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Mr. Hayden repeats a remark of Carlyle's, perhaps not to be taken literally, that nobles could laugh at the theory in Rousseau's 'The Social Contract,' but their skins went to bind the second edition of the book. He further mentions a pack of playing cards exhibited at the Chicago Exposition of 1893, manufactured from the skin of some captured Indians.

A slightly later note in The Critic, reprinted in The Book-Lover, iv, 256 (New York 1903), tells of the fancy of Dr. F. Stockton-Hough of Trenton, N. J. for human skin bindings. He owned at least six. His Catalogue des Sciences Médicales' was half-bound in skin from a man's back. A woman who died of consumption furnished covers for four volumes on gynæcology. And a duodecimo was half-bound in tattooed skin from the wrist of a man who died in the Philadelphia Hospital. Dr. StocktonHough in each case did his own tanning. Skin from the back is coarse grained; that from a woman's thigh is almost indistinguishable from pigskin. These books were then in the library of the Philadelphia Hospital, into the possession of which the doctor's collection passed.

Winnetka, Illinois.

ter

PAUL MCPHARLIN.

JOHN ZIZKA: WARRIOR OF GOD.— As may be expected, the estimates of the stormy Hussite leader's life and characvary considerably. Roman Catholic opponents considered him a monster of cruelty and rapine, while Utraquists and Taborites beheld in him a Divine champion. Byron among others mentions the foolish story of

Zizka's drum.”

According to some authorities, this name is a contraction of Zikmund (Sigismund); others think it is a personal name like Cocles (i.e., luscus, one-eyed). Zizka is said to have fought as a private soldier at the battle of Tannenberg (Grünwald) on July 15, 1410, when Jagailo (Jagellon) and Vitoft (Vitold) inflicted a crushing defeat on the Teutonic Knights Swordbearers. He lost an eye either in battle or at play with youthful comrades, and the remaining sound eye was pierced by an arrow at the siege of the castle Rabi, familiar to me during visits to the Sumava (Böhmerwald). According to tradition, Zizka was born under an cak at Trocnov, near Budejovice (Budweis), where his mother took shelter from a thunderstorm while gathering mushrooms. Blacksmiths attached chips from the tree to hammers

in the belief that their strokes would be augmented. A chapel in honour of St. John the Baptist was erected on the spot, and is popularly known as the Zizka_chapel. A devotee of the Utraquist rite, Zizka afterwards signed himself Bratr Jan z Kalicha (Brother John of the Chalice).

The portraits of Zizka also vary in detail. Sometimes he is depicted as short, thickset, with a round beardless face, and at others as of large frame, bony, with a prominent aquiline nose, and a mass of beard. Usually a shade marks the loss of an eye, as on the statue on the square at Tabor, but I have seen a portrait with two sound eyes. He was identfied with one of his Taborite colleagues, Chval Machovicky, and one portrait is styled "Johann Chwal genannt Zizka, Herr von Machowitz und Troznow in Mr. F. M. Capek's historical study in Czech (Budejovice, 1924).

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Thomas Leigh, the eldest son of the above Peter Leigh, married Margery and had issue а son, Robert Leigh, and two daughters.

Act of Parliament to William Earl of Bed- From this family descended Thomas Leigh ford, Edward Russell his brother, Robert of Wallgate, Wigan, whose immediate Henley decd. and Robert Castle in return ancestors lived at West Hall, High Leigh, for " dreyninge of the great Levell of the near Wigan. Fennes. Warranty was given against claims by Mark Bradeley gent. and the representative of Sir Thos, Hampson, the grantor's father. The deed shows that it was, according to the Act of 1649 (which revived the title of the Earl), entered in the book kept by Tho. Bland, the Register and Clerk of the Earl and his participants and co-adventurers, on 30 June, 1658.

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Chancellor of Lincoln, 1814
Prebendal Stall of Stoke, 1814
Rector of Wheathamstead and Har-
penden, 1814

...

£ s. d. 1,742 15 3 268 0 0 1,591 0 0 45 0 0

Perpetual Curate of Nettleham, 1814
Rector of Chalfont St. Giles, 1817 859 00
Canon of Winton, 1825
755 0 0
With four houses for residence.
Thus (says the writer) it will appear that the
ross income received by Mr. Pretyman during
the last 45 years amounted to upwards of
226,000l. It is to be hoped that these prefer-
ments will now be more fairly distributed.
P. D. M.

OXFORD BAGS."-It might be well to

save from oblivion a Frenchman's impression of present day fashion at Oxford. In describing M. Doumergue's visit and his arrival at All Soul's College on 17 May, the correspondent of the Echo de Paris (18 May, 1927) recorded the presence in the quadrangle of Une foule d'étudiants vestonnés de tweed et portant les larges pantalons juponnant en flanelle grise ou grcseille qui sont à la mode à Oxford."

66

THE

F. H. C.

HE LEIGHS OF WEST LEIGH, CO. LANCS.-Peter Leigh who died in 1657, aged 64 married Mary, dau. of Robert Tipping of Manchester, and by her had issue :

Thomas his heir; Peter and Richard who died without issue; Samuel; Edmund; William; James, and Elizabeth.

Robert Leigh, the son, was born at Wigan, was, at the age of twenty-four appointed Collector of Excise at Hull, a responsible and highly lucrative office at that time; he was a cousin of Sir Robert Holt Leigh of Hindley Park near Wigan, and married Elizabeth Cliff of West Ham, by whom he

had issue:

1.

Williams and had a son and daughter.
John Porter L., married to Jemima
2. Ann L., b. 1782, married Sept. 7, 1801
Thomas Mantle Rickard*

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L., married Thomas Mawhond. L., married William Jessop. L., married Charles Hayes. The foregoing particulars were given me by Mr. Chas. Mantle Lofthouse, being written by his mother, Mrs. Ann Lofthouse, who was a daughter of the above Thomas Mantle and Ann Rickard.

Another member of the Rickard family told me some years ago that the above mentioned Leighs were also connected with the Leighs of Stone Leigh Abbey, Warwickshire, but I have no proof of this.

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HY. FITZGERALD REYNOLDS.
JOHN
STIRLING AUTOGRAPH.—It
may be worth while to preserve the
following lines in N. & Q.' They appear
in Catalogue 30 of McLeish & Sons, book-
sellers, copied from a note written in a copy
of The Booke of Common Prayer, and
Administration of the Sacraments. And
other parts of divine Service for the use of
the Church of Scotland,' and 'The Psalter,
or Psalms of David,' Edinburgh, Robert
Young, 1636-7, a copy of exceptional in-
terest, as it has the seventeenth century
autograph of John Sterling, Laird of Kip-
pendavie, and the following lines in his
hand-

"I, John Stirling, aught this book
the Grace of God upon me look
And if this book be stolen or missing
give it again for God his blessing.
And if you doe not as I say
Remember me on the Latter day
and if ye do not as I tell,
Remember me ye paines of Hell.
T. O. MABBOTT.

* See Rickard of Tickhill,' ante p. 455.

Readers' Queries

André Lichtenberger, in Le Noël du Bonhomme Noël' describes the return of Father Christmas to his cottage, which he

A SECOND TALE OF A TUB': A has shut up while on his Christmas rounds.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL PUZZLE.-I

was attracted to this book, as a Welsh collector, by its sub-title sounding so Welsh. The title-page of the copy which fell to my lot runs thus (leaving out a long quotation from Rabelais, Book iv, Chap. vi.):- "A Second Tale of a Tub: or The History of Robert Powel the Puppet-Show-Man. London: Printed for J. Roberts near the Oxford Arms in Warwick-Lane. 1715. Price 3s. 6d." There is no intimation as to who the author was. In my copy of Stockhouse's 'Memoirs of the Life &c. of Dr. Francis Atterbury,' 1727, there is "A catalogue of books printed for H. Curll, over-against Catherine Street in the Strand," and among them appears:-'A Second Tale of a Tub: Written by Thomas Burnet, Esq., price 3s. 6d.' Turning Thomas Burnet up in Lowndes Ι find:-" Burnet, Thomas: Second Tale of a Tub; or, the History of Robert Powel, the Puppet-shew Man. Lond. 1715, 8vo. with a frontispiece, 5s. A satire on Sir Robert Walpole, ascribed to Thomas Duffet." If there is much probability in this ascription it is strange that the compilers of the D.N.B.' could not ascribe some later year than 1678 for Duffet to have flourished in. Who was the author of this book?

T. LLECHID JONES.

Les volets sont clos et solides. Un petit feu couve sous la cendre; les yeux mi-clos, le chat ronronne au fond du fauteuil. Le maître n'est pas encore de retour.

Enter Father Christmas, and Minet. ouvre l'oeil, le referme, ronronne plus haut et se rendort. S. R. THEMICAL TEST FOR DEATH: FLUORESCEIN (see cli. 254 S.V. “Memorabilia).-Of what drug is the subcutaneous injection? A physician suggested it might be " fluorescein, "but had never

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FREDERICK TATHAM'S WIFE.-Can any reader supply the dates of marriage and death, as also the parentage and maiden name of the wife of Frederick Tatham, eldest son of Chas. Heathcote Tatham, 1772-1842, a famous architect?

Frederick Tatham, 1805-1878, a sculptor, and later portrait painter, exhibited fortyeight pictures in the Royal Academy beHe was the intimate friend of William Blake, of whom he wrote a Life, for which see H. G. B. Russell's

CATS PURRING.-Do cats purr to them- tween 1825-1854.
selves, or to somebody else? And do
cats purr while sleeping? I have the im-
pression that purring is called forth in short
fits by somebody who does something that
pleases the cat. However, two French
novelists of some standing seem to think
differently. René Bazin, in Ma Tante
Giron ' describes a hot summer afternoon
in the salon of a French country house; a
young woman sits by the window, half-
asleep, sewing, and a cat is curled up on a

cushion.

On n'entendait que le ronron de Fragonard pelotonné sur un coussin, le bruit sec de l'aiguille perçant l'étoffe et le bourdonnement d'une guepe qui grimpait le long des vitres. La tête de la jeune fille se penchait, à petites chutes, vers son épaule, et ses yeux se fer

maient.

Under conditions which sent a young woman to sleep over her work, would not the cat be likely to be asleep also, and do sleeping cats purr?

Letters of William Blake,' 1906. The children of the marriage of which I now seek particulars were a son, Herbert, QuarterMaster, R. A., who went to Canada; and two daughters, Frederica, and Gertrude, who were both dead, unm., by 1917, and perhaps a good deal earlier.

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HENRY CURTIS.

asso

PEACO
CACOCK FOLK LORE.-E. G. Boulen-
ger in A Naturalist at the Dinner-
Table' remarks that a wealth of folk-lore,
superstition and religious belief is
ciated" with the peacock. The mythology
of Greece, as he says, is full of allusions
to it," and in our own country knights once
registered their vows with one hand placed
upon the dead body of one of these birds."
How is this last custom to be accounted for,
and what is the interpretation of the peacock
in early Christian tomb frescoes ? I should

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THEODORE BESTERMAN.

"WINDOWS OF THE SOUL."Cicero ('de Orat' iii. 221) wrote Imago animi vultus, indices oculi'; and Milton ('Il Penseroso ') Thy rapt soul sitting in thine eye," while Mr. Gurney Benham says "The eye that "" is the mirror of the soul is a proverb. Who first wrote of the eyes as the windows of the soul? Mandeville in "Remark C" to his 'Fable of the Bees,'

says, "As the eyes are the windows of the soul, so this staring impudence, etc."

JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT.

DR. BEATTIE AND DAVID GARRICK. -I possess the following letter of

interest:

Be pleased to accept of this little Poem [what was this?] as a small tribute of respect from one who loves your character and ad

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Hazlebury Manor, Box, Wilts.

BARTOLOMMEO'S

'LAMENTATION AT FLORENCE.-Could any of your readers give the history of the above painting in the Pitti Gallery, as to how long it has been there, and where it came from? I venture to suggest it has no connection whatever with Bartolommeo, and that there is no one who could support such a statement by an atom of proof. Vasari's description of the picture Bartolommeo painted for S. Gallo in 1517, more agrees with Sarto's Pietá in the same gallery. I feel sure the 'Lamentation' is a copy (whoever painted it) of a half-size one painted by Raphael when he was but 10 years old, in 1493, at Florence. Vasari is in my opinion to be more relied on than modern writers as to Raphael's childhood.

H. C. S.

mires your talents. Solicitous as I have been, CARTOON BY SIR J. REYNOLDS.

these many years, to be in some degree known
to you, I should hardly have ventured to take
this liberty if I had not heard from Lord
Marsfield that you have been pleased to speak
favourably of The Minstrel."
Wells Street,

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Oxford Road No. 64,

20 August, 1771.

David Garrick, Esq.

JAMES BEATTIE.

This letter would appear to refer to some

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Some years ago a cartoon of the Resurrection said to be by Sir J. Reynolds, was found in a mansion in Hertfordshire. Do any of your readers remember seeing the account of the discovery, and could any one say where the cartoon is-or was found?

H. C.

poem published subsequently to 'The CUNDLETOWN.-Wanted, the origin of

Minstrel.'

T. CANN HUGHES, F.S.A.

this place-name-in New South Wales, Australia.

Lancaster.

ERNEST CUNDELL.

Replies.

JAMES GALLATIN'S A GREAT

PEACE MAKER.’

(clii. 159 s.v. Hours of Evening Meals.') THIS book is not merely amusing and entertaining; it is also, as stated by the late Lord Bryce in his introduction, on the social as well as the political side, a contribution to history" (p. xii). If, however, as J. R. H. attempts to show at the above reference, the authenticity of the book is open to suspicion, then of course its social and political value disappears, or at least is diminished. Hence J. R. H's arguments deserve careful examination.

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He says (the italics being mine) that the book, when published in 1914, "purported to be the diary of James Gallatin, the son of Albert Gallatin"; that James, the diarist, is said to have accompanied his father, and to have acted as his Secretary, though in 1813 he was only seventeen years old"; and that it contains a number of official letters, despatches, etc., which are probably genuine enough. A memorandum written in the third person by Albert Gallatin (the father of James) on May 9, 1813. reads: "At 3 p.m. sailed from New Castle on board the ship Neptune. We are in all 34 persons on board, viz., Albert Gallatin and James A. Bayard, ministers of the United States; George M. Dallas, George B. Milligan, John P. Todd, and James Gallatin, their secretaries,' etc. (printed in the late Henry Adams's Life of Albert Gallatin,' 1879, p. 493). Most, if not all, of the documents were printed in 1879 in H. Adams's edition of the Writings of Albert Gallatin,' 3 vols. Thus J. R. H.'s scepticism on these points is without foundation.

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But, according to J. R. H., among the entries in the diary itself are many expressions that seem to me to throw doubt on its

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The

authenticity as a whole"; among the ex-
pressions that strike me as not ringing
true are the following," which I take in order.
(a) Nothing doing re mediation (p.
where the extracts run back to about 1300.
10). See the O.E.D.' under " do, 34,'
(b) Court functions"
(p. 94).
O. E. D.' records "function in the sense
of a religious ceremony as early as 1640, but
in the sense of a public ceremony not until
1864. It is a fair guess that the transference
in meaning from a religious to a public cere-
mony took place long before 1864, though no
earlier instance (except the one in dispute)
has been recorded.

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(c) Serviette (p. 168). Surely," J. R. H. remarks, serviette' is a Victorian vulgarism.' What more natural than that a person living in Paris in 1820 should employ the word? But as a matter older use of the word," of fact its use goes back to 1489.

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"The

says the O.E.D.,' was exclusively Scotch. In the 19th c. it was re-established with the French spelling (at first only as a foreign term). It may now be regarded as naturalized, but lately has come to be considered vulgar." Lady Morgan in 1818 and Joanna Baillie in 1821 employed the word.

(d) "I really think Father pulls his leg (p. 184). Apparently no earlier examBut that ple than 1888 has been recorded. remembers it at least fifteen years earlier. is a belated instance, for the present writer

(e) "What transpired I do not know (p. 213). This misuse of "transpire," says the 'O E.D.,' apparently begain in the U.S. about 1800," and gives extracts dated 1802 (American), 1804 (American), 1810 (English), etc.

The

("I am intrigued" (p. 206). (f) context (too long to quote) shows, I think, that Gallatin used the word in the sense of "puzzled, perplexed," a meaning recorded in the 'O.E.D. from 1610 on.

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Scores of dinners are recorded in the diary, but in only two instances is the hour mentioned. On Jan. 10, 1823, a dinner at Fontainebleau was over at 8 o'clock" (p. 230); but dinner given on a Jan. 26 by the Gallating to the Duke and Duchess of Orleans and others was "not until 8 (g) "Mr. Baring would drink my wife o'clock (p. 234); and J. R. H. asks: and boy's health, this nearly broke me up "Can it be confirmed that in France a hun- (p. 264)—that is, overcame him. The Cendred years ago, eight o'clock was the tury Dictionary' records an example of fashionable dinner-hour for Royalties?" All" broken me up " from Poe, undated but this entry proves is that on a particular day the dinner, which was at the Gallatin house, was at eight o'clock, which may or

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