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table, the centre one making an oration, with his hand extended. The first of the three is Captain Henry Collins, R.N., died 1799 or 1800, of the family of Collins of Richmond, Surrey; the second is William Rugge, making the oration, born 1740; and the third Captain Toning-in uniform, with a sword at his side. The drawing measures 11 ins. by 9 ins., and is in the style of Hogarth. LEONARD C. PRICE.

Essex Lodge, Ewell.

ANDERSON.-Sir Edmund Anderson was Chief Justice of Northumberland Co. Of this line there was an Adam in Aberdeen, Scotland, 1602-1755. Richard and son Richard came to Va., 1635. Any information about these Andersons would be welcome.

KATHERINE K. ADAMS.

OSBORNE. -Adria Osborne came to Va., 1621. Was she sister or daughter of Thomas, who came in 1611?

KATHERINE K. ADAMS.

VON BOROUGHS, 1624.-In addition to being returned as Parliamentary Member,

Replies.

CHARLES I AND THE BANQUETING
HOUSE, WHITEHALL

(clii.

117, 173, 210, 247, 282, 299, 300, 336; cliii. 201, 219, 237, 335, 353).

A CLOSE inspection of, and continual reference to, Hollar's drawing of the Banqueting House, made about 1638, is necessary in order to follow the passages in the newsbooks amongst the Thomason tracts to which I am about to call attention. This drawing is a view from N.N.W., and depicts the north and west sides of the Banqueting House, with the Great Gate" or "Whitehall Gate" leading to King Street, on the south. On the left is shown the little gate to Whitehall, later on mentioned as the gate leading into the gallery from St. James's," then the annexe to the north side of the Banquet

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SIR PETER MUTTON, M.P. CARNAR-ing House, with its upper and lower window. To one feature in the picture I wish to draw of course) runs westwards from the north end special attention. A line of posts (wooden, of the Banqueting House proper, turning at right angles after some distance in order to run down south and end at the Great Gate between the footpassengers' entry and the carriage way. Later (post-Restoration) drawings also show a line of posts, but set

he was Lord Justice of North Wales. His
first wife was a twelve-year-old girl; he
married secondly, Margaret, daughter of Sir
William Griffith, Penrhyn. He died 1637.
What was the nature of his legal appoint-
ment?
ANEURIN WILLIAMS.

AUTHORS WANTED.-1. I should be glad
of information as to the authorship of the
following lines:-
:-

"Life is mostly froth and bubble
Two things stand alone,

Kindness in another's trouble,
Courage in our own."

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back close to the Banqueting House and not forming a square as these do.

The exact position of the scaffold has first to be ascertained. Sir Philip Warwick's 'Memoirs are as well known as those of Herbert, and very much more valuable. Sir Philip states that:

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A gentleman of my acquaintance that had so placed himselfe in Wallingford House [the site of the present Admiralty] that he could discern all that was done upon the scaffold, protested to me he saw him [the King] come out of the Banquetting House on the scaffold with the same unconcernedness and motion that he usually had when he entred it on a masque night.

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This is direct refutation of the hypothesis that the King did not come out of "the Banqueting House "on" the scaffold, but out of the "annexe" adjoining it. Wallingford House was nearest to this " annexe.

Sir William Dugdale, to whom Herbert's 'Memoirs' were addressed in the form of a the late troubles' in 1681. letter, in 1678, published his Short View of On p. 373 of this large book he says of the beheading of the King:

And such a sacrifice they really made him, upon the Tuesday following (which was the thirtieth of January) having (the more to affront and deject him) built a scaffold for his murther, before the Great Gate at Whitehall, whereunto they fixed several staples of iron, and prepared cords, to tye him down to the block, had he made any resistance to that cruel and bloody stroke.

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This indicates that the scaffold was fairly near the Great Gate, but is not precise enough, so that we must turn to the decision in the record of the regicides' proceedings in the Painted Chamber and follow it up in the newsbooks amongst the Thomason tracts. The original MS. of the Journal of the proceedings of the high court of justice' states that, on Jan. 29, the regicides ordered the King to be beheaded in the open streete before Whitehall," and, as is well known, the warrant, now at the House of Lords, repeats these #words. But Gilbert Mabbot, the Leveller, licenser of the Press, and, therefore, in touch with the regicides, varies this a little. In The Moderate, written by him, he explains their purpose by saying that they voted that the place of execution should be

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The Kingdom's Weekly Intelligencer states, under the date of 29 Jan. :

King) will suffer, and, to that purpose, It is believed that on to-morrow he (the the way is now railed in from Whitehall to the Great Gate as you go to King St., about the middle whereof it is said the scaffold will be erected.

The Perfect Weekly Account, corroborates:

There are rails making at Whitehall Gate amount to a scaffold, which may suddenly be and something else which is thought will finished, and it's probable that is the placedesigned for execution.

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Hollar's drawing is the only illustration in existence capable of supplying an answer to the question of where those rails were placed. On the posts, of course, and in order to fence off the scaffold, which was placed "in the middle of the enclosure thus made.

Any contention that the railings were not I placed upon these posts would involve the assumption that the posts were uprooted, in order to avoid accidents to the horse posted round the enclosure. Thus, the windows of the " "" annexe are again excluded, for they were outside the line of posts.

Next in point of time follow two passages

of the first importance. An account of all that happened on the 30th was issued by the regicides, and was probably written by Mabbot at their behest. Thomason has not dated his copy of the first edition of this pamphlet, so that it probably appeared on the 30th, and certainly not later than the 31st. The titlepage of this account runs:

King Charls [sic] His | Speech | made upon the Scaffold at Whitehall Gate Immediately before his execution | On Tuesday, the 30th of Jan., 1648. With a relation of the Maner [sic] of his going to Execution Published by special Authority London Printed by Peter Cole at the sign of the

Printing Press in Cornhil near the Royal exhibited there on the last visit of the King Exchange, 1649. of Denmark to James I."

This account describes the King's passage across the Park to Whitehall and adds that he was brought " from the Park up the stairs into the gallery, and so into the cabinet chamber where he used to lie." After some other details, it continues:

From thenco [the cabinet] he was accompanied by Dr. Juxon, Col. Thomlinson, and other officers formerly appointed to attend him, and the private guard of partizans, with musketeers on each side, through the Banqueting House adjoining to which the scaffold was erected between Whitehall Gate and the Gate leading into the gallery from St. James's. A marginal note adds:

It was near (if not in) the very place where the first blood in the beginning of the late wars was shed, where the King's Cavaliers fell upon the citizens, killed one and wounded about 50 others.

Nowhere are we told at what point of the west front of the Banqueting House the scaffold began, but as it was "in the middle" of the railings it cannot reasonably be contended that it overlapped or even touched them. Probably, for the sake of symmetry, it ran from the second "great window" to the sixth, inclusive.

The Moderate Intelligencer for Jan. 25Feb. 1, 1649, written by John Dillingham, who was personally loyal to the King, and a known enemy of Mabbot, the licenser, is the only one of the nine newsbooks which contains a full and independent account of the beheading of the King. The others say nothing, or more or less repeat the pamphlet I have just cited, for they were terrorized into silence.

But Dillingham's lengthy account is perhaps the most valuable narrative of the tragedy we possess. Up to the date of Jan. 30, 1926, when The Times re-printed it, it was unknown save by specialists like Sir Charles H. Firth and Miss Strickland. Sir Charles quoted it, in the passage set out in my last article. And Miss Strickland, in her Life of Queen Henrietta Maria ('Lives of the Queens of England,' vol. v, 1851) alluded to the passage I am about to quote as follows:

"Hacker

It is not surprising, therefore, to find that the passage I am about to cite has never before I cannot entered into this discussion. imagine how MR. THOMPSON missed it, if he Intellisaw this number of the Moderate gencer, for he certainly quotes a passage to be found later on in that same number:

This 30 of Jan., 1648 (9) was Charles, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, put to death by beheading, over against the Banqueting House of Whitehall, the place where formerly King James had all the fencers of London encountered each other in their school way for content of the King of Denmark, who came out of his kingdom to visit him, the scaffold being made from the same window, and in the same manner, only larger. This is fatal to the little window of the annexe " hypothesis.

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According to Edmund Howes's continuation of Stow's Annales,' the date of the exhibition before King Christian IV was Saturday, 30 July, 1614. But the first Banqueting House built by James I was burnt down on 12 Jan., 1619, and the present Banqueting House, commenced in the same year, was not finished until 1622.

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John Dillingham, of course, knew all these facts. Why, then, did he say that the scaffold was made " from the same window "? No other conclusion is possible but that he meant one of the seven great windows." Why he used the singular instead of the plural I am unable to state, but it is noticeable that Lambert van den Bos and Sir William Sanderson, both of whom wrote in 1658, also use the singular, the former writing of the " great window," and the latter of

the great window enlarged." Perhaps the reason is to be found in the fact that the scaffold ran along practically the whole front of the Banqueting House.

I do not think that I shall be far wrong in thinking that Sir Charles H. Firth's opinion that the King's window was the centre window was chiefly founded upon the very evident fact that the centre of the scaffold was opposite this centre window.

But this very fact excludes the centre winled the King through his former Banqueting dow. In the centre of the scaffold was the Hall, one of the windows of which had orig-block, with the axe lying upon it. Round the inally been contrived to support stands for block were four staples driven into the scafpublic pageantries." The footnote to this fold and hauling-tackle-hooks, pulleys and gives an incorrect reference, "The Moderate ropes-with which to drag the King down to Intelligencer, January 1648/9," and proceeds the block, which was only six inches high. "which adds that a show of fencers had been The King's repeated injunction to

Take

heed of the axe" should be recalled in this connexion. He was anxious that people should not trip up over the staples or tackle and tread or fall upon the axe, and thus either blunt its edge or hurt themselves. About the staples I have some conclusive evidence, corroborating Dugdale. Hammond, the master carpenter at Whitehall, was ordered to provide the scaffold, and employed Robert Lockier to build it. Owing to an accusation brought against another man after the Restoration, the Privy Council ordered Sir Richard Everard, a Justice of the Peace for Westminster, to take Lockier's deposition about these staples. The deposition taken by Everard is entered into the Privy Council's Register Books under the date of 15 March, 1661. In it Lockier testified that he was ordered to provide the staples by Deane, the regicide, and accordingly purchased them from an ironmonger in King Street, driving them into the scaffold by Deane's direction. Lockier also remained upon the scaffold, with his tools, until all was over.

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All this renders it very improbable that the centre, or fourth, window from the north was the King's window. Access to the scaffold is much more likely to have been by the traditional window marked by a blue lozenge shaped stone in the pavement below (see clii. 117), that is the second from the north, and at the north end of the scaffold. As this was one of the four windows walled up in the eighteenth century, Chantreau's statement that in 1798 "Cette croisée est actuellement murée (see clii. 210) assumes great importance. So also Herbert's statement that "His Maty past' to ye scaffold through ye wall yt was purposely broken down at ye north end of ye roome, excludes the centre window and refers to the second window. And that this statement referred to a passage, out of the Banqueting House only, is rendered clear by Heylin, who, in his Short View of the Life and Reign of King Charles (1658) states that the King was "hurried to Whitehall, out of the Banqueting House, whereof a way was forced to a scaffold, on which he was to act the last part of his tragedy in the sight of his people.

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S.V.

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J. G. MUDDIMAN.

WELLINGTON'S HUMANITY (cliii. 289, Memorabilia ').-It has occurred to me that the story of Wellington's humanity, narrated at the reference, from the Quarterly, may have been based on a letter which appears

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Sir, The English mind is so deeply imbued with admiration of the great qualities of the great Duke, that all anecdotes of him tending superto strengthen that admiration seem fluous, but, sensible as I am of the existence of that feeling, I beg your notice of an anecdote which was narrated to me in Martinique, by the late Lieut. J. A. Eyma, of the Royal Waggon Train, an officer who had served hottest period of the war, and who had retired as a subaltern in the Peninsula during the from the service to cultivate his patrimonial estate in that beautiful island, where I was his guest in the year 1833.

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"Shortly," said he, after one of our severe half-dozen surgeons, had charge of an battles, Captain and myself, with some Spanish château, which had been converted into a hospital for the wounded.

One afternoon we had just sat down to dinner, when the door suddenly opened, and, to our great surprise, in walked the Duke, dressed as usual in his blue cloak, and attended by a single orderly. After the first salutations, addressing Captain he said, 'Captain

a

I will thank you to take me to your chamber.' By all means, my Lord,' replied the Captain; and supposing the Duke wished to wash himself after a ride of sixteen miles from head-quarters, he added aside to me, clean towel, Eyma. With equal devotion and alacrity I snatched a towel from the linenchest, and followed them into the Captain's apartment. We had no sooner entered it than the Duke turned round to my comrade and with a sternness of manner I shall never forget, said to him, 'Captain I am greatly displeased to find that you, an English officer, entrusted with the care of the wounded in this hospital, should have appropriated to your own use the most airy and spacious apartment in the whole building. I desire, Sir, that you give it up to the invalids this very night, and remember, if, on any future occasion, I shall come to know of your discharging your duty in this inconsiderate manfit to serve his Majesty.' ner. I shall send vou home to England, as unThe Duke then visited, with the surgeon, all the wards; he spoke kindly to several of the sufferers, inquired into, and made notes on the state of the for about an hour, he sat down with us to our medicine chest; and, after being thus engaged rough repast. I recollect sitting on a cask, myself, at that very dinner; and. after what had happened, did not care to improve my seat. Soon after he left us, to join the camp;

so that he rode 32 miles that day with an

parently no other object than to see after the sick and wounded. hy friend, the Captain, recovered his wonted It was some time before spirits, so deeply did he feel the rebuke of his noble and ever thoughtful commander.”

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RORY FLETCHER.

"avocat

This true tale would probably never have Générale,' edited by Hoefer, 1859, vol. xxx. been made public, unless I had told it. Char- p. 327. acteristic of the man, it seems to me an answer to the few puny whipsters," who would derogate from his noble nature by implications that he was wanting in those kindly feelings which adorn even the sternest warrior. Setting aside his mighty achievements, his whole career seems to teach mankind that use ful lesson-that true benignity lies, not in the indulgence and gratification of morbid feelings, but in personal abnegation and benevolent activity.

The lesson seems complete when we know that the ashes of such a man will be conveyed in triumph to the tomb, and repose by the side of him whose last dictum was England expects every man will do his duty!

I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
J. H.
JAMES SETON-ANDERSON.

22, Alexandra Place,

Oban, Argyllshire.

was

CARDIFF OLD TOWN HALL (cliii. 297,
341). The writer of the letter quoted at
the first reference
John Bird, born
1762, died 1840, who was secretary to the
Marquess of Bute, an Alderman of the
borough of Cardiff, and a gentleman of much
local influence." A series of manuscript
diaries dating from 1790 to 1803 and 1826 are
in this library.

The "Eisteddfod subject" referred to was
the "Gwent and Dyfed Royal Eisteddfod and
Musical Festival, ," which was held in the
Town Hall and elsewhere in Cardiff, from
Aug. 20 to 22, a fashionable ball wind-
ing up
the proceedings. The president was
the Marquess of Bute.

The letter is addressed J. Parry. This appears to be the well known musician John Parry, Bardd Alaw, who was responsible for the musical arrangements.

Central Library, Cardiff.

HARRY FARR.

born

JEAN LE FÉRON (cliii. 335).—Writer on heraldry and genealogy, was at Compiègne in 1504, and died about 1570. He was Counsellor to the Parliament of Paris, but, says Loysel, "il s'adonnoit plus à escrire des généalogies et armoires qu'à son estat d'avocat." His principal printed work is Catalogues des Connestables de France, Chanceliers et Prevôts de Paris,' Paris, 1555, fol. Among his MSS. extant in the Bibliothèque Nationale the one probably that interests MR. HARCOURT-BATH is Généalogie de la Maison d'Harcourt.' A list of his printed works, MSS., and works annotated by him can be found in 'Nouvelle Biographie

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The Nouvelle biographie générale' bestows a column and a half on this writer, au parlement de Paris," who devoted himself to the study of heraldry and genealogy, and had a passion for compiling. Of his capacity for criticism nothing is said. He was born at Compiègne in 1504, and died about 1570. The greater part of the article is taken up with lists of (1) his published works, (2) works left by him in MS., (3) works which he The second division owned and annotated. includes Généalogie de la Maison d'Harcourt,' in the Bibliothèque impériale, now, presumably in the Bibl. Nat. As the volume (30) of the biographical dictionary is dated 1859, some of the unpublished material may have appeared since.

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EDWARD BENSLY.

ST. RONAN'S WELL' (cliii. 172, 269).— In reply to my own query, I would express the opinion that the watering place which Sir Walter Scott had chiefly in mind was Harrogate, or as it was formerly spelt, Harrowgate. In support of this view, 1 would mention the following reasons:

(1) The character of Meiklewham, the lawyer at St. Ronan's, is evidently a copy of that of Micklewhimmen, the lawyer described as staying at Harrowgate in Smollett's 'HumThe incident of a medicine phry Clinker.' bottle containing intoxicant occurs in both novels.

(2) In 'A Season at Harrogate,' by Mrs. Barbara Hopland, and A Week at Harrogate,' by David Lewis, two comic poems published in 1812, occur a number of characters from which Scott plainly derived hints. give some names from the Harrogate poems followed by their equivalents at St. Ronan's Well:

Dr.

I

Dr. John Jaques (a real person)
Quentin Quackleben.
Benjamin Blunderhead, Esq. - Sir Bingo
Binks, Bart., of Block Hall.
Micklewomen (as in Smollett)

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Meikle

Squire Testy-Mr. Touchwood.
Major Jackal-Capt. Jekyl.
(3) The Earl of Etherington writes from St.
Ronan's to his friend Capt. Jekyl at the
Green Dragon, Harrogate. This shows that
Harrogate was in the novelist's mind.

(4) The Castle of Knaresborough, at the ancient market town of that name, two miles from Harrogate, is the perfect type of the

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