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accurate about dates and count with them the recurrence of a total eclipse of the sun visible in England after two hundred years. On the one hand there was the thirteenth centenary of the foundation of York Minster, on the other the five hundredth anniversary of the foundation of the University of Louvain. Both bring to the imagination a series of noble figures: Edwin and Tatta and Paulinus, and the old Northumbrian noble who said the unforgotten word about the sparrow flying for one moment from darkness to darkness through the light and cheer of the King's hall; and for Louvain the masters of fifteenth century theological learning. On the bookplate of the volumes which have been given by Germany in reparation for the destruction of 1914 Louvain has put the happy motto Sedes sapientiae non `evertetur. THE April-June number of the Journal of the Society of Army Historical Research strikes us as one of the best. begins with a first instalment of A Treatise on the Art of War' composed by Thomas Audley and given to Edward VI. Thomas Audley, a brother of the Chancellor Audley, was at one time Provost-Marshal of Guisnes,

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and later Lieutenant of the lower town of Boulogne. Lieut.-Colonel W. St. P. Bunbury, who makes this contribution to the Journal inherited the MS. of the text from his grandfather, and presented it to the British Museum, where there is also a second copy which differs slightly from this one. Colonel Bunbury suggests that this is the original draft, and that it was possibly taken down from dictation; it is a rather wordy, conversational production, but most readable and interesting. It is followed by the Gunmakers' Charter (never before printed) from a copy, in which the seventeenth century spelling has evidently been modernized. A pleasant feature of the number is a coloured portrait of Wolfe from a painting by an unknown artist done after Wolfe's return from Louisburg in 1758, and the last considerable portrait from life-now in the possession of Dr. J. Clarence Webster of Shediac. Other good items are a ballad on the battle of Warburg, from the "Madden" Collection at Cambridge, and in particular Major Scobie's well-stored article on the Caithness Fencibles.

MANY of our readers must cherish kindly memories of Andrew Tuer and his collections of old children's books. He died early in 1900 and the greater part of these

collections was dispersed in the summer of that year, but last Monday at Sotheby's several good examples of children's books of the early nineteenth century which yet remained were offered for sale by the executors of his widow. There were Charles Lamb's 'Beauty and the Beast' (1811), the rare first edition in the original wrapper with eight plates and the folding sheet of music (£120); and William Godwin's The Looking Glass' (1805) with plates by Mulready (£20 10s.), with a collection of 113 modern facsimiles of old horn-books (£34) and a copy of Tuer's History of the Horn Book' with about 230 original letters, documents, drawings, prints, etc., inserted (£42).

Two Hundred Years Ago.

From

The British Journal.

SATURDAY, July 1, 1727.

Last Week came on a Trial in the Court Col. Churchil and Col. Chartres: The former of King's Bench at Weftminster, between had given the latter one Guinea in Hand,

for

at

a promiffory Note of 100 Guineas, payable whenever he, the faid Col. Chartres, should, after the Date thereof, play Hazard. Col. Chartres alledged, for the Non-payment, that he never did play, but only betted. The Plaintiff maintained, that Betting at Hazard was playing. And fo the Jury found it.

And Col. Churchil obtained a Verdict for the Payment of the faid Note. On Saturday laft 94-Felons Convict were carried from Newgate, to be embark'd for the American Plantations.

Last Sunday-Night Mr. Ellis, a Brickmaker, going home to his House at Hogfdon, was attack'd by the Dog and Duck near Bunhill-Fields, by two Foot-pads, who prefented their Piftols at him, one on each Side, and took from him Six Guineas and his Watch; before he got home they met him again, and it being dark, attack'd him a fecond Time; but upon his telling them, that he had paid them their Demands a little before, and mentioning Particulars, they parted very civilly, shook Hands with him, and wifh'd him well home.

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of We hear that upon the Erecting Turnpike at Bristol, the Colliers refufed to pay for paffing thro' with their Coals for that City, and pulled it down again.

Literary and Historical Notes.

GOLDSMITH AND A CONCISE

HISTORY OF ENGLAND.'

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OLIVER Goldsmith is known to have written two histories of England, namely, 'An History of England, in a Series of Letters from a Nobleman to his Son,' an anonymous work in two volumes published by Newbery in 1764, and The History of England, from The Earliest Times to the Death of George II,' in four volumes, published by Davies in 1771. It now seems that another anonymous publication on the same subject should be added to the list. In March 1765 (the advertisement appeared simultaneously in the St. James's Chronicle and the London Chronicle for March 23-26) James Dodsley offered for sale a book the second part of which may, I think, be safely attributed to Goldsmith. The title-page of the work reads as follows:

THE Geography and History | OF ENGLAND: Done in the Manner of GORDON'S and SALMON'S Geographical and Historical Grammars. IN TWO PARTS. In the FIRST PART, Each COUNTY is considered under the following

HEADS: viz. |

The NAME,
SITUATION,

AIR,
SOIL,
COMMODITIES,
RIVERS,

Chief TOWNS, Noblemen's SEATS, CURIOSITIES Natural] and Artificial, Remarkable PERSONS, Various PARTICULARS.

To the Whole is prefix'd, A complete MAP, from the latest and best Observations, | shew

ing the Chief Towns, Rivers and Roads, both direct and across, &c. ALSO, | A Separate MAP of the ROADS, of the CHANNEL, and a Plan of LONDON. The SECOND PART contains | A CONCISE HISTORY OF ENGLAND; OR, THE REVOLUTIONS of the BRITISH CONSTITUTION. | And, by Way of INTRODUCTION to the WHOLE, A clear and distinct View of our CONSTITUTION, and every Branch of the LEGISLATURE. = LONDON: Printed for J. DODSLEY, in Pall-Mall. M.DCC.LXV.

(I have Professor K. C. Balderston to thank for first identifying this work in the British Museum.)

covers pp. 247-297, as follows: fly-title for the second part (A CONCISE HISTORY | OF ENGLAND; OR, THE REVOLUTIONS OF THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION. | ), the blank reverse, pp. 247-248; introduction (with half-title at top of first page), pp. 249-259; text (with half-title repeated at top of first page), pp. 260-397. Signatures, R4-Cc[7], in eights.

second part of this work is highly probable That Goldsmith was the author of the both from internal and external evidence. 1. Internal evidence.-The Concise His

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tory' appears to be little more than abridgement of the History in a Series of Letters.' The introduction covers the period from the earliest times to the accession of William the Conqueror, and the history itself is devoted to a brief account of all the reigns (including "The Usurpation of Cromwell") from that point to the death of William of Orange. Presumably that

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monarch was the last to witness a "" Revolution" in the constitution, and hence the 'Concise History,' limited as it is by the sub-title, fails to follow the History in a Series of Letters' to its conclusion at the accession of George III. The text of the former work follows that of the latter so

closely that many parallel passages might be given to illustrate the method of abridgement. To conserve space, however, I have selected two sets of passages which seem to me sufficiently typical. The first set have been chosen because they represent a similarity of opinion rather than a mere similarity of fact. The second set contain in common a simile of which Goldsmith seems to have been fond, and which another abridger would hardly have copied so closely. The first two extracts pass judgment on Magna Charta.

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Concise History,' p. 282:

By this charter the commonalty seemed to have no share in the government; they were only styled as moveable possessions, and were passed away from one lord to another, like the sheep and oxen that grazed the farm 'Series of Letters,' 1764, vol. i.

...

p. 97: the commonalty had no share in the legislature, they were passed away, with the lands on which they were born, by their haughty possessors: they were reckoned only as the sheep, oxen, and other moveable possessions, which were upon the estate.

Since I have seen only a photostatic copy of the title-page and the second part of this work, no complete description is possible. The next two passages conclude in each The book is an octavo, the title-page (photo-work the account of the reign of Charles I. static copy) in my possession measuring 8 in. by 4 7/8 in. The first part has nothing to do with Goldsmith. The second part

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Concise History,' p. 371:

however, even from these terrible efforts [the civil wars], happiness at length was

soon to arise, as the transparency of liquors seems to arise from previous fermentation.

V Series of Letters,' vol. ii, p. 43:

yet these struggles at length ended in domestic happiness and security; the laws became more precise, and the subject more ready to obey, as if a previous fermentation in the constitution was necessary to its subsequent refinement.

(See also for further use of this simile in Goldsmith's writings, Gibbs, The Works of Oliver Goldsmith, 1884, vol. iii. p. 501, and vol. iv. p. 183.)

Even a cursory examination of the text, then, points to a common authorship for the two works.

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2. External evidence. The 'Concise History,' moreover, seems to fill a definite gap in Goldsmith's bibliography. Until recently it has been supposed that the contract, dated Mar. 31, 1763, by which Goldsmith agreed "to write for James Dodsley a book called Chronological History of the Lives of Eminent Persons of Great Britain and Ireland, or to that effect, (See Prior, Life of Oliver Goldsmith,' vol. i. pp. 465466) had come to nothing. No work exactly fulfilling this description has indeed come to light. In a receipt, dated Aug. 8, 1764, however, Goldsmith acknowledges having “received from Mr. James Dodsley thirty guineas for writing and compiling_an history of England, (See K. C. Balderston, 'A Census of the Manuscripts of Oliver Goldsmith,' N.Y. 1926, p. 31, for the description and location of this receipt). The | relation between this receipt and the original contract is a matter of conjecture. Probably the harassed hack-writer was too busy to supply the two volumes octavo which were required of him by the terms of that agreement. There is little reason to doubt, however, that the 'Concise History' is the work for which Goldsmith was paid the thirty guineas. Thirty guineas at the rate which Dodsley agreed to pay in the original contract (three guineas a sheet) would account for ten octavo sheets, and the 'Concise History' consists of slightly more than nine sheets of actual text. The sum, then, would represent payment in full for such a work. Another fragment of correspondence gives evidence of a business connection between Dodsley and Goldsmith in 1764, and may relate to the same transaction. In a letter dated Mar. 10 of that year, Goldsmith assures the publisher that he will "take it as a favour if you can let me have ten guineas per bearer," and he adds in a post

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1587. "The Good Husvvifes Jevvell Thomas Dawson. The earliest edition pre

viously seen was 1596.

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1587. A Book of Cookrye by A. W. earliest previously seen was 1591. A volume containing these two books and also the second part of The Good Husvvife's Jevvell' (1585) was sold at Sotheby's on April 7, 1925 and was bought by Dr. Rosenbach for £280.

1621. A Booke of Cookerie, containing many of the best and choicest workes that are used at this day, both of the French and Dutch fashion, never before in_print till this time. London, printed for Thomas Dewe and are to be sold at his shop in Saint Dunstan's Churchyard. 1621. Sold at Sotheby's April 1927.

1696. Cookery Refin'd, or, The Lady Gentlewoman and Servant Maids useful Companion. 1. Containing the curious arts of dressing all sorts of Flesh, Fish and Fowl, various ways, after the newest mode with their proper seasonings, sauces, garnishes, serving up and carving. 2. The experienced Pastry Cook, in all particulars. To which

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Dear Nelly, learn with care the Cook'ry Art, And mind the easy Precepts I impart. 1766. A Collection of the most approved Receipts for Pastry. Second edition, Aberdeen.

1767. The art of Modern Cookery displayed. This is the first edition of a book,

afterwards called 'The Professed Cook.'

1771. The Court and County Confectioner. Second Edition. This is the first edition to give Borella as the Author.

1771. A new present for a Servant Maid, by Mrs. Hayward. This is the first dated edition.

1780. A complete collection of Cookery Receipts, (consisting of near Four Hundred) which have been taught upwards of Fifty Years with great Reputation, by Susanna, Elizabeth and Mary Kellet, Newcastle-uponTyne.

1806. The Young Woman's Companion and Instructor, Manchester. 1832. Cottage Comforts, by Esther Copley.

A. W. OXFORD.

PARRY, PERRY AND PYKE
FAMILIES.

LIE
IEUT.-COL. G. S. Parry, of Eastbourne,
kindly wrote me, 31 Oct., 1909, as
follows:-

I have a pedigree of Isaac Parry,

of Deptford, potter; none of the names you require occur in it from 1731 to 1808. The administration of John Parry, of Kent, in 1769 belongs to this pedigree. The Perys you mention are Perrys not Parrys. They probably came from Worcestershire as their arms, Three pears on a bend, are the same as those of the Perrys of Martin-Hussingtree. Colonel John Pery, of Blackheath, in his will, proved in 1732 (114 Bedford), mentions Dr. Edmond Halley, but does not speak of him as a relative.

She

is certainly the Ann Perry who married One of his daughters is named Pyke. Isaac Pyke in 1713-14. The John Pery mentioned in Isaac Pyke's will is John Pery, D.D., Rector of Ash, Kent, son of William Pery, of Thorpe, is brother to the above mentioned Colonel John. Capt. Colonel John, and married Dorothy, daughter of Michael Pyke. Martyn Pike is witness Kent, dated 13th Nov., 1642, and proved to the will of James Pery, of Frittenden, is connection between these Kentish Perys P.C.C. 26th Nov., 1646 (151 Twisse). There and the Perys of Thorpe, but what I have not yet been able clearly to ascertain. I have also all the Perry wills, P.C.C., before 1809, and these are the only references to the names Pyke and Halley. I believe these Perrys died out in the male line."

Abstracts of the wills of Michael Pyke (dated Feb. 20, 1631) and of Isaac Pyke (dated Jan. 5, 1730) were given at 10 S. viii. 44.

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Lieut.-Col. G. S. Parry wrote me again, 14th Aug., 1910, making these comments: 'I came the other day across a Chancery Suit [Butt. Pery (Whittington, 336), 4 Feb. 1689], in which it was stated that one Wm. Pery, gent., was exor. to the will of Michael Pyke, clerk, together with Ambrose Alfield, D.D. Turning to my pedigree, I found that Capt. William Pery, of Thorpe, Surrey, married Dorothy, daughter of Michael Pyke, of Cranley, Surrey, clerk. This William Pery is brother to the Colonel John Pery, whose daughter Ann, married Isaac Pyke, so that if Isaac is the son of Michael, as I surmise he may be [?], he and his wife would have been cousins. only other note I have is that the will of Susannah Parry, widow, of Leytonstone, Essex, mentions her daughter, Elizabeth, wife of Mr. Halley Benson Milliken. The will is proved 13 Nov., 1784 and dated 25 Apr., 1780. There is no connexion that I

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know of between this family and the Parrys of Deptford." (See 10 S. iii. 6; 11 S. x.

9.)

A marriage licence was issued in the Faculty Office, Knightrider Street, "Doctors' Commons," London, 27 Feb. 1713/4 to Isaac Pyke and Anne Perry; also one 14 June, 1703, to John Jones and Susannah Pyke. The latter ("Susan ") was probably a daughter of Richard Pyke (ob. 1726). The name John Jones occurs in will of Francis Halley, jun. (dated Oct. 22, 1717; proved Aug. 5, 1718, by William Pyke, power reserved to Richard Pyke). See The Genealogist, new series, xxv. 14 (July, 1908).

EUGENE F. McPIKE. 5418, Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago.

RUBRICATION

IN CHURCHYARD INSCRIPTIONS.-The note on the family name of Aglionby at 12 S. ix. 141, reminds me of two examples of this I recently saw. The will of Edward Aglionby, proved December, 1703 (Degg 205) is at Somerset House. The name occurs on a memorial in the south-west part of the churchyard of the ancient church of St. Laurence,, Upper Caterham, which is now being repaired under the advice of Prof. Eeles, and the Surrey Archaeological Society. It is upon this gravestone that I wish to comment, as it bears the only example I have seen of an inscription in a churchyard treated with rubricated initials. The inscription is cut upon a delicately carved headstone surmounted by a Cornish cross. There is an initialled footstone, and the whole is surrounded by iron railings. The memorial generally is in a state of neglect, and half hidden by a jungle of noisome weeds, though the rest of the churchyard is neatly mown. The inscription reads:

Henry A. Aglionby, Esqr., of Dunnery, in the County of Cumberland. Died July 31, 1853. Aged lxiii. Also Mary Ann Aglionby, Wife of the above. Died March 17, 1859. Aged lxxiii.

The red pigment used for the initial letters is now only just visible. In view of the frequency with which coloured initials are used for inside memorials and their striking effect, there must be some good reason for the rarity of their occurrence in churchyards. By a coincidence there is, just across the road in the churchyard of the modern church of St. Mary, a headstone inscription in which all the letters

of the names of the parties are rubricated The permanence of the colouring on indoor inscriptions may be due to its environment. The best example I know is in St. Margaret's, Westminster, on the north wall, underneath the Palmer monument. It is a brass to the memory of Hartwell John Maude, died at Cannes, 10 Jan., 1862. The colour is more distinct than on the Aglionby stone, but it shews signs of pitting, due perhaps to the application of corrosive polishes on the brass. Your readers may

know of other instances of rubricated initial letters in out-of-door gravestone inscriptions. G. W. WRIGHT.

CURIOUS BOOK BINDINGS.-In Brander Matthews's Bookbindings Old and New' (New York 1895) he speaks of certain freak examples of his day: napkins, samples of what the book dealt about, and other unorthodox materials were used for coverings, while enameled panels, miniatures, and tiles were let into the boards. He mentions a copy of Hugo's Napoleon le Petit ironically embellished with one of the embroidered bees from the throne drapery of Napoleon III. He goes on to suggest,

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Gautier's Une Nuit de Cleopatre,' that strange tale of the serpent of old Nile, might fitly be protected by the skin of the crocodile; and Captain Bourke's book about the

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Snake Dance of the Moquis of Arizona seems to call for an ophidian integument." Other works might appropriately use the skins of seals, kangaroos, dogs, cats, 'coons, whales and sharks. "The skin of the chameleon, for example, how aptly this would bedeck the orations of certain professional politicians! How well the porcupine would suit the later writings of Mr. Ruskin! How fitly_the_black bear would cover the works of Dr. Johnson, author of the contradictionary,' as Hood called him!"

He does not mention human skin, but it seems to have been used not infrequently. Arthur Hayden, writing in The Bookworm about 1902, lists volumes to be found in the Exeter Museum and the library of Bury St. Edmunds, and that at Mexborough House bound in the hides of a murderer, a poisoner and a witch. He quotes from a tradesman's account in a book in the infirmary library: 'Bristole, June, 1828.--Richard Smith, Esq., Dr. to H. H. Essex. To binding in the skin of John Horwood a variety of papers relating to him, £1 10s.; the same being lettered in Latin on each side of the book, The true skin of John Horwood.'

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