Astrobiology: A Brief IntroductionJHU Press, 2006 - 259 pages Astrobiology -- which studies the intimate relationship between life and the cosmos -- is a fast-growing field that touches on aspects of cosmology, astrophysics, and chemistry. In the first scholarly overview of this dynamic field, biochemists Kevin W. Plaxco and Michael Gross tell the story of life from the Big Bang to the present. Emphasizing the biochemical nature of astrobiology, Plaxco and Gross examine the origin of the chemical elements, the events behind the developments that made our Universe habitable, and the ongoing sustenance of life. They discuss the formation of the first galaxies and stars, the diverse chemistry of the primordial planet, the origins of metabolism, the evolution of complex organisms, and the feedback regulation of Earth's climate. They also explore life in extreme habitats, potential extraterrestrial habitats, and the search for extraterrestrial life. This broadly accessible introduction captures the excitement, controversy, and evolution of the dynamic young field of astrobiology. It shows clearly how scientists from different disciplines can combine their special knowledge to enhance our understanding of the Universe we inhabit. |
Contents
What Is Life? | 1 |
Origins of a Habitable Universe | 14 |
Origins of a Habitable Planet | 38 |
Primordial Soup | 61 |
The Spark of Life | 92 |
From Molecules to Cells | 117 |
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active amino acids ammonia anthropic principle archaea astrobiology atmosphere atoms bacteria Big Bang billion years ago biology carbon dioxide catalytic cell chapter chemical CO₂ codons complex compounds condensation contain craters crust crystals density detect early Earth ecosystems electrons energy enzymes eukaryotes Europa evolution evolved example extrasolar planets extraterrestrial extremely formation formose reaction fossils fusion galaxy genes genetic genome geological H₂O habitable zone heat helium homochirality hydrogen hypothesis isotopic Jupiter late heavy bombardment lipids LUCA Mars Martian metabolic meteorite methane Miller-Urey chemistry minerals molecular Moon mutations nebula neutrons nuclei nucleobase nucleotides observed ocean orbit origins oxidized oxygen photosynthesis planetary polymerization polymers polypeptides primordial produce proteins protons reaction relatively requires researchers ribose ribosome ribozyme RNA world rocks samples seems self-replicating sequence sidebar soil Solar System species stars structure sugars suggests sulfide surface synthesized temperature terrestrial planets tion tRNA Universe Venus Viking