Principles of the Manufacture of Iron and Steel: With Some Notes on the Economic Conditions of Their ProductionG. Routledge, 1884 - 744 pages |
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Page 48
... calories or units , while the same weight of hydrogen gas affords 34,000 units . Again , the combustion of the same body is accompanied by the evolution of very different quantities of heat , according to the amount of oxygen with which ...
... calories or units , while the same weight of hydrogen gas affords 34,000 units . Again , the combustion of the same body is accompanied by the evolution of very different quantities of heat , according to the amount of oxygen with which ...
Page 49
... calories or heat units contained in a given weight of any known body at a known temperature . Let us apply this formula first to 10 kilogrammes of water , and then to the same weight of a substance having one - fourth the specific heat ...
... calories or heat units contained in a given weight of any known body at a known temperature . Let us apply this formula first to 10 kilogrammes of water , and then to the same weight of a substance having one - fourth the specific heat ...
Page 50
... calories per kilogr . Heat evolved by the combustion of 10 kilogr . of solid carbon , giving 8,000 calories per kilogramme Calories . = 222,000 = ... ... 80,000 302,000 From which has to be deducted the heat required for expelling the ...
... calories per kilogr . Heat evolved by the combustion of 10 kilogr . of solid carbon , giving 8,000 calories per kilogramme Calories . = 222,000 = ... ... 80,000 302,000 From which has to be deducted the heat required for expelling the ...
Page 52
... calories calculated as disappearing , something like 100,000 may be saved ; viz . 56,000 by avoiding a part of the waste in the coke itself , and 44,000 calories in the generation of steam . Among the more elaborate systems of coke ...
... calories calculated as disappearing , something like 100,000 may be saved ; viz . 56,000 by avoiding a part of the waste in the coke itself , and 44,000 calories in the generation of steam . Among the more elaborate systems of coke ...
Page 59
... calories ; now 1.32 × 3,000 = 3,960 Making a total theoretical gain of 8.030 This number divided by 3,000 , the number of calories afforded by fuel in the hearth , gives an estimated saving of 2.67 units of fuel on the 20 of iron ...
... calories ; now 1.32 × 3,000 = 3,960 Making a total theoretical gain of 8.030 This number divided by 3,000 , the number of calories afforded by fuel in the hearth , gives an estimated saving of 2.67 units of fuel on the 20 of iron ...
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Common terms and phrases
20 units actual amount anthracite average Belgium Bessemer blast furnace Britain burnt calcined calories carbon as carbonic carbonic acid cent charcoal charge cinder Clarence Cleveland CO₂ coke collieries combustion compared composition considerable consumed consumption contained converter cost cubic feet cwts district Durham earnings employed England escaping gases estimated experience favour figures fixed carbon forge fuel Germany given hearth heat evolved hematite hot blast hydrogen increase Iron and Steel iron trade ironstone labour less lime limestone loss malleable iron manganese manufacture materials matter metallic iron metalloids Middlesbrough mineral mines nitrogen obtained oxide of iron oxygen paid phosphorus pig iron present produced puddling furnace quantity of carbon railway rates raw coal reduced referred silica silicon slag smelting steel rails Sulphur temperature tons Total tuyeres unit of carbon unit of coke United Kingdom units of iron wages weight
Popular passages
Page 39 - A personal and apparently immaterial event produced a revolution of public feeling, for which it would be difficult to find a parallel in the history of English politics.
Page 381 - It is only within the last quarter of a century, that we have...
Page 585 - Britain ;" elsewhere asserting that it would " prove a match for any part of the world in the production of cheap iron.
Page 300 - Birkinbine, editor of the Journal of the United States Association of Charcoal Iron Workers.
Page 489 - So far as my own observation goes, I should say that the...
Page 478 - ... were sugar, salt, coals, candles, soap, shoes, stockings, and generally all articles of clothing and all articles of bedding. It may be added, that the old coats and blankets would have been, not only more costly, but less serviceable than the modern fabrics.
Page 315 - Fuller's earth to the extent of 5 per cent of the weight of the tallow is added and the whole mass agitated about thirty minutes.
Page 478 - Second, was fifty shillings. Bread therefore, such as is now given to the inmates of a workhouse, was then seldom seen, even on the trencher of a yeoman or of a shopkeeper. The great majority of the nation lived almost entirely on rye, barley, and oats.
Page 390 - The nature of the gases evolved during the blowing of a charge of Bessemer steel has recently been investigated by Mr. GJ Snelus, who has given the following tabular statement of the composition of the gas at different periods of a blow lasting eighteen minutes. I.
Page i - Principles of the manufacture of iron and steel, with some notes on the economic condition of their production.