Principles of the Manufacture of Iron and Steel: With Some Notes on the Economic Conditions of Their ProductionG. Routledge, 1884 - 744 pages |
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Page 59
... 20 units of iron in Cleveland , say from 11 units of carbonate of lime , gives 11 × 370 1-32 units of carbon in the carbonate of lime would dissolve a like quantity of solid carbon , and would prevent its combustion at the hearth ...
... 20 units of iron in Cleveland , say from 11 units of carbonate of lime , gives 11 × 370 1-32 units of carbon in the carbonate of lime would dissolve a like quantity of solid carbon , and would prevent its combustion at the hearth ...
Page 68
... units of coke and 12.8 units of limestone per 20 units of pig . The analysis of the escaping gases gave the following results , by weight : 1- Carbonic oxide ( CO ) 28.2 Carbonic acid ( CO2 ) 14.9 = Carbon . 12.08 Oxygen . 16.12 = 4:06 ...
... units of coke and 12.8 units of limestone per 20 units of pig . The analysis of the escaping gases gave the following results , by weight : 1- Carbonic oxide ( CO ) 28.2 Carbonic acid ( CO2 ) 14.9 = Carbon . 12.08 Oxygen . 16.12 = 4:06 ...
Page 69
... units ) only amounted to 19:35 units , shewing a disappearance of 2.73 units of carbon . The proportions of carbonic oxide and carbonic acid to nitrogen having also been ascertained in the analysis given above , we have for every 20 units ...
... units ) only amounted to 19:35 units , shewing a disappearance of 2.73 units of carbon . The proportions of carbonic oxide and carbonic acid to nitrogen having also been ascertained in the analysis given above , we have for every 20 units ...
Page 70
... units per 20 units of pig iron , contains of carbonic acid ... ... Units . 21.92 5.63 ... ... A peculiar reaction , to be hereafter described as carbon im- pregnation , probably gives rise to the formation of carbonic acid to the extent ...
... units per 20 units of pig iron , contains of carbonic acid ... ... Units . 21.92 5.63 ... ... A peculiar reaction , to be hereafter described as carbon im- pregnation , probably gives rise to the formation of carbonic acid to the extent ...
Page 80
... 20 units of carbon per 20 units of iron made , might suffice in the furnace , so far as reduction is concerned , supposing a little above 6 units should escape as carbonic acid , and a little under 14 units as carbonic oxide ; but the ...
... 20 units of carbon per 20 units of iron made , might suffice in the furnace , so far as reduction is concerned , supposing a little above 6 units should escape as carbonic acid , and a little under 14 units as carbonic oxide ; but the ...
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Common terms and phrases
20 units actual amount anthracite average Belgium Bessemer blast furnace Britain burnt calcined calories carbon as carbonic carbonic acid cent charcoal charge cinder Clarence Cleveland CO₂ coke collieries combustion compared composition considerable consumed consumption contained converter cost cubic feet cwts district Durham earnings employed England escaping gases estimated experience favour figures fixed carbon forge fuel Germany given hearth heat evolved hematite hot blast hydrogen increase Iron and Steel iron trade ironstone labour less lime limestone loss malleable iron manganese manufacture materials matter metallic iron metalloids Middlesbrough mineral mines nitrogen obtained oxide of iron oxygen paid phosphorus pig iron present produced puddling furnace quantity of carbon railway rates raw coal reduced referred silica silicon slag smelting steel rails Sulphur temperature tons Total tuyeres unit of carbon unit of coke United Kingdom units of iron wages weight
Popular passages
Page 39 - A personal and apparently immaterial event produced a revolution of public feeling, for which it would be difficult to find a parallel in the history of English politics.
Page 381 - It is only within the last quarter of a century, that we have...
Page 585 - Britain ;" elsewhere asserting that it would " prove a match for any part of the world in the production of cheap iron.
Page 300 - Birkinbine, editor of the Journal of the United States Association of Charcoal Iron Workers.
Page 489 - So far as my own observation goes, I should say that the...
Page 478 - ... were sugar, salt, coals, candles, soap, shoes, stockings, and generally all articles of clothing and all articles of bedding. It may be added, that the old coats and blankets would have been, not only more costly, but less serviceable than the modern fabrics.
Page 315 - Fuller's earth to the extent of 5 per cent of the weight of the tallow is added and the whole mass agitated about thirty minutes.
Page 478 - Second, was fifty shillings. Bread therefore, such as is now given to the inmates of a workhouse, was then seldom seen, even on the trencher of a yeoman or of a shopkeeper. The great majority of the nation lived almost entirely on rye, barley, and oats.
Page 390 - The nature of the gases evolved during the blowing of a charge of Bessemer steel has recently been investigated by Mr. GJ Snelus, who has given the following tabular statement of the composition of the gas at different periods of a blow lasting eighteen minutes. I.
Page i - Principles of the manufacture of iron and steel, with some notes on the economic condition of their production.