Forged Steel Water-tube Marine Boilers ...

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Babcock & Wilcox, 1914 - 220 pages

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Page 66 - The steam gunboat had a single scoop of modern type with a divergent nozzle based on information given in a paper read before the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers of America by EF Hewins and JR Reilly.
Page 12 - The necessary supply of water is to be injected, by means of a forcing pump, into the cap at one end ; and through a tube inserted into the cap at the other end, the steam is to be conveyed to the cylinder of the steam engine. The whole is then to be encircled in brick work or masonry in the usual manner, placed either horizontally or perpendicularly, at option.
Page 127 - If it should be acid, neutralize by adding sodium carbonate. Slight alkalinity does not interfere with the reaction, but should the sample be very alkaline, it may be neutralized with nitric acid. Should it happen that the color does not change within the limits of the graduations, the sample may be tested by diluting with distilled water. For example, add three parts of distilled water to one part of the sample. If then, on testing the mixture, the color changes at 200, the number of grains per...
Page 85 - The accompanying table shows the number of British thermal units that will be absorbed by one pound of water, when heated from 32 degrees to various temperatures below 212 degrees. WATER BETWEEN 32 AND 212 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT There are four notable temperatures for pure water, viz. : 1. Freezing point at sea level, 32° F. . . . Weight per cu. ft. ,62.418 lb.; per cu. in., .03612 Ib. 2. Point of maximum density, 39.1° F.
Page 95 - This, again, involves an assumption which is open to some doubt, which is that steam, when in a quiescent state, drops all its moisture and becomes dry. No other practical method, however, has been proposed, and this is, therefore, the only method used at the present time. Some engineers, however, refuse to make any calibration, but, instead, make an assumed allowance for error. To make the calibration, close the boiler stop valve, which must be on the steam pipe beyond the calorimeter connection....
Page 67 - ... annular channel of the nozzle and put it in communication with the central chamber. The effect is that, when the burner is assembled with the washer in place, oil is delivered through the ducts tangentially to the central chamber where it rapidly revolves and almost immediately is discharged through the orifice in the tip.
Page 191 - L in which x = percentage of moisture; T = calibration reading of lower thermometer ; / = test reading of lower thermometer ; L = latent heat of steam at boiler pressure. The method of taking a sample of steam from the main is of the greatest importance, and more erroneous results are due to improper connections than to any other cause.
Page 12 - These experiments were carried no higher than 280°, at which temperature the elasticity of steam was found equal to about four times the pressure of the atmosphere. By experiments which have lately been made by myself, the elasticity of steam at the temperature of boiling oil, which has been estimated at about 600°, was found to equal forty times the pressure of the atmosphere.
Page 21 - Each section is made up of a series of straight tubes expanded at their ends into sinuous steel boxes known as " headers." The tubes are thus staggered. Extending across the front of the boiler, and connected to the upper ends of the front headers by short tubes, is a horizontal steam and water drum of ample dimensions. As the upper ends of the rear headers are also connected to this drum by horizontal tubes, each section is provided with an inlet and outlet for steam and water.
Page 85 - Sea water (average) has a specific gravity of 1.028, boils at 213.2 degrees F., and weighs 64 pounds per cubic foot at 62 degrees Fahrenheit.

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