Principles of the Manufacture of Iron and Steel: With Some Notes on the Economic Conditions of Their ProductionG. Routledge, 1884 - 744 pages |
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Page xix
... value of coal , and rise in men's wages ... 295 388 511 ... Plate 10 , diagram showing price of Scotch pig iron , and earnings of colliers in Scotland and in Westphalia ... 517 ↓ SECTION I. INTRODUCTORY . AFTER the completion of my.
... value of coal , and rise in men's wages ... 295 388 511 ... Plate 10 , diagram showing price of Scotch pig iron , and earnings of colliers in Scotland and in Westphalia ... 517 ↓ SECTION I. INTRODUCTORY . AFTER the completion of my.
Page 30
... earning on an average 4s . or 5s . per day . In producing the bloom , six times its weight of charcoal is used , and half the iron contained in the ore is lost . In reheating the crude lump for forging into a bar , one half its weight ...
... earning on an average 4s . or 5s . per day . In producing the bloom , six times its weight of charcoal is used , and half the iron contained in the ore is lost . In reheating the crude lump for forging into a bar , one half its weight ...
Page 347
... earning 3s . 6d . per shift , which was the average wage when I was in Sweden , the labour only amounts to from 10s . to 12s . per ton . The consumption of char- coal , using air at 212 ° F. ( 100 ° C. ) , is given at about 1,400 lbs ...
... earning 3s . 6d . per shift , which was the average wage when I was in Sweden , the labour only amounts to from 10s . to 12s . per ton . The consumption of char- coal , using air at 212 ° F. ( 100 ° C. ) , is given at about 1,400 lbs ...
Page 476
... earnings of the workpeople , all told , were under 2s . per day , or less than one - half the rate paid in England ; notwithstanding which , for the reasons already assigned , the cost for labour per ton of iron was about the same as ...
... earnings of the workpeople , all told , were under 2s . per day , or less than one - half the rate paid in England ; notwithstanding which , for the reasons already assigned , the cost for labour per ton of iron was about the same as ...
Page 477
... earnings in 1878 of an Austrian coal hewer . Having thus shown in general terms that on the first appearance of manufacturing enterprises in an agricultural country they have their rate of wages determined in a great measure by the ...
... earnings in 1878 of an Austrian coal hewer . Having thus shown in general terms that on the first appearance of manufacturing enterprises in an agricultural country they have their rate of wages determined in a great measure by the ...
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Common terms and phrases
20 units actual amount anthracite average Belgium Bessemer blast furnace Britain burnt calcined calories carbon as carbonic carbonic acid cent charcoal charge cinder Clarence Cleveland CO₂ coke collieries combustion compared composition considerable consumed consumption contained converter cost cubic feet cwts district Durham earnings employed England escaping gases estimated experience favour figures fixed carbon forge fuel Germany given hearth heat evolved hematite hot blast hydrogen increase Iron and Steel iron trade ironstone labour less lime limestone loss malleable iron manganese manufacture materials matter metallic iron metalloids Middlesbrough mineral mines nitrogen obtained oxide of iron oxygen paid phosphorus pig iron present produced puddling furnace quantity of carbon railway rates raw coal reduced referred silica silicon slag smelting steel rails Sulphur temperature tons Total tuyeres unit of carbon unit of coke United Kingdom units of iron wages weight
Popular passages
Page 39 - A personal and apparently immaterial event produced a revolution of public feeling, for which it would be difficult to find a parallel in the history of English politics.
Page 381 - It is only within the last quarter of a century, that we have...
Page 585 - Britain ;" elsewhere asserting that it would " prove a match for any part of the world in the production of cheap iron.
Page 300 - Birkinbine, editor of the Journal of the United States Association of Charcoal Iron Workers.
Page 489 - So far as my own observation goes, I should say that the...
Page 478 - ... were sugar, salt, coals, candles, soap, shoes, stockings, and generally all articles of clothing and all articles of bedding. It may be added, that the old coats and blankets would have been, not only more costly, but less serviceable than the modern fabrics.
Page 315 - Fuller's earth to the extent of 5 per cent of the weight of the tallow is added and the whole mass agitated about thirty minutes.
Page 478 - Second, was fifty shillings. Bread therefore, such as is now given to the inmates of a workhouse, was then seldom seen, even on the trencher of a yeoman or of a shopkeeper. The great majority of the nation lived almost entirely on rye, barley, and oats.
Page 390 - The nature of the gases evolved during the blowing of a charge of Bessemer steel has recently been investigated by Mr. GJ Snelus, who has given the following tabular statement of the composition of the gas at different periods of a blow lasting eighteen minutes. I.
Page i - Principles of the manufacture of iron and steel, with some notes on the economic condition of their production.