. Something must have been left in the barn that started a slow fire. It did not happen when tell them about the fire first. the O'Learys were up, anyway, for I had to If the cow was not responsible, the O'Learys Mrs. Hayes were certainly irresponsible. neglects to mention that oyster soup was not the only beverage at christening parties those days. Winnetka, Illinois. PAUL MCPHARLIN. A List of Deaths for the year 1752. 12. Tho. Cooke, Esq., a director of the Bank, and one of the trustees of Sir John Morden's College, Blackheath, aged 80; a gentleman of extensive charity.-Agreeable to his own directions, he was attended to the grave by 12 poor house-keepers, belonging to a box-club at Newington, Surry [sic] of which he had long been a generous and useful member; they were each bequeathed a guinea and a suit of cloaths, and as much victuals and drink as they would have; but if any of them appeared to be fuddled after his interment, they forfeited his legacy, and were only to have half-a-crown for their day's work. His corpse was wrapped in a clean blanket, sew'd up, and, being put into a common coffin was conveyed, with the above attendants in three coaches, to the grave at Morden college, when the corps was taken out of the coffin and buried in a winding sheet, according to the Eastern custom. The coffin was left in the college for the first pensioner it would fit. Newington, Surry," is an error, as appears from the History and Antiquities of Stoke Newington,' by William Robinson, 1820, which gives, at p. 101, a short biography of this eccentric man, with an account of the funeral. Robinson, however, says that he was "buried in a winding-sheet upright in the ground according to the Eastern custom." Whether the "Eastern custom" refers to The family living in the the position or to the vesture of the corpse O'Leary house had a christening party that I leave my fellow-readers to judge. I have night. In those days oyster soup was always not been able to trace elsewhere any reference the big dish at parties. The day had been 80 hot that the milk spoiled. They may have to such a practice in the East. In a pencil note pinned to the bottom of the pedigree and apparently written about 1896, it is stated: My friend, Mr. Quintin Waddington, of 1878. Both are buried in the Old Churchthe Guildhall Museum, tells me that he yard. There was no issue of the marriage. believes the Moravians still inter their dead in this position, but he has had no opportunity to verify this. If this be so, may it not be germane to the practice cited by Sir Thomas Browne, bearing in mind that the Moravians are a Hussite sect? Has 2 nephews, H. Blaine, 11 Gledhow Gdns, South Kensington; Robt. Stickney Blaine, Summerhill, Bath. Mrs. D. P. Blaine's death in 1878 was officially reported to Mr. H. Blaine. He had a brother Benjamin Blaine. C. W. FIREBRACE, 69, Onslow Gardens, S.W. 7. Capt. TENNYSON PORTRAITS BY WATTS (cliii. 317).-The portrait of Tennyson by Watts in the National Portrait Gallery was painted in 1865. The group of Tennyson's two boys with their mother was given by the artist to Mrs. Tennyson in November, 1865, as soon as it was finished. See Alfred Lord Tennyson, a Memoir by his Son,' onevolume edition, pp. 440, 779, and O. von Schleinitz, George Frederick Watts (no. 73 of the "Künstler-Monographien," edited by H. Knackfuss, Bielefeld and Leipzig, 1904), pp. 49-51. The Memoir enumerates the following portraits of Tennyson by Watts: (1) a profile, now at Melbourne, painted in 1856; (2) a three-quarters, owned by Lady Henry Somerset, painted in 1858-9; (3) another, owned by Sir William Bowman, painted in 1859; (4) a full-face, in the National Portrait Gallery, 1865; (5) a threequarters, at Trinity College, Cambridge, painted in 1891 (or rather, 1890, see p. 736); (6) a replica of this last, which Watts made for his bequest to the nation. Von Schleinitz speaks of six different portraits" of Tennyson, done by Watts, and a statue of him for the city of Lincoln, but he does not specifically mention nos. (3) and (6) in the above list. After the portrait for Trinity College had been completed, says this writer, Watts began one of Tennyson in his doctoral robes, but this was not finished in 1903. Reference is made to illustrated articles on the portraits of Tennyson in general in The Magazine of Art for December, 1892, and January, 1893. L. R. M. STRACHAN. Birmingham University. WILL-O'-THE-WISP (cliii. 190, 231, 245, E CAMPION AND JOHN MYCHELL: HURLESTONE (cliii. 255, 300, 353).-I have the following notes about Randall Hurlestone. Harleian Society, vol. xxv. Marriage Licences. Bishop of London, p. 37. "Oct. 26, 1567. Randall Hurlestone, of City of London, Gent., and Margaret Longland, widow, of said parish; at St. Bartholomew in West, Smithfield." His place in the Hurlestone pedigree will be found in the Visitation of Cheshire (Harl. Soc., vols. xviii and lix). See also a reference to him in Catholic Record Society, vol. v., where he is wrongly called Hudleston. Accounts are there given of the trials of two priests, James Bell and John Finch, both of whom were tried at Lancaster by Randall Hurlestone and Brian Parker in April, 1584, and sentenced to death. Of Finch it says: " He was brought to be examined before Randall Hudelston and Brian Perker, both iustices of peace and commissioners in causes ecclesiasticall; mens of all theyr fellowes the most busie but of leste accounte and credite C. ROY HUDLESTON. MONKS AS TRADERS (cliii. 226, 269, 283). -The clergy have always been forbidden to engage in trade. In England this is sanctioned by Statute Law (1 and 2 Victoria, c. 106), see Phillimore Ecclesiastical Law (1895), p. 882. LAWRENCE PHILLIPS. Theological College, Lichfield. DOUBLE PISCINAS (cliii. 243, 303, 341). There are two very fine specimens in Southwell Cathedral, Nottinghamshire. I do not know of any existing in Staffordshire. A. E. DORAN. There is a triple piscina in Holy Trinity, Rothwell, Northamptonshire; an example which is, perhaps, unique. CLIFFORD C. WOOLLARD. sur priest, who also had adopted as his name that of his birthplace, Willoughby Waterless, 8 miles from Leicester, and the cradle of the Anglo-Norman Angerviles. But I find another member of this house who apparently did not make any change of surname on becoming a priest: Hic Jacet Thomas de Aungerville quondam Rector Ecclesie de Sabruchesworth Non Dec 1333-so says the much worn inscription on the slab to his memory in Sawbridgeworth Church, Herts. De Bury was a Benedictine monk; and his uncle Willoughby was also a monk of that, or some other order; but the Rector of Sawbridgeworth was probably merely "" a Clerk in Holy Orders"; and perhaps it was only regulars" who played tricks with their Glancing through the lists of Abbots and Priors of the principal pre-Reformation houses in England, the impression conveyed is that these dignitaries did not alter their names-most of the names mentioned being undoubtedly patronymics. Certainly this supposed custom of relinquishing the family name for that of the the nunneries. NAMES IN MONASTIC LIFE (cliii. 297). birthplace did not penetrate the seclusion of -Burton (the earliest historian of Leicestershire), and after him Nicholls remark apropos of Richard de Aungervile-known to posterity as Richard de Bury, the famous book-collecting Bishop of Durham (1281-1347) and author of the Philobiblon '—that · it was the use in these times to alter the name in entering religion, and take it from the place of birth; for by taking the religious habit they were dead persons in law, and their next heir would inherit. Aungervile was born at Bury in Suffolk, and so he came to take that name. Left an orphan, he was brought up by an uncle (his father's brother), John de Willoughby, a Sybilla Aucher was mitred Abbess of Wilton (1361-74) and made no change of name. Margeret Aucher, mitred Abbess of Shaftesbury, earlier in the same century, made no change either. ford, likewise made no change. Her aunt and predecessor, Margeret Gif John Aungier, Prior of Thurgarton (another representative house) who ob. 25 Henry VIII, also made no change. But this last named belonged to the very end of the ancient monastic régime; and what was customary under Edward III may well have become obsolete "Defender of the Faith." under our first 1781. Was serving as Prison Ship at Plythis she is shewn at Plymouth as Hamaoze up to 1813, but not as a prison ship. Steel's N.L. of 1814 does not include her. Shewn as a 74 in the Official N.L., September, 1814. There was another Bienfaisant, 22, French, destroyed by British Squadron under Byron, in Chaleur Bay, Labrador, 8 July, 1760. Speaking generally, then, it might almost seem that a change of surname upon entering the priesthood had always been rather a matter of choice than obligation, and perhaps not generally adopted outside the stricter monastic orders, and seldom, if ever, by the secular clergy. The instance of Hervey de Stanton would be a notable exception but for the fact that during the age in which he flourished I have found other members of his family who frequently styled themselves De Stanton, to the exclusion of their patronymic Aungier. Geoffrey de Stanton held a Kts. fee in Stanton in 1347." ('Feudal Aids '). Philip son and heir of Walter de Stanton." (Close Rolls,' 1335). Hervey de Stanton (son of Walter)" ob. 1347. Rector of Thornton, Suff., Elm, Cambs., etc. Evidently a cousin and contemporary and namesake of Hervey de Stanton, the judge, who seems to have looked after him as to ecclesiastical appointments. Herman son of Aunger de Stanton ('Patent Rolls,' 1357). The manor of Stanton, consisting of one knight's fee, was held by them of the Earls of Kent. C. J. B. A. She was added as 64-guns under her own name, and served at Ushant, 27 July, 1778; engaged San Domingo, 70, who blew up, whilst with Rodney at St. Vincent, 16 Jan., 1780; captured, with assistance of Charon, mouth, 1794, 95, '96, '99, and 1800; after 48, the French privateer Comte d' Artois, 64, on 13 Aug., 1780; Dogger Bank, 5 Aug., In the handwriting of James Cook (2) Master R.N. afterwards Captain R. N., F.R.S. "The Immortal Navigator." Prison Ships at Chatham, 1794-1803. HERO, 74, shewn 1794-99, then as Rochester (late Hero) in 1800. (P.S.) in River Medway. Built Plymouth, 1753; as (1574)T. BRISTOL, 64, shewn 1795/1800, either as (P.S.) or (H.S.) at Chatham. Built Sheermess, 1775, as (1049)T. Re EAGLE, 64, shewn 1796 as (P.S.) Chatham, built River Thames, 1774, as (1372)T. named Buckingham, c. 1800. She appears to have been (P.S.) at Gillingham in 1799 (vide Naval Chronicle). CAMPERDOWN, 74 (ex Jupiter). Captured from Dutch, 11 Oct., 1797, at Camperdown. Shewn 1799 to 1800 (P.S.) Chatham. GELYKHEID, 68. Captured from Dutch at Camperdown, 11 Oct., 1797. Shewn as (P.S.) Chatham, 1799-1800. VRYHEID, 74. Captured Camperdown, 11 Oct., 1797. from Dutch, at Shewn as (P.S.) Chatham 1799-1800. as (1869)T. (P.S.) Chatham 1800. Prison Ships at Chatham, 1813-14. Spanish at Trafalgar, 21 Oct., 1805. BAHAMA, 74, 3rd rate. Captured from CANADA, 74, 3rd rate (1605)T. Built Woolwich, 1765. FYEN,* 74, 3rd rate. Captured from Danes, 7 Sept., 1807. IRRESISTIBLE, 74 (ex Swiftsure), 3rd rate Sur(1621)T. Built River Thames, 1787. rendered 24 June, 1801. Re-captured at Trafalgar, 21 Oct., 1805. Added as IRRESISTIBLE. NASSAU, 64 (ex Holstein), 3rd rate. Captured from Danes, 2 April, 1801. prize added from Battle of Copenhagen). SAMPSON, † 64, 3rd rate. Built at Woolwich, 1781, (1380) T. Broken up 1840. (Only KRON PRINCEN, 74. Captured from Danes, 7 Sept., 1707, as Kron Prins Frederik. BRUNSWICK, 74, 3rd rate. Built Deptford, 1790 (1836)T. Taken to pieces, 1826. JOHN A. RUPERT-JONES. 1814. Shown at Gillingham 1813-14. Was P.S. at Plymouth in 1799 List. Shewn at Gillingham 1813 and at Chatham |