that intervened between the door-window and the scaffold platform, planks were laid down, and along these the King passed out of the building. CHARLES HERBERT THOMPSON. London, W.1. (To be concluded). THE DEATH OF DR. NICHOLAS THE SANDER. HE last notice that we have of Sander as alive is the report that he had been harboured by the Countess of Kildare some time before Feb. 18, 1581 (Cal. S.P. Ir. p. 287). There was no idea of his being dead, when, on April 6, 1581, Bernardino de Mendoza wrote to King Philip that the English Catholics wanted an English Cardinal appointed, preferably either Nicolas Sander or William Allen. On May 28 the King replied that he had ordered letters to be written to the Pope making the recommendations requested (Cal. S.P. Sim. iii., pp. 97, 118. See also 12 S. i. 366). The first report of Sander's death occurs in a letter from Sir Warham Sentleger to Lord Burghley, dated June 3, 1581, from Cork (P.R.O. S.P. Ir. Eliz. lxxxiii. 38), in which he writes: Doctor Sanders is certenlie ded of an Irish Ague. Sir Thomas of Desmond (who enformed mee thereof) offereth his hed to be stroken of, if it be not true. He hath been ded this two monethes and more. He was enformed thereof by one of the women that closed him in his wyndinge sheete and was at his burying. He liethe interred in a church in the great Wood. His death hath been marvelously secreted. They give out that he is gone into Spaign to procure а new supplie of favours. no knowledge here of his death of any certentie till within this 2 days. We had The report, however, lacked confirmation; and Hooker ('Chronicle,' p. 171) states that Sander was still alive in August, 1582, when Adam Loftus (Protestant Archbishop of Dublin and Lord Chancellor of Ireland) and Sir Henry Wallop became Lords Justices; and Camden, in his Annales,' says that he survived till 1583, when" in his pouch were found several speeches and letters, made and written to confirm the rebels, stuffed with large promises from the Bishop of Rome and the Spaniard." On the other hand, Dr. Allen, writing to the Cardinal of Como, Aug. 8, 1581, says I am very much afraid about our friend Sander (Archivio Vaticano, InghilterraFiandra, i.), and by Nov. 7, 1581, the Queen was said to have received confirmation of the news of his death (Cal. S.P. Sim. iii. p. 211). Previously, on Sept. 4, 1581, Sir Francis Englefield writing from Madrid to Dr. Allen at Rheims (Knox, 'Letters and Memorials of Cardinal Àllen,' p. 106) says: The death of Mr. D. Sander ys not yet confyrmed from England or from Ireland, other than upon the report of Mr. Walsyngham and his company. On Jan. 23, 1582, the Earl of Desmond wrote (A.V., Inghilterra-Fiandra, i.) a letter to the Pope in very vile Latin, in which he never mentions Sander's death, but towards the end he says: It would also be expedient if your Holiness were to send authority in ecclesiastical matters to the Bishop of Killaloe [Cornelius or Conaghour O'Malryan, a Fransciscan Observant], who is at the head of this affair with us. This would seem to imply that Sander had died. This In February, 1582, Dr. Owen Lewis wrote from Milan to the Cardinal of Como at Rome (A.V., Cardinali, xciii.):-"I hear that Dr. Sander is dead in Ireland, and that the Earl of Desmond was captured in his flight and is being kept a prisoner in the Tower of London." This report is quite false as to the Earl of Desmond. nobleman, deserted by the Pope and the King of Spain and his own Countess, and deprived by death of his brothers, was finally captured by Owen and Donnil McDonnil Moriarty, by whose direction one Daniel Kelly beheaded him, Nov. 11, 1583. For this dirty. work Kelly was granted an annuity of £30 for thirty years without fail, but was afterwards hanged at Tyburn for highway robbery (Kerry Archaeological Magazine, i. 6, 9). Bernardino de Mendoza to enquire about the On Jan. 28, 1582, King Philip wrote to report of Sander's death, and on March 1, Mendoza answered (Cal. S.P. Sim. pp. 211, 278): In reply to your Majesty's request of Jan. they are now certain here that he died of 28 that I should report about Dr. Sander, cold and hardship in Ireland, his body having been found in a wood, with his breviary and his biblia de buxo under his arm. As to the meaning of biblia de buxo, see 12 S. ii., 210, 271. Philip O'Sullivan Beare, in his Historiae Catholicae Iberniae Compendium (Lisbon, 1621) at p. 100, says :— The death of Dr. Sander cannot be passed over in silence here. Before the end of the war he was seized by an attack of dysentery, and, while still strong, and, in everybody's opinion, in no danger, at nightfall he thus addressed Cornelius, the Bishop of Killaloe: "Anoint me, illustrious Lord, with the extreme unction of the oil of the dying, for this night called by my Creator, I am about to depart this life." Surely," said Cornelius, your constitution is strong, and your illness is not pressing, and I do not think that you either need anointing or are dying." However, the attack increased in severity, and he was anointed at midnight, and about cock-crow resigned his spirit to the Lord, and on the following night was secretly buried by priests, and borne to the grave by four Irish knights, of whom my father, Dermot [Dermysius] was one. More were not allowed to be present at the funeral, lest there should be anyone who might show the corpse to the English, who were wont to display instances of cruelty even against the dead. Bishop Cornelius came to Spain, and ended his days at Lisbon in the year 1617. Edward Rishton prepared the first edition of Sander's De Schismate Anglicano (begun at Rome about 1572, and left unfinished at Madrid) and rewrote the fourth book of it, but died of the plague at Ste. Ménéhould on June 30, 1585. A few additions were made to this fourth book to bring it up to date, the last event mentioned being the deportation of thirty-two priests and two laymen on Sept. 15, 1585 (An account of them will be found in the Downside Review, xxix. 167177). These additions appear to have been made by one Dr. Jodocus Skarnkert (the name, which is otherwise unknown, is possibly the alias of some English priest,) who saw the work through the press at Cologne, where it was published in the same year. It was this first edition which was translated by David Lewis in 1877. In his preface, Rishton says in the margin that Sander died anno 1581" (Lewis's translation, p._cxlii.). Dr. William Cooke Taylor (1800-1849) has asserted (History,' p. 202) that Sander perished by famine in a miserable hovel, where his body was found mangled by wild beasts"; but he cites no authority. Nor is any cited by W.T. (William Talbot, of Wexford, said to have been related to the Earl of Shrewsbury), who, in the British and Irish Catholic Magazine, Glasgow, April, 1837, p. 372, says that Sander "died in his bed in the house of Florence McCarty, Esq., Co. of Tipperary, of the gravel in 1581." In the earliest biography of Sander, the De Vita et Scriptis Nicolai Sanderi, which is prefixed to his posthumous work De Justificatione contra Colloquium Altemburgense and is probably by his fellowWykehamist John Fenn, Sander is said to have met his death "piously and holily, as a pious and Catholic priest," and the author says later "I have learnt that Dr. Sander has resigned his soul to his Creator in a The De Justificapious and holy manner." tione was published at Trier in 1585, and the writer of the De Vita seems here to be concerned to deny in a categorical manner the statement of Burghley in The Execution of Justice in England,' published in 1583, that Sander died ravening in a phrenesy. The evidence is extremely conflicting: but on the whole I incline to think that Sander As to the place of death, died in 1581. tradition seems to vary between the glen of Aherlow in Co. Tipperary, and the wood of Clonlish in Co. Limerick. He appears to have been buried in some church in the Great Wood, which, with the Great Wood, itself has long ago disappeared. JOHN B. WAINEWRIGHT. ENFIELD PALACE GARDEN.-This very interesting garden, with its venerable Cedar of Lebanon, is soon to be built over (Gardener's Chronicle, 3 Sept.). A series of interesting notes on Robert Uvedale and the old palace will be found at 12 S. ii. An excellent plate of the old tree is in J. G. Strutt's Sylva Britannica' Pl. 7 (1822), its existence being even then threatened. See also Veitch's Manual of the Coniferæ,' p. 420 (1900). It is probable that the seed or cones of the Enfield cedar were given by John Evelyn to Uvedale. J. ARDAGH. AT WINCHELSEA.-I noted in the Press last week that a medieval pavement of red tiles with surface of yellow or green has turned up at Winchelsea under a little garden which lies east of the prison yard of the Court House. The tiles are 10in. square and the Blocked pavement measures 15ft. by 9ft. arches and windows in surrounding walls, and the probability that tiled flooring lies under a brick-path leading to the Court Room steps, seem to promise good results, perhaps the discovery of a Saxon building, if the site were to be systematically investigated. This seems worth a corner in N. & Q." PEREGRINUS. MEDIEVAL PAVEMENT NE Readers' Queries. ELSON'S AND HARDY'S WATCH. Can any reader tell me whether the "Schedule or Inventory " referred to in the will (proved 7 Nov., 1839) of Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy, "Nelson's Hardy," is known to exist? I have seen a watch which obviously was the property first of Admiral Lord Nelson and then of Hardy. Glued on the inner side of the tortoiseshell outer case is a strip of paper on which is inscribed in ink, unquestionably in Nelson's own writing, "Lord Nelson," as indicative of possession. On the inner back of the watch itself is engraved "CAPT. T. M. HARDY/ R.N." in two lines. This watch was not exhibited at the Nelson and Trafalgar Exhibition at Dorchester held in July, 1905. F. P. BARNARD. Bilsby House, near Alford, Lincolnshire. THE ENGINEERS' PREROGATIVE. 66 Army officers of the Huguenot Regiments serving William III and Anne were placed on pension " when unemployed. This was a grant distinct from "half-pay," to which the ordinary officer was entitled as of right, when not serving. There were various conditions attaching to these pensions, among which was a question of the recipient's private resources. To verify the latter, Commissioners were appointed, and each pensioner produced his credentials as also evidence of his need of the continuance of his allowance. These in some cases are sworn to, but in the case of one list of Engineers, the others being marked Refused to make oath," one marked with the addition " relying on his prerogative as Engineer." What was this? Engineers of course owed allegiance to the Master of Ordnance, and in this may lie the answer, but I should be glad to know. W. H. MANCHEE. is EIGHTEENTH and the 'Giants the British and American flags; Winnetka, Illinois. PAUL MCPHARLIN. SLA FARD OF CHILLINGTON.-1. Thos. 2. Thos. Šlaughter married (Barbara) (4th) dau. of Peter Giffard of Chillington, and had issue Henry Slaughter, d. 1823. Was this Thos. Slaughter the son of the Thos. Slaughter, born in 1734, mentioned above? Confirmation of this marriage as well would be greatly appreciated by JOAN R. HUNTLEY. WHIMSICAL ARMS OF ACTORS.—The A quaint, old world ceremony was observed at Guiseley, Yorkshire, yesterday, known as Clipping the Church. CLIPPING THE CHURCH.-What are the Biography and Criticism' on p. 460, there origin and the meaning of the custom is a reference to a MS. by F. A. Edgeworth described in the following cutting from a in the British Museum entitled 'A memoir newspaper of Aug. 7? of Maria Edgeworth with a selection from her letters,' 3 vols., 1867, which was then "unpublished." Has this since been printed? If so, particulars will be appreT. CANN HUGHES. Oakrigg," Scotforth, Lancaster. MONKS AS TRADERS. In a volume of The origin of the curious ritual is lost in antiquity. Children joined hands around the old parish church and chanted hymns. There were many people to witness the custom. 'CACCOCKE." W. M. "The prieste said you rouge whoe can forbear his hands off you and then caled to his servant to bringe his caccocke wch beeinge brought him he helde it up to strike him but his wife cryed out & helde his arms & with much adoe prevailed that hee did not beate him " (MS. Sufferings of Quakers in Cornwall, c. 1657). Does the word caccocke" represent the clerical garment cassock? And would it be likely to inflict a beating? NORMAN PENNEY. 5, Argyll Road, Bournemouth. "A SPLENDID EXILE." A curious slip Foreign Office. Although he had accepted the ciated. - old-time memories of ironworks and collieries in South Yorshire, I find it stated that in the reign of Edward III ecclesiastics were forbidden to meddle with trade or commerce." I am anxious to verify this; and to know if it was in consequence of a statute, an edict, a prohibition or a trade union regulation, and whether it was permanent or temporary? T. WALTER HALL. DORAN-In The Times of Aug 24 I see that in the notice of the late Mr Alban Doran, it is stated that his grandfather, the father of Dr. Doran, was a prisoner of war in France after the Irish rebellion of 1798. Could anyone give a clue to the circumstances of his captivity and career? H. A. RoSE. Oak Glen, St. Brelade, Jersey, C.I. GREGORY OF HIGHHURST, LANCS.—A Gregory family of Lancashire owned an estate called Highhurst, from Adam Gregory in the thirteenth century to his descendant sixteenth century. Gregory lineages in the Gilbert Gregory, of Manchester, late in the Visitations of Lancashire, Shropshire and Nottinghamshire, all refer to this estate. The land holdings, residences and marriages of few miles westerly from Manchester, and that owners of Highhurst make me think it lay a it was not the present Higherhurst. Can any reader of N & Q.' inform me as to where it was? May a New Zealander ask what a sqare-wright" is? The word occurs on a tombstone in Inverness parish churchyard: "In memory of John Note, q is not followed by the usual u. who N..Z. GALLIERS SURNAME. Can any reader give origin of this surname, which is found in Hereford and adjoining counties? J. G. HAWKINS. Sheffield. CART "Davis. ARTER AND POLLOCK, SHIP CHARTERERS.-Can any reader oblige me with information of, or suggestion how to discover, any record of Carter and Pollock, ship charterers, and the port of their business; and also of a ship chartered by them which was lost at Raghley Point, Sligo Bay, Ireland, probably about the years 1750 to 1760 ? R. W. WALSH. 3, Grove Gardens, Isleworth. LAGMAN-In Das Haus,' the German translation of an unnamed novel by the famous Swedish writer, Frederike Bremer (Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1854), an important character is Lagman Frank. The translator explains that Lagman ist der Titel einer gerichtlichen Person in Schweden unter deren Gerichtsbarkeit ein gewisser Landbezirk gehört." This suggests that a Lagman might be more or less equivalent to a County Court Judge. Can any reader give more precise information about his position and functions, and say if the office still exists? Replies. CANONS OF LEICESTER CATHEDRAL IN THE GARB OF ROYAL CHAPLAINS. (clii. 460; cliii. 102). THE parish church of St. Martin, together with all the other parish churches of Leicester, except St. Margaret's, was given by an early lord of that town to the secular canons of the church of St. Mary-in-the-Castle. A later lord founded an abbey of Austin canons in the meadows lying to the north of the town, and in order to provide a sufficient endowment for it, he upset the earlier arrangethe meantime had become a parochial church) ment by giving St. Mary's itself (which in together with all its appropriated and dependent churches (including St. Martin's), as well as all its endowments, both prebendal and parochial, to the newer and more important foundation. These appropriations appear to have con the tinued until the time of Henry VIII.'s quarrel with the Holy See and the resulting break-up of the monastic and other religious corporations. When this took place, the impropriate rectories, with their appurten ant chancels, were not restored to churches from which they had been taken, but were given to the Crown by Act of Parliament. In those days no distinction was recognized between the King's private estates and Crown property, the reigning sovereign holding the latter absolutely at his own disposal; and so the confiscated rectories and chancel freeholds can be said, quite correctly, to have been the King's property or to have " 'belonged to the King.' In this way the Crown became possessed of the rectorial property and chancels, not only of all the ancient Leicester churches, but also of a large number (estimated at considerably over three thousand) of other parish churches, scattered throughout the counties. Any suggestion or implication that St. Martin's chancel had a special distinction or rank among the thousands of chancels coming to the Crown, must be regarded as untrue. It was just one of the general ruck, and there is not a scrap of evidence to prove that any sovereign had ever constituted it a royal chapel, or even used it as such, either for himself, his family or his household. It has never been the custom in this country to describe any building or property as |