Caroline in 1737. LAMBERT AND A. FRANCIS STEUART. THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTION (cli. 81).-A sketch of John Lambert (1619-1683) will be found in the 'D.N.B.' Your correspondent says that Lambert was apparently responsible for devising the Instrument of Government ; that when the American Colonies drew up their constitution, their scheme was almost identical with Lambert's Instrument"; asks, "Can any reader furnish a connecting link?" and states that "the authorities consulted hesitate to make a definite pronouncement and for want of clear evidence suggest that similar circumstances led the Anglo-Saxon mind towards a similar solution rather than that there was any conscious imitation of the English model." It is a pity that "the authorities consulted" were not named, as a serious mistake seems to have been made by someone. A comparison of the Instrument of Government (dated Dec. 16, 1635, printed in S. R. Gardiner's Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution, 1628-1660,' pp. 314325) and the American constitution shows that the scheme of the two was not "almost identical," but totally different. Your correspondent should consult Debates in the several State Conventions, on the adoption of the Federal Constitution, together with the Journal of the Federal Convention It was PUBLIC WAY THROUGH OR UNDER CHURCHES (clii. 352, 394, 413, 429, 447, 466).-The querist is probably aware of St. Swithun's Church at Winchester, situate over the archway leading out of the Cathedral grounds. It hardly comes within his query, but he may not be aware of the right of way between St. Margaret's Church and Westminster Abbey. originally walled on either side and became a favourite resort of the thieving fraternity. An assault and robbery on some judges on their way to Westminster Hall was, I believe, the cause of the walls being removed. St. Paul's Cathedral built over the parish church of St. Faith's would presumably have given a right of way to the parishioners through the Cathedral, though this is rather stretching the subject query. W. H. MANCHEE. There is at Langport, Somerset, a very conspicuous and interesting building on the road between Langport Church and the church at Huish. It is called the "Hanging Chapel," from its peculiar position, resting as it does on an archway over the road. In a book of 370 pages with 12 illustrations written by David Melville Ross and printed and published at Langport, Mr. Ross says (p. 185) that in consequence of the public complaining that they were not allowed to have as many masses, paid for by the alms of the parishioners, as they desired the Merchant Guild provided the Hanging Chapel-about 1330 with priests to attend the service. The chapel was used as a Town Hall after the destruction of the Guild in 1547 (p. 189). In 1743 it was in use as a Grammar School. In 1334 it was called the Chantry of the Blessed Mary of Langport-Eastover (p. 212). In 1667 it was let at 5/- per an. to a Mr. Hugh Castleman. In 1724 (p. 329) it was used as a Grammar School, and between | 1816 and 1818 as a Sunday School (p. 332). In 1841 it became the Hanging Chapel Museum. Guard walls were rebuilt in 1843, and to-day it is used as a Masonic Lodge. I think I remember seeing a church at Wymondham in Norfolk with a way through or under. SUNDIAL L. "" RECORDING SUMMER TIME" (clii. 441).-It is regrettable that the first sundial to record our modern summer time" should not have been erected in commemoration of William Willett. If your correspondent, MR. G. S. GIBBONS, will turn to the plate between pp. 120 and 121 of Early Science in Oxford vol. ii. 1923 he will find an illustration of a summer-time dial erected by the brother of Dr. Lewis Evans on Boar's Hill, near Oxford. In the Lewis Evans Collection are many portable dials of the sixteenth century by which time according to several distinct methods of time-reckoning can be determined by the same instrument, one of these methods may quite well have been more in fashion at one season than at another when these dials were in use. ་ From Forster's Life of Dickens,' it appears that the latter bought Tavistock House in 1851. An engraving of it appeared in vol. iii. of the Life. See also Thornbury and Walford's 'Old and New London,' vol. iv. chapter 45. Dickens sold the house and left it in 1860. Its site is now covered by the House of the British Medical Association. A tree not far from the building is indicated as standing in what was once part of Dickens's garden. Perry's connexion with the place was apparently not early enough to allow us to associate the house with the memory of his brother-in-law, Richard Porson. EDWARD BENSLY. This CLOPTON FAMILY (clii. 420).-MR. ALFRED RANSFORD in his account at the reference of his family's connection with the Cloptons, says :-"Mary Walgrave married Thomas Clopton of Long Melford, Co. Suffolk, and their granddaughter was Julian, sister of Sir John Rainsford. Julian Rainsford married Sir William Walgrave of Smallbridge, Co. Suffolk." connection was actually as follows:-Sir William Waldegrave (will 8 Nov. 1554) married Julian, daughter of Sir John Rainsford, and their granddaughter, Mary, married the Thomas Clopton aforesaid. The There was no connection, as one might be led to infer, between the Warwickshire and Suffolk Cloptons; the latter bore, Sable a bend argent between 2 cotises dancetté or. C.S.C.(B/C). "SEAR (clii. 385). The sears made by John Jones, sear-maker and buttonmaker have to do with costume rather than gun-smithing. To In Alice Morse Earle's Two Centuries. of Costume in America' (New York 1903) we find (p. 92)-" Feb. 26, 1680-1. Searing a Petty Coat for Mrs. 6s.' is from the bill of one William Sweatland, tailor, of Salem, for work done for Jonathan Corwin of the same town. "Searing cost This one who made the tools for searing, which gns. he would not accomplish the feat in would include "polking sticks," "goffering- 10 hours. irons,' smoothing irons, etc. Brooklyn, N.Y. JOSEPH E. SANDFORD. ST. ALBRIGHT (clii. 425).—This is St. Ethelbert of E. Anglia, K. M. 793 (20 May); son of Ethelred, King of the East Angles, he was murdered by the order of Offa, King of Mercia, at the instigation, it is said, of Offa's wife Queen Cynethryth, on whom he is seen trampling in the west front of Wells Cathedral. A small statue of St. Ethelbert was dug up about the year 1700 at the entrance to the Lady Chapel of Hereford Cathedral, which is dedicated to him. There are in all sixteen ancient dedications to this saint. A. R. BAYLEY. ST. ALDGATE (clii. 415).—In 1. 24 from the bottom of second column, read St. Aldate's for "St. Aldgate's." This somewhat mysterious saint is venerated only at Oxford and Gloucester. Bishop of Gloucester (sic) c. 490 (14 June), his adventures will be found in Geoffrey of Monmouth. But, quite possibly, he is compounded out of "Old Gate": his church at Gloucester was just inside the north gate; and his church at Oxford just inside the south gate of the town. There is some reason to think that his Oxford church was originally dedicated to St. Edmund of Bury (870, 20 Nov.), the English St. Sebastian." A. R. BAYLEY. COLONEL CHARITTE (clii. 388, 428, 466). I do not think that he ever re ceived the C.B. as it is not shown in the official Army Lists, in Hart's Army List, or in The Knights of England' (1906). He received the general service medal (silver) issued in 1847, with clasps for Vittoria and Toulouse. J. H. LESLIE. See contemporary sporting history, especially the exploits of Squire Osbaldeston. The Colonel (his name was diversely spelled) was a prominent figure in the sporting world. 'Raciana' (spelling his name Charretie) says he registered racing colours (crimson, white sleeves and cap) in 1843. On p. 168 of the same work the Colonel's name is given as "Charitte" and there is given a full account of his famous wager with Osbaldeston which resulted in the latter, on Nov. 5, 1831, riding 200 miles at Newmarket in 8 hours 42 minutes. Colonel Charitte bet him 1,000 J. FAIRFAX-BLAKEBOROUGH. Grove House, Norton-on-Tees. Doubtless a relative of Major-General Thomas Charrette was Captain John Charretie, of the Hon. E. I. Company's Maritime Service, seniority 5 Mar., 1825. He had served as 4th, 2nd, and 1st Mate from 1808, and commanded the Bombay, of 1142 tons, on two voyages, 1825-26, 1827-28.Hardy's Register of Ships, E. I. Company (1835). R. BINGHAM ADAMS. SURPLICE FEES (clii. 316, 356, 463).— I thank your correspondents for their replies. It may be of interest to set out the statement in Maitland's 'History of London,' which gave rise to my question. After relating how Parson Marriott about 1670 demanded 2d. or 3d. a head from his parishioners of St. Paul's Shadwell as Easter offerings and the settlement of the dispute by their agreeing to pay 1/- per burial, he states the income of the living to be: May I be allowed to thank MR. W. G. D. FLETCHER for his reply. A Thomas Fletcher entered Winchester College in 1509 aged 12, and a Leonard Fletcher entered the same College in 1512 aged 12 from Winchester. My authority for the "Winchester Fletchers is Winchester College' by Thomas Frederick Kirby, M.A. (London: Henry Frowde. Winchester: P. & G. Wells. 1888). The late Mr. Kirby says The notes under the names are from the margin of the register and other sources. Preface p. xviii). JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. THEATRE BUILT BY DICKENS (clii. 387, 430, 465).-I remember reading, but where I have fogotten, an anecdote which throws some light upon the question whether Dickens's theatre was a temporary one, and which ran somewhat as follows. When it was nearing completion, Dickens asked the carpenter to go on the stage and make a speech whilst he placed himself at the end of the hall, in order to test the acoustics of the building. The carpenter did so, and addressed the novelist as follows, "Mr. Dickens, we have been working here for [so many] weeks and have not yet seen the colour of your money, and until we do not another nail do we drive." Dickens HENRY CURTIS. HAT AT-WEARING CUSTOMS IN THE U.S.A. (clii. 38, 140, 232, 247, 268, 281, 322, 430).-Lest I have suggested that the change from felt to straw hats in spring and back again in fall transpires punctiliously and completely on a given day, I might add to what I have said that the practice does not quite conform with the theory. This year I was surprised to see the hatters advertise in the Chicago newspapers, May 15 is straw hat day,' "when the popular usage puts the date a fortnight later. Their announcement was of course made to stimulate trade. I saw a few-say one out of 500-wearing straw hats in the week of May 15. The next week the proportion was one out of a hundred; this one was rushing the season." Cold, rainy weather has prevailed until now. Although Memorial Day (May 30) has passed, only about half the male population may be seen in its summer headgear. One or two hot days, however, will bring out straws like flowers. straw hats in fall after their deadline has When rowdies destroy hapless gentlemen's been passed, they have these justifications: the weather will probably be cold, and the light hat has obviously outworn its usefulness, or a summer's rain, sun and soot will have made its appearance disreputable. Winnetka, Illinois. PAUL MCPHARLIN. In 1924 I stayed for some months at Towson, a town near the city of Baltimore (Maryland). One day in May I went to J. N. 0. in the army, came to Glasgow to avoid his sisters, who looked down on him for being in the Army. He never came to his father's funeral or answered his maiden sisters' letters. His name appears in the Register to his children's birth at St. Andrew's Church, Glasgow from 1811 to 1817. Many say that Arrick is a variant of Herrick, but all experts in Scotland say it comes from Orrock or Orrick, and not until the seventeenth century did the modern spelling come ARRICK (clii. 406, 447). This name is into use in Scotland. so rare, that the inquirer will do well to consider Herrick, Errick. Foster's Chester's London Marriage Licences (1887) gives: Ericke, Robert, of the town of Leicester, gent., bachelor, about 30, and Mrs. Anne Seale, of St. Sepulchre, London, spinster, about 26, and at own disposal-at St. Leonard, Shoreditch Middlesex or St. Ethelburga, London, 4 Sept., 1667. V. [i.e., Registry of Vicar-General of Canterbury.] R. BINGHAM ADAMS. ANDREW ARRICK. I find an entry relating to this uncommon name in the Stirling Register of Testaments, referring to the will of the wife of Andrew Arrok, who died in 1610 at Sauchie, which place I should think would be the home of this family for some There is no trace of the name years before. in the records of Births, Marriages and Deaths for Clackmannan from 1760 to 1795, but the family presumably belonging to the Church of England, would be baptized and married in their own Church. This family, a branch of them, were apparently in London in 1736. A. Arrick and his father were born there and he may have attended some school or college in that locality. Training for Holy Orders was sometimes undertaken by private clergymen. Any pupils' records of attendances schools would be very hard to trace after such a long period has elapsed. Some published records of the schools may be available at London libraries or at the London or Southwark Diocesan Registries of Births, Marriages and Deaths for all London Churches during the above period. I have already seen the State Papers mentioned by your correspondent M. Many thanks all the same. or I am given to understand there is a printed Index book of Marriages for the seventeenth century. I have seen one for the sixteenth century. If there is a book on Births and Burials or Wills for London or Surrey I should like to look it up. I have read over all Registers of Marriages for Hampshire, and some 60,000 names for Cornwall. I came across the surname Restarrick and find there was a bishop of that name for Honolulu in 1902. A Cornish doctor, who gave me some good advice, said that Arrick was an unknown name in Cornwall, but an attendant in one Reference Library at Liverpool, in July, 1926, said that fifty years ago at Tregarrick in Cornwall, there was a man called James Arrick, and strange to say in January of this year I received a birth certificate from the Rector of Rotherhithe, of a daughter of James and Mary Arrick dated Aug. 22, 1736. I am satisfied that Arrick is a surname from 1736, and I want to work from that date for a marriage and a death in or about 1805. My ancestor, Andrew Arrick, was taken by the press-gang at Gosport in 1797 while on a holiday, he being about 18 years of age. It is the register of his father's birth, marriage and death (or his will) that I want. No later than 1805, as far as I can gather, he lived. His son, after his time was up Oakriggwoodside, Moffat. at such A. HOUSTON. ARTILLERY OFFICERS: PORTRAITS WANTED (clii. 369).—A portrait of General William Miller will be found in Winsor's Narrative and critical history of America' (1889) vol. viii. p. 336, after a mezzotint in John Miller's 'Life of Miller,' 2 vols., 1828. The latter book deals with the period 1817-1826 only. ARCHIBALD SPARKE. RE-INFORCED CONCRETE" (clii. 385 s.v. "Underground London ').-I cannot say exactly when ferro-concrete was first manifest here, but I do know that it was in 1898 or 1899 that Monsieur L. G. Mouchel was demonstrating its virtues and |