the aid of aircraft and of yet unknown Two Hundred Years Ago. mechanical devices, will remember his

striking picture of Rome as the one place From

where horse-drawn carriages and all that is The COUNTRY JOURNAL: associated with them, are still to be found.

If we remember aright, the imaginary Pope of Monsignor Benson's world was never to

66

OR, THE
CRAFTSMAN

SATURDAY, August 5, 1727.

enter a volor or even a motor car. We By CALEB DANVERS, of GRAY'S-INN, Efq; are reminded of all this by reading in the Manchester Guardian of Aug. 1 that Pius XI has decided to do away with all the horse-drawn vehicles in the Vatican, and with the horses as well, and is buying, from Milan, a new motor car. His Holiness goes for daily drives in the Vatican gardens. THE first article of the new Virginia

Magazine of History and Biography is on Letters of the Byrd Family, contributed chiefly by Mr. William Byrd, of New York City. The founders of the American line, three William Byrds, father, son and grandson, left behind them abundant and interesting material, and this family is one of the best illustrated in Virginia. The first William traced his line back in England to a Hugh le Bryd, a Cheshire man, in the mid-twelfth century. The Byrds are found later as citizens of London, and the father of the emigrant was a citizen and goldsmith. The line was connected also with Stegge and Horsmanden and through the latter with St. Leger. The article on Chapman Johnson is concluded, and that on the Colony west of the Blue Ridge, proposed by Jacob Stauber in 1731, is continued. A book of

unusual interest is here reviewed: Soil

Exhaustion as a Factor in the Agricultural History of Virginia and Maryland, 16061860' by Avery Odell Craven.

OUR readers may like to be referred to The Times of July 28 for a letter from Sir Martin Conway, M.P., about the Stratford frescoes (see ante p. 74), followed by the chief passages in the report presented to the Stratford Preservation Society by Mr. Philip M. Johnston, the authority on mural paintings, who visited the White Swan Hotel on July 23.

We hear from one of the Boroughs in Somersetshire, that a certain Broker of Change-Alley, has been there to offer his Service at the enfuing Election: It seems he has made the most of the Alley, and is willing to turn the Penny another way.

Mrs. Palmer, a rich Widow, who died Holbourn has left, among other Legacies, fome days ago in the Parish of St. Andrew's, 4000l. for propagating the Gofpel in Foreign Parts; 40001. for increafing Christian knowledge in the Highlands and Iflands of Scotland; 2000l. to be added to Queen ANNE's Bounty; 2000l. to the Hofpital of Bethlehem; 500l. to the Charity School of St. Andrews, Holbourn, and 5007. Widows that receive no Alms from the

Parifh.

to poor

Laft Week a Gentleman at South Lambeth

being in his Garden, perceived a Smoak in one of the Rooms of his Houfe, when going in to fee the Occafion of it, to his great Surprize he found the Room on fire, which he judged to be occafioned in the following Manner, because he afterwards made the Experiment: A Water Decanter ftanding on the Table, the Sun fhone on the globular part of it, which collecting the Rays of it, and fome Linen lying exactly against the Focus, it took Fire, and burnt part of the Table, and in all Ligelihood would have burnt down the Houfe, if it had not been timely discovered.

On Thurfday laft a Silver Arrow, value 31. was fhot for at Harrow, by Six Youths of the Free-School, a Cuftom annually performed on the first Thurfday in Auguft; being a Gift left for that purpose by Mr. Lyon, an Inhabitant of Harrow, and Founder of the Free-School there. Mr. Chandler a Captain in the tamé Army march'd thither from London with about 30 or 40 men of his Company, who performed a fine exercise in honour of the Day and his Son who is one of his Scholars.

Literary and Historical
Notes.

FURTHER NOTES ON TWO
LAMENTABLE TRAGEDIES.'

(See cli. 347.)

(a) With him whose loue is dearer than my life. H 3 v.

(a) I loue thee dearer than I do my life. H 2 r.

(b) He loues him better then he loues his life. C 2 r.

(a) Cannot be hid by humaine pollicie. H 4 v.

(b) To be captiu'd by humaine pollicie. H 1 r.

The author has a fondness for this word

(c) With what thy pollicie hath brought to passe. F 3 r.

and many times at the close of the line: (b) They will preuent my cunning pollicie. G4 r.

(b) I say your close ease-dropping pollicies. H 1 v.

MR. GOLDING's argument against the pollicie, which he uses once within the line: theory of double or triple authorship for the Two Lamentable Tragedies' is to me quite convincing. Perhaps this is natural since, on the basis of new evidence, he thoroughly confirms theories of my own set forth seventeen years ago (Mod. Lang. Rev., vol. v. 1910). While assigning full credit to me, however, MR. GOLDING has overlooked an important discussion of the same play by Professor A. C. Baugh of the University of Pennsylvania (Introd. to Haughton's Englishmen for My Money,' Philadelphia, 1917, pp. 53-60). In this article Dr. Baugh argued from an allusion to Bull the hangman that the play must have been written before 1598, when Bull was apparently succeeded as hangman by Derrick. Baugh, therefore, dissented vigorously from the argument set forth by Dr. W. W. Greg for the Chettle-Haughton authorship, and was inclined to accept the claims of Yarington.

Dr. Greg, reviewing Dr. Baugh's book in the Mod. Lang. Review (vol. xiii. p. 101, 1918) made this gracious acknowledgment of error: "I think it must be taken as proved that the latter [i.e., Yarington's play] was written not later than 1598, and consequently that it cannot be an amalgamation of 'Beech's Tragedy' and the Orphan's Tragedy of 1599-1600." So, presumably, Dr. Greg no longer holds to the theory attacked by MR. GOLDING.

Yet, even in the sentence quoted, Greg does not definitely accept the date of 1594, the year of Beech's actual murder, for the composition of the play. To substantiate further GOLDING'S argument for single authorship at the earlier date, I wish to

add a few more bits of internal evidence from the play. As in GOLDING's article, (a) denotes that the quotation is from the Merry portion; (b) from the 'Orphans' part; and (c) from the allegorical characters. For further illustration of Yarington's trick of repetition, note:

(b) If you but yeeld unto my pollicie. H 2 v. (b) Well I will prosecute my pollicy. H 3 v. In the former article I pointed out that this play and the older King Leir' had one identical line in common, and a number of others closely parallel. To these parallels I wish to add two more, less striking in themselves, but, I believe, worthy of notation in connection with others already cited:

(a) No. no, your vnderstanding is but dimme. H 3 v.

(a) And if my vnderstanding be not blind. C 3 r.

(Leir) It shewes thy vnderstanding to be blind. Line 1415.

(a) No man can tell what is become of it. G.2 v.

(Leir) Can no man tell vs what's become of him? Line 1882.

(Leir') And no man knows what is become of her. Line 747.

Similarly, I observe that the phrase lump of foul deformity" in Yarington's play seems to have been borrowed from Shakespeare's Richard III,' which, like the Leir,' was probably on the stage in 1594 A more significant borrowing from the same play, not of words but of successive incidents, appears in the murder scene of Pertillo, which may be thus summed up:

'Richard III.'

1. Act I, scene iii. Gloucester gives directions to two assassins who have previously agreed to murder his brother.

2. Act. I, scene iv. The murderers find Clarence asleep.

4. The Second Murderer is stricken by SOUTHAMPTON NEIGHBOURHOOD. conscience; the First is unmoved.

3. They debate whether they shall murder 1744, lost in hurricane East Indies 1 Jan., him asleep or awake him.

8. The Second Murderer relents and at- dered to French on Coast of Guinea, 1 tempts to save Pertillo.

Nov., 1710. Recaptured and added as

9. Despite these efforts the First Mur- GARLAND, 10 Apr., 1712. derer stabs and kills Pertillo.

CARNATION, 18, brig sloop (385)T. in 1813. Parry's Arctic expedition, 1819, and was She was designed by Sir Wm. Rule. Capt. Lyon's only vessel in Arctic expedition, 1824.

PELORUS, 18, ship sloop (385) T. 1808. Sir 1813. Employed on coastguard service 1840,

JERSEY, 48, 4th Rate (676)T. G. Moore and Nye. Added 24 Nov., 1698. Was a hulk at Plymouth in 1750.

SALISBURY, 44, 4th Rate (976)T. 1745. East Cowes, Philemon Ewer.

VANGUARD, 70, 3rd Rate (1419)T. 1748. East Cowes, Philemon Ewer. Long honourable career.

ANDROMEDA, 28, 6th Rate (609) T. 1777 East Cowes. Lost in West Indian hurricane October, 1780.

REPULSE, 64, 4th Rate (1387)T. 1780. East Cowes. Wrecked off Ushant 10 Mar., 1800.

ASTREA, 32, 5th Rate (703)T. 1781. Cowes. Wrecked off Aneguada Island W.I. 24 May, 1808.

EXPERIMENT, 44, 5th Rate (892 25/94)T. 1784. East Cowes. Became Lazaretto at Liverpool. Navy List 1827, &c.

inscribed against East Cowes; and Bucklers
Hard is conspicuous as a river town.
JOHN A. RUPERT-JONES.

AL

LEXANDER DE SWEREFORD.-As almost any authentic detail of the life of so important a personage as Alexander of Swereford (?1176-1246) of the Exchequer is of value, and his connection with Gloucester was probably more close than we can yet properly say, the writer may be pardoned for giving the following to N. & Q.,' as it appears to have escaped Alexander's biographers.

It is known that in early May, 1221, he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Llewellyn Prince of N. Wales. Either going, or returning, he would appear to have travelled through Gloucestershire, possibly

VETERAN, 64, 4th Rate (1396 78/94)T. from the King at Gloucester Castle.

1787. East Cowes.

HIND, tender (161)T. 1790. Cowes.

While

passing through Bradley Hundred on the higher Cotswolds (roughly, between Seven

RESOLUTION, revenue vessel (100) T. 1800. Springs, Sevenhampton, Northleach, and

Cowes. Taken to pieces 1831.

CHANTICLEER, 10, brig sloop (237)T.

Sir H. Peake, Cowes. Coastguard
hospital ship) service 1851, &c.
WATERWITCH, brig sloop (324)T.
Cowes purchased 1834.

LINNET, 8, packet brig (361)T.
Cowes.

1808.
(ie.,

1832.

1835.

CONTEST, 12, brig (459)T. 1846. Cowes. Broken up 1868.

ARGUS, screw, coastguard service (300)T. 1864. Cowes.

AMELIA (ex HAWKE), screw, coastguard service (416)T. 1869. Cowes.

Aston Blank), the following unpleasant incident occurred, at which he was perhaps merely present by the road.

A certain Richard of Etton killed one Hugh Woodcock, and ran to a church; there he learned of the fatality and abjured the kingdom. But a certain Robert of Wales appealed Alexander of Swereford and Peter the Hunchback of the death, and named as pledges for prosecuting the suit William of Kingham and Osbert, son of Godric. However, as Robert failed to carry out his hostile intention, both he himself and his pledges found themselves "in mercy," and the jurors of the hundred suspected no one other than the fugitive Richard; and so Alexander and his deformed friend, Peter, became quit. The case was declared to be one of murder, and Richard had no chattels. Hamble River, one on the right bank('Placita Coronæ Glouc: Maitland 45). slightly above Bursledon Bridge, as now situated, at a place called Upton, one on the left bank just where the bridge touches the Stanwick shore, and another on the right bank facing the south side of the bridge whereabout the Jolly Sailor public house is now situated or a few yards further down stream; at each place the words building slip for two men of war are inserted.

Lieutenant Murdoch Mackenzie's Survey of Southampton River (i.e. Water) dated 1783, shows the positions of the building slips at that date, viz:

Sometime in the ensuing twelve months Alexander was administering the estate of Robert of Gloucester, late the Dean of Chichester and a debtor to the Crown (will proven at Worcester). As the learned Editor of the Red Book of the Exchequer, P.R.O., showed, Alexander had also a nephew who was Simon of Gloucester, though professed (probably) at Oseney.

Alexander declared himself, in an assignment to his most dear and venerable lords," the Abbot and Convent of St. Peter's (Glos.) of the tithes of Chesterton to be “their devoted Clerk ". we may therefore infer