Palemon and Lavinia, story of, 299, 300.
PALES, the Roman goddess of cattle and pastures. Her fes-
tival, the Palilia, was celebrated on the 21st April. Cakes
of millet and milk were offered, and the rustics leaped
thrice through fires of straw kindled in a row, besides
other ceremonies of purification, or fire baptism.
Pallas, the Greek name of Minerva. See Minerva.
Pallene, a peninsula between the gulfs Saloniki and Cassan-
dria, Turkey. The gods and Titans made it their battle-
ground.

Palmetto and W. I. shade-trees, 440; tamarind, 440, 423.
PAN (all), the impersonation of the visible universe in ac-
tion; whence his attributes were very various. Ordinarily,
he was deemed the god of shepherds, and represented
with a human trunk upon goat's legs and hoofs; his head
bore a laughing, flat-nosed, human face, surmounted by
horns; he played upon a fistula, syrinx, or pandean pipe,
made of hollow reeds of different lengths, joined side by
side. He was lecherous and irascible, but good-natured
and droll. His worship originated in Arcadia. Note, p.

18.

PAN; music, attributes, pipe, allegory of, 58.

PANOPE, the Nereids, invoked by sailors. See Nymphs.
Papaws, the, the best of the races of negroes, 436.
Paper, of Britain, 66.

Paphian, belonging to Paphos, a town of Cyprus, famous for
the licentious worship of Venus, who was hence called the
Paphian queen. See Venus.

Parade, out of place in the country, 263.

Paradise, rural, none exists, says Crabbe, 315; - Milton's
description of, eulogized, 165; -renewed, 493, 484.
Parental counsels, value of, 476, 477.

Parian, relating to Paros, an island of the Greek archipel-
ago, famed for its statuary marble and ancient power.
Paris, its contrasts of vice and virtue, squalidness and
splendor, evil and good, 288; the Louvre; suicide, har-
lotry, Magdalene hospitals, gambling, orphanage, woe,
guilt, 288; the country contrasted with it, 288; — Rous-
seau's apostrophe to, 288.

Parish foundling, Sir R. Monday, 321, 322.

Parish priest, 256; a jolly youth, sportsman, and whist-
player, 258.

Parish Register: Marriages: by Geo. Crabbe, 369-374;
Baptisms, 315–322 ; — Burials, 407-415.

Parlor twilight, 459, 460.

Parnassus, a hill with two steep peaks, overlooking Delphi,
the seat of the Muses. See Muses; Delphi; Helicon.
PARNELL, THOMAS, born Dublin, 1679; died 1718. Arch-
deacon of Clogher; contributor to Spectator and Guard-
ian. Fleeing from his parsonage to London, he became
the intimate of the leading men of letters; but his death
was hastened by intemperance, occasioned by the loss of
his wife.

PARNELL'S Health,' an eclogue, 254.

Parson Addle; Peele, 414; - Grandspear, 415, 416; Par-
sons of the Village, 414, 415.
Parson's horse, 322.

PARTHENIA. See Minerva.
Parthians, a people originally from the south-east of the
Caspian, whose empire equalled the Assyrian, lasted from
256 to 126 B. C., and imposed an effectual check upon
Rome in the height of power.
Partridge-snaring, described by Gay, 30.
Partridge-snaring, 292; soldiers, 292.
Passions, the: a poem, by Armstrong, 451-455.
Past and present contrasted, among laborers, 197.
Pastor, the Village, 36, 268; various kinds of, 269.
Pastorals, for March, 15-18; April, 45, 46; May, 88;
June, 153; July, 198; August, 253, 254; September,
311-314; October, 336; November, 367, 368; December,
406; January, 450; February, 487, 488.

Pastorals, modern, ridiculed, 255; Virgil's Eclogues, pipes,
ploughs, and poetry, 255.

Pastorel, the mountain champion; his birth, business, and
accomplishments, 91.

Pastures, sheep, improvement of, 498.

Pasturing, in the morning, 226; forenoon, 226; in sum-
mer, 226; oak-shade, grove, 226; evening, 226.
Passion of the Groves, the, 9, 10. Patagonians, 251.
Patriotism, 472; outburst of British upon the French, 97;
-of Abdolonymus, 171, 172;-of Lord Manners, 259,
260; British, 472.

Patriot's, the, prayer for his country, 151; - virtues, 151;
patriots are glorious, 474.

Patty, the milkmaid, 56, 68; described; her story, 56, 57;
marriage with Thyrsis, 56, 57; her milking, 68; butter-
making, cheese-making, home, 69.

Paul's spinning machines, 504, 506.

Pauper laborer's burial; mourned by his little friends, the
village children; the parson's neglect, 258.

Paupers, their apothecary and priest, 257, 258 ; — death-
bed, 258.

Peace, contrasted with war, 30; to be preferred to war;
exhortation to Prince George, 70; - Quiet, Pleasure, from
Grongar Hill, 76; of mind, inconsistent with abject
poverty, 256, 257; -prosperity and glory of Anne's
reign, 294; nature's aspect changed, when one's peace
is made with God,' 364.
Peacock, 57; in spring, 11.

Pear-trees, 381; clayey and gravelly soil good for, 378.
Peasant, peaceful life of, 220; - paupers, farmers, 317;
story of Isaac Ashford, the noble peasant,' 410, 411 ;
Spring Musings of the peasant poet, 53; peasant's nest,
247; advantages and inconveniences of solitude, 247,
248.
Peasantry, a manly, irrenewable, 35; exiled by luxury,
Peculiarities of plants, as to soil, habitat, country, 215.
Pedantic gardener, his names, plants, and lobes, 321.
Peggy, now the king's come !' a song (IX.), 109, 110.
PELEUS, a King of Thessaly, father of Achilles, who is
hence called 'Peleus' son.' See Achilles.

37.

Pelion, a range of mountains along part of the east coast of
Thessaly. The giants, in their battle with the gods, piled
this mountain on Mt. Ossa, and both on Olympus.
PELOPS, son of Tantalus, King of Phrygia, who killed the
infant Pelops, and served him up for food to the gods;
only a bit of his shoulder was eaten, which was replaced
by ivory, when he was restored to life. Tantalus was
punished in hell, by perpetual thirst, with a cup of water
ever before him, which tantalized him by ever eluding his
grasp.

Peneus, a river of Thessaly. See note, p. 17.
PENTHEUS, note on, 452.

PERCIVAL, JAMES G., poet and geologist. Born at Berlin,
Connecticut, where he spent most of his life in literary
drudgery beneath his abilities. His Coral Grove is one
of the most charming and perfect descriptive pieces of
fancy in any language. Graduated at Yale, he studied
medicine, became an assistant surgeon in the army, and
professor of chemistry at West Point. He surveyed Con-
necticut and Wisconsin geologically, by state authority;
but while this is penning the telegraph announces his
death, May, 1856.

PERCIVAL'S Reign of May, 101, 102; - Spring, 52.
Perfumes, 156.

PERSES, a younger brother of Hesiod, who, by bribing the
judges, defrauded Hesiod in his share of the inheritance;
Hesiod wrote the Works and Days,' to improve the
character of his brother, and teach him how to seek
wealth, not by litigation, but by a life of industry.
Perspiration, checked, evils of, 339; drinking water after
sweating, caution, 339.

Peru, 295; conquests of art over nature in, 275.
Pestilence, from miasmata, 145; tropical, 145.
Peter Pratt, the gardener, and his names, 321.
Peter the Great, his heroic education and exploits, 404,
405.

Petty ambitions, 321. Pheasant, 43; death of one, 292.
Phebe Dawson, the village belle, her lover, fall, marriage,
and misery, 370, 371; fly temptation, 371.
PHILIPS, JOHN, born Bampton, Oxfordshire, 1676; died
1708. Liberally educated and well connected, he counted
many men of eminence among his friends. He wrote
Blenheim, the Splendid Shilling, and Cider, pp. 377-391.
PHILIPS, JOHN, allusion to, by Cowper, 83;-invocation
to him, 89; complimented, 97; -Cider :' a poem in
two books, 377-391.

Phillida and Corydon: a ballad, by Breton, 129.
Philomel, Philomela, a classic name for the nightingale,
note, p. 9.

Philosopher, rural, his happiness, 220. See Country Gen-

tleman.

Philosophy of nature, according to Dr. Hales, 59; of Epi-
curus, 64; - praise of, 152; - a religious, the only true,
81, 82; apostrophe to, 151; origin of home, society,
arts; guides society, explores creation, reveals God, ex-
plains man, 152; its limits, 152;-frees not from spir-
itual death, 474.

PHEBUS, the Greek name of Apollo; the sun. See Apollo.
Picnic, the, 282.

Pipes, ploughs, poetry, 255.

Pirate-ship compared to Mopsa, 99.

Plague, the, its origin and effects, 145, 146; Ethiopia, Cai-
ro, putrid locusts; effects on prince, judge, trader, city,
prisoner, 145; general selfishness, 145, 146; despair,
146;- English, sweating, of the 14th century, 342. See
Epidemic.

Plantation, sugar, conflagration of, 429, 430.

Planter, the good, described, 422; Montano, the exile, 422,
423; his advice, 423; - W. India, exhorted to humanity,
437.

Plants, their infinitude, 5; uses of, 6;-medicinal, of
Britain, 67; their various habits (85, 132) require va-
rious provisions, 85; - loves and aversions between, with
instances, 379.

Plata, river Of Plate,' South America, 143.

Pleasure, as a goddess, meretricious; adultery, prostitution,
80; none real without innocence, 263 ; — as an end, 453;
-empty, 479;-seekers of, indifferent to others' woe,
398.

PLEIADES, seven daughters of Atlas and the Ocean-nymph,
Pleione; Orion chased them, and Jupiter changed them
into the constellation now called the Seven Stars; it is in
the Bull's head. They rise in spring, whence the Romans
called them Vergilia, spring-stars.'

Plough, 56;-how to make one, 209; a wooden one, 20;
-when, how, and what to plough, 208; fallows, rotation,
208;-plough and pen, 372; - plough-horse well cared
for, 447. See Dobbin.

Ploughing; birds following, 42; -in spring, 4;—in au-
tumn, 332; -Hesiod's remarks on, 21;-time, mid-
winter, and late spring, 21, 22;-time for, Virgil, 207;
-times for, in the vineyard, 207.

Ploughman, how to choose one, 21;-a good one, 56.
Plovers, a sign of spring, 3. Poaching, 259.

PLUTO, the subterranean Jove, god of the lower world, king
of the dead; notes, 3, p. 26, and 1. p. 21.
Poet, at noon, 141; why he seeks retirement, 366, 361; -
minute, satirized; breadth necessary to rural pictures,
285; hints to rural poets, 284-289; — blessedness of,
284. See Rural Poets.

Poetry, 152; - cannot soothe the underfed and overtasked,
255; — rebukes, not glorifies, cruelty and slaughter, 301;
-true use of, 503; rural, precepts for (Delille), 284—
239;- Virgil a model, 288; -rural, Boileau, Virgil,

263.

Poisons, antidotes to, 425. Poison-fish of the W. I., 425.
Polar regions; ships locked in ice; thaw, 404, 405.
Political corruption, worse than highway robbery, 87; -
profligates, 87; idols, 483.

Politicians satirized, 457; demagogues, 457.
Politics and rural peace contrasted, 27.

Polly Raynor, crazy, her story, 332, 333; prayer, 333.
POLYMNIA, or POLYHYMNIA (many-songs), the muse of
singing and rhetoric, and inventress of harmony. See
Muses. Veiled in white, she carried a sceptre in her left
hand, while her right was raised, as if haranguing.
POMONA, a Roman goddess presiding over fruit-trees.
ter much courting, she married Vertumnus.
story in Ovid.

Af-
See the

Ponds, lakes, rivers, in gardening, 176;-artificial, use of
in correcting unhealthy dryness, 49.

Pontus, a region on the south shore of the Black Sea, 208;
famous for poisons and its king Mithridates.
Poor, the self-denying, 10;-herded in cities, 37; causes
and effects of it, 37, 38;-relation of the poor and rich,
196; too much separated, 196;-consequent feelings of
the poor, 196, 197;-aggravations of their lot, 256 ; —
causes of their misery, 317; - abodes, 317; - the vi-
cious poor described (Crabbe), 316, 317;-corrupting
habits of, 317; the poor in winter; encouraged, 461;
vices of, 461, 462.

Poor-house, English, 257, 258.

POPE, ALEXANDER, born, London, May, 1688; died, Twick-
enham, May, 1744. Son of a linen-draper, he was brought
up a Roman Catholic. His height was four feet; he was
of a sickly habit, and his irritability engaged him in many
literary quarrels. Before his twelfth year he had written
the Ode on Solitude; his admired pastorals (198) were
printed in 1709; the Messiah and Windsor Forest, before
1714; and the Prayer (134), in 1738.

POPE, his censure of stiff, formal gardens, 165, 166 ; — ded-
ication to, 187;-affectionate compliment to, 400; —
'Messiah,' 191, 192;- Mutual Dependence, 330;
'Summer,' an eclogue, 198;-Universal Order,' 296;
-Universal Prayer, 134; - Windsor Forest, 291-295.
Population, manufacturing, 506; — Leeds, 506.
Porto Santo, a town of St. Christopher, W. I.
Portraits of Poverty as it is, by Crabbe, 317-322.
PORUS, King of N.W. India, in 330 B. C. Alexander con-
quered him, and gave him back additional territory.
Posies presented to their loves by shepherds, 158.
Post-horse, his miseries, 447.

POUSSIN, the famous French landscape painter, 163.
Poverty, rustic, relieved, 268;-oppressions of by wealth,
65; poverty as it is, 255-260, 315-322, 369-374, 407—
415; its rhyme and reason, 255.

Power, place, and cares, 263; city cares and country peace,
263.

Praise of seclusion and retirement, 86.

Praise to the Almighty Father, 137, 482. See God; Na-
ture; Psalms; Hymns.

-

Prayer for national peace, love, charity, truth, courage,
temperance, chastity, industry, public spirit, 151;-of
Prince Abdolonymus, 171;- for Great Britain's health,
342; Early Morning, a hymn, by Vaughan, 244.
Preservation is perpetual creation, note, pp. 62, 478.
Prevention of vice and crime better than revenge, 252.
PRIAPUS, a rural god, representing the productive principle;
the god of gardens and fruitfulness. He is figured as
ruddy, his cloak filled with all kinds of fruits, and a
scythe in his hand. Images of him, often obscene, were
placed in gardens, with bells attached, for scarecrows.
Pride, its reasonings false and guidance ruinous, 473; —
manly, of the laborer, 256.

Primrose, 8;-in spring, 132.

Prince of Wales, Dodsley's Agriculture inscribed to, 55.
Prizes at the May Games, 91.

Products of Britain, 66, 67. See Britain.
Progress of Love: a poem, in four eclogues, by Lyttelton,
187-190; Uncertainty, 187; Hope, 187, 188; Jealousy,
188, 189; Possession, 189, 190.

Progress, by alternation of life and death, 204; — spiritual,
retirement favorable to, 360.

Proprietor, how he should live in the country, 263, 264.
PROSERPINE, or PERSEPHONE, daughter of Ceres and Jupi-
ter. She was gathering flowers in the field of Enna, Sic-
ily, when Pluto seized her, carried her down to Hades,
and made her his queen.

Prospect, from the mountain top, widening, 75 ; — from
Grongar Hill, 77; an English, described (Cowper), 245 ;
sheep, hay-cart, woodlands; ash, lime, beach, 248;—
a rural, 247;- how to show one, 163.
Prosperity of states, vicissitudes in, 499.
Prostitute, child of the, 319.

Prostitution, 80.
Proteus, the shepherd of the seas, his cave, herds of seals,
metamorphoses, defeat, 234, 235; story of Orpheus, 235,

236.

Providence, man's criticism of, presumptuous, 138; the fly
on the dome, 138; - the Divine, 147;-unexplained in
this life, 152; providences have special regard to our,
spiritual progress, 458.

Prudish spinster, story of; house, finery, pets, avarice,
410.

Pruning, 83;-of apple-trees, time of, 380.

Psalm XIX., of David, imitated by Addison, 134; XXIII.,
by Addison, 78; VIII., by Merrick, 40; XLII., 1, by
Quarles, 358.

Psalms of Praise, for April, 78; May, 134; June, 191, 192;
September, 330; October, 358; November, 394.
Public applause, hollow, 99;-benefactors, 271; — spirit,
its triumphs, 501.

Pulverization, thorough, of soils, necessary, 268.
Purity, formerly and now, 80.

PYTHAGORAS, the philosopher, born on the island of Samos,
lived between 608 and 466 B. C., p. 7, and note. Remark-
able from childhood, he sought knowledge in Ionia, Phe-
nicia, Egypt, where he dwelt 22 years, and also, it is said,
in Persia and India. He finally fixed his residence in

Southern Italy. His doctrines blended politics and religion,
taught abstinence from flesh, and made much of numbers
and music; and he had exoteric, or outer, and esoteric, or
inner discipleship, with the degrees, signs, and discipline,
of a kind of freemasonry.

QUARLES, FRANCIS, born in Essex, Eng., in 1592; died in
1644. Educated at Cambridge, he afterwards studied at
Lincoln's Inn, and was successively cupbearer to Eliza-
beth, Queen of Bohemia, secretary to Archbishop Usher,
and chronologer to the city of London. He espoused the
cause of Charles I., and was harassed to death by the
other party. His Divine Emblems, published in 1645 (see
extracts, pp. 192, 330, 358), made him the darling of
plebeian judgments,' under the name, it is believed, of
Hermit Quarles.
Psalm XLII. 1, Longing
after God, 358;- Psalm XLII. 2, Longing to see God,
330.

QUARLES'S Delight in God, 192;

--

Ram, how to choose; good points; fight, 68; washed by
sturdy boy, 139; fights of rams, 492.

Ramble, morning, 76; school-boy's, 246;-evening, of
lovers, 149.

Rambler, Robert Dingley, story of, 411, 412.

RAMSAY, ALLAN, whose very name is now an impersona-
tion of Scottish scenery and manners,' born 1686, in Lan-
arkshire, where his father was a manager of mines. At
fifteen he was apprenticed to a wig-maker, in Edinburgh,
and did not commence writing till he was twenty-six years
of age. He became the friend of Pope and Gay; married
and set up a book-store, editing the Tea-Table Miscellany,
also the Evergreen. His Gentle Shepherd is the best
specimen of the pastoral' in any language. Through
his thrift and cheerful sense, he became prosperous and
influential, and built the Lodge, cut p. 128, on the north
side of Castle Hill, Edinburgh. He died June 17th, 1758,
aged 72.

-

RAMSAY'S Gentle Shepherd, 103–128 ; — Richy and San-
dy, 336;-Songs. See Sangs.
Rank, its disgusting accompaniments, 58.
Ranunculus, 8.

Raphael, 163; note quoting his letter, 179.

Rats, destructive to cane-plants, 424; how to destroy them;
cats, snakes, gallinazos, Ibbos; ratsbane, nightshade,
424.

READ, THOMAS BUCHANAN, born in Pennsylvania, in 1822.
He went to Cincinnati, at the age of 17, and devoted him-
self to the fine arts; in 1847, he published, in Boston, his
Lays and Ballads; his latest work is 'The New Pastoral,'
1855.

READ'S Stranger on the Door-sill: an ode, 416.

Reapers, 194; and harvest, 299.

Reflections of mature rural life; soliloquy, 373.

Red-streak apple, its praise, as the best, 381, 382.

Reform, legal, urged, 399.

Refreshment in the harvest-fields, 195.

Regimen, delicate, enslave not yourself to it, 239, 340.
Register. See Parish.

Reign of May an ode, by J. G. Percival, 101, 102.
Reindeer, 403; as food, 202.

Religion, 501; the handmaid of joy and moral pleasures,
366; necessary to true science, 81, 82.

Religious rites, observed by Roman farmers in spring and
autumn, 211.

Reminiscences of Grainger, Johnson, Percy, White, Lennox,
434.

Remorse, effects of, 312.

Repentance, 13,

Respect to Age: an eclogue, by William Browne, 487,
488.

Resurrection, the, a symbol of, 131; the general, 131.

Retirement, rural, 170; favorable to virtue, 36; and se-
clusion, praise of, 86; self-improvement, self-content,
170;-sought by the disappointed statesman, 363;—
various motives to; the poet's, the lover's, 361; choice of
books in, 365, 366; friendship in, 366 ; —forbids not the
highest usefulness, 485.

Retirement: a poem, from Table Talk, by W. Cowper, 359
-366.

Retired statesman; his rural companions; the mechanic,
363.

Retrospection, excited by music, 476.

Reuben and Rachel, a prudent, happy marriage; their
thrift and comforts, 373; like two sturdy elms, 373.
Revel, the, after a fox-chase, described, 302; — May-Day,
97.

Revery, and thought, 365;-a repose of the mind, 460;
reveries of a spring morn, 8.

Revivescence of forests, a type of man's, 131.

Rhadamanth, the justice; speech, 94, 95; — arrests Hob-
binol for seduction, 100.

Rhyme and reason of poverty, 255.

Rhymed lessons for July, 244; - for August, 296.

Rich and poor, in Great Britain, 37;- tending further
apart, 196; their relation; feelings of the poor, 196,
197.

Richard Monday's story, 321.

Richard I., his exploits, 390.

Richmond, in the valley of the Thames, England, 149; - as
a healthy home, 48; grounds, 64; Richmond-hill land-
scape, 149; London, 149; Richmond and Windsor, 162.
Richy and Sandy: Ramsay's pastoral on Addison's death,
336.

Ridge, a breezy, recommended, 50.

Rill, how to dispose of; the Lin, 176; busy life of one,
312.

Riot, at May-games, 92-94; village riots, 259.
Ripening, artificial, 385; — of various ciders, 388.
Riquet, engineer of the Languedoc canal, 275.
River-god's address to Marina, 155, 156.
Rivers seen from Grongar Hill, 75, 76; like life, 76; —
unhealthiness of marshy, 48; of South America, 143;
a river personified, and its bustling life described, 157; -
sources of the, Nile, Po, Euphrates, Don, 202; homes of
the rivers and lakes, described by Virgil, 234; river nav-
igation, 509.

Rivulet, the: an ode, by W. C. Bryant, 261;-use of in
enlivening the air, 49, 50.
Roadster, the, described, 69.

Roast meats, recommended, 49.

Robert and Susan, a frugal, contented pair, 319.
ROBIN HOOD, note on, p. 32; ballads on, 32-34.
Robin redbreast, 398 ; — in winter, 477.
Robin Dingley, the poor sailor rambler, 411, 412.
Roger Cuff, the abused uncle, story of, 413, 414.
ROGERS, SAMUEL, born 1762; died Dec., 1855, aged 93. A
poet of perfect taste, an accomplished traveller, a lover of
the fair and good, a worshipper of the classic glories of
the past, and, withal, a banker who left a large property
at his death. His hospitality and benevolence were inex-
haustible. He was contemporary with some of the most
distinguished people and events in history, and first
appeared as an author in 1786, at the same time with
Burns.

ROGERS's Rural Retreat: a sonnet, 205; — Italian Cot, 324.
Roller, 56.
Rose, damask, 9. Rot and worms, 381.
Romans, early, their rustic virtues, 221;- worthies of
Rome, 400. See Mighty Dead.

Romney, Lord, eulogized, 431, 432.

Romulus, son of Mars and a Vestal Virgin, and founder of
Rome, in 1752 B. C.

Rook, love-song of, 8; city of the, in spring, 11; rooks

and crows, how to guard against, 62.

Rosy Hannah: a ballad, by Bloomfield, 74.

Rotation of crops, 208; ashes, 208.

Rousseau's apostrophe to Paris, 288.

-

-retirement, by Goldsmith, 36;- Odes for April, 51-
54; independence, 58; - Ballads for April, 71–74 ; —
scenes, calculated to soothe and elevate, 82;-life, its
advantages, Cowper, 82; - life, distaste of, a cause of de-
generacy, 86; repast of May-day, 97; - feast, 196; its
guests, 196; changes, 197; - Retreat a sonnet, by Sam-
uel Rogers, 205; - Happiness (Virgil), 219, 220, 221;—
Poems, by Milton, 239-243;-sights and sounds, 247;
-and city life, contrasted, 252; - games (Crabbe), 256 ;
Philosopher, or Country Gentleman, 263-289; — taste
should be formed, 264;-choice, 271;- - Poetry, solace
to the author's disappointments, 273;- retirement, its
quiet and hopes, 273; — poets, monuments to, 267; Ber-
ghem, Virgil, Theocritus, Bion, St. Lambert, Thomson,
Pope, Gesner, 267; Polish compliment to Delille, 268;
and note, p. 289; Poetry, Delille's precepts and hints
for, 284-289;-retirement, Delille's longings for, 288;
-scenes, Cooper's Hill; Denham, Cowley, 293;-com-
petence, study, botanizing, etc., 293; life, 308;-re-
tirement, a common craving, 359; Cowper's aim in it,
366;-life, nature, its reflections, 373;- Poets ad-
dressed, Hesiod, Virgil, Dyer, Philips, Smart, Somerville,
417;-evenings, employments, 458;- philosopher and
philosophy, 458 ; — Poetry, Virgil, Milton, 463, 464 ; —
life, apostrophe to, 464; Walks. See Walk.
Russell, Lord William, eulogized, 150.
Ruth, the Gleaner: a ballad, by T. Hood, 290.
Rye, 66; bread of rye, note on, 66.

Sabbath, the Poor Man's: by Grahame, 330.
Sabbath profanation in London, 252;

--

of the village, 258;
interrupted by drunkenness, etc., 258; - bells, 322.
Sabrina, the Severn and its genius: note, 496.
Sap, in spring, 9.

Sage, the, his enjoyment of the country, 263, 264.
Sahara, horrors of its deserts and coasts, 144.
Sailor and farmer, 211; sea-tost, crazed with longing for
land, 249; - his courtship and revenge, 318; — boy, 363;
-the poor, story of, 412;-simile of the 'tame' fox, 413.
Saline earths, how to test, 216.

Sally Gray, the broken-hearted: story of, 325-327.
Salmon-fishing described, 29.

SALVATOR ROSA, an Italian painter of savage scenery, 163.
Samiel, the, 144; camel, sand-spouts, caravan, 144.
Samoiedes, gross and stupid life, 404.
Samphire, gatherers, 278.

Sapphire, 137.

Sands, moving, reclaimed, 274; sand-spouts, 144; sandy
soil, its advantages and disadvantages; how to better it,
60.

Sangs, Scotch, in the Gentle Shepherd, I., 103; II., 103;
III., 106; IV., 106; V., 106; VI., 107, 108; VII., 108;
VIII., 108; IX., 103, 110; X., 111, 112; XI., 112; XII.,
112; XIII., 114; XIV., 116; XV., 118; XVI., 120;
XVII., 122; XVIII., 122; XIX., 123'; XX., 124; XXI.,
128.

SATURN (full), in Greek, Kronos (time), son of Heaven and
Earth, and father of Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto. He
ate up his other children. Jupiter dethroned him, and
he went to Italy, where he civilized the people, taught
them agriculture and the arts, and inaugurated the Sa-
turnian or Golden Age of love and virtue, 221.
Savage, contrasted with civilized, 251; progress of, 298.
Saxon kings, their wars, 389, 390; Edgar, 389, 390.
Scab, the, 491. See Sheep. Scarecrows, 380; best, 42.
Scent, causes of; when it does not lie, 347, 348.
Science, must be religious to advance, 81, 82; - preten-
sions of, reproved; bootless toil; follies and conceit of,
81; reach of, 152.

Schoolmaster, village, by Goldsmith, 36, 37; - by Delille,

Scythians, 403; the armory of Providence, 403,

Sea, conquests over, in Holland; dikes, meadows, pas-
tures, 276. See Ocean.

Seaboard population, a vicious, described; smugglers, in-
stead of happy swains,' 256.

Sea-shore, fashionable migration to, 364; ocean, 364; —
humid marshes near, occasion dropsy, palsy, gout, ague,
scurvy, catarrh, 48; - sea-cliff, a landmark, 250.
Season, the: a ballad, by Thomas Hood, 357.

Seasons, Thomson's, Spring, 3-14; Summer, 135-152;
Autumn, 297-310; Winter, 395-405; - changed by
the flood, 6;-procession of, personified, 59; - dance
of with the Hours, Zephyrs, Rains, Dews, Storms, 136;
-man's ages compared to, 179;-pleasures of each of
the, 220, 221; -the four, 312;-change of, gradual;
precepts of health in respect to; furs, 341; - life com-
pared to, 405.

Seduction, the victim of, 38;-story of Mopsa's, 99, 100;
consequences, 100;resisted, tempter foiled, double tri-
umph of virtue, 374.

Seclusion and retirement, praise of; not enjoyable by the
dissipated, 86.

Seeds, choice and preparation of; degeneracy, 209; - pro-
vision of nature for scattering, 151 ; — diffusion of, 5; -
seed-time, 42.

Seedling forest trees, seeds; spring culture of, 62.
Selfishness, its brood of curses, 6;—a life of, and a life of
beneficence, contrasted, 151.

Self recollection and reproof, 79.

Self-reform, if self-reliant, is fleeting, 473.
Sennaar, 142.

Sensible, the most so, are happiest and most virtuous, 453.
September, 331.

Serpents, tropical, 144.

Severn, legend of, note, 496.
Sexton, Dibble, and his parsons, 414.
Shade, in summer noon, 140;-trees, not noxious, 422; —
utility of, 422; shade-trees for mountain grounds assigned
to slaves in the West Indies, 440; mammey, tamarind,
cassia, chirimoia, palmetto, Indian fig, anata, 440.
Shaftesbury and Shakespeare, eulogies of, 150.
Shaddoc, 417.
Shark, and slavers, 145.

Shaw, its definition, note, p. 486.
Shearing-time, 494; how to shear, 494, 495; festivities;
dance; pastoral eclogue, 495. See Sheep.

Sheep, tending of, 31;-feeding; need variety, and are
fond of changing, 44; and shepherds, in spring, 44; -
husbandry, 489, 496, 67, 68 ; - of Britain, care, diseases,
breeding, shearing of, 64, 68; -washing, shearing, mark-
ing, by Thomson, 139;-shearings of Lincoln, 439;—
give life to landscapes; primeval innocence, 168;-and
goats, best grounds for, 216; - Taranto, Mantua, 216;
and goats, 225; see Goats; morning, noon, and even-
ing pasturing of, 226; -sickness of, and remedies; scab,
fevers, murrain, 227 ; — walks, 490; - nightly murders
of, by sheep-dog, 447;-pastures; best English, 489;
how to improve, 490:- breeds of, English, 491; sickness,
remedies; rot, halt-ail, scab; crow-flower, tar, 491, 492;
-nature their physician, 492; when to be housed;
extremes hurtful to; winter tending, 493, 494; - the most
useful of animals, 496; sheep-shearing festivals, 494-
496.

-

Shene (splendid), the Saxon name for Richmond, 149.
SHENSTONE, WILLIAM, born at Leasowes, in the parish of
Hales Owen, Shropshire, England, Nov., 1714; died Feb.
11, 1763. He was taught to read at a dame school, and
has immortalized his preceptress in his poem of the
Schoolmistress, pp. 511-513. He was educated at Oxford.
In 1745 the paternal estate of the Leasowes fell to his
care, and he began, says Johnson, to point his pros-
pects, to diversify his surface, to entangle his walks, and
to wind his waters; which he did with such judgment and
fancy, as made his little domain the envy of the great,
and the admiration of the skilful; a place to be visited by
travellers, and copied by designers.' Dodsley and Gold-
smith have both written descriptions of the Leasowes.
Cut, p. 50.

SUENSTONE'S eclogues, 'Hope,' 154; Absence,' 406; ' Dis-
appointment,' 406;-Schoolmistress: a poem, 511.
SHENSTONE Complimented as a landscape gardener, by
Mason, 166; address to, by Grainger, 424.
Shepherdess gathering flowers, 314.

-

Shepherd, 136;— and milkmaid, returning from work, 151.
Shepherd and his Wife: an ode, by R. Greene, 510.
Shepherd's Life: an idyl, by P. Fletcher, 488; Eve, by
J. Fletcher, 368;-song, by Heywood, 130; - boat-song,
314; dancing-song, 158; - boy, 363; his freedom, 363;
-children, use for, 170; - piping, sheep, 77.
Shepherds, British, 11; 67; 493, 494; - classic; Arabian,
494; Lybian, Scythian, Thracian, Crimean, Danubian,
226; work of, for leisure hours, 492;-holiday of;
names, dance, 157; music and sweethearts of, 157; song,
maidens, posies, 158.

-

Sherbets, 386; recommended for a dry climate, 49. See
Drinks.

Sherwood forest, renewal of, urged, 63; birthplace of Dods-
ley, 63; Robin Hood in, 34.

Shetland and the Hebrides, flocks, birds of, 305.
Shooting stars, 152.
Shore-fishing, 29.

Shore, wasted by the sea, and deserted, 256.
Showers, vernal, brought by south wind; - fertilizing, of
April-clearing up, 5;-in torrents, in West Indies,
420. See Rain.

Ship foundering in a tropical storm, 145.
Ship-building, British, 294.

Shipping of England, ports, London, 490.
Shipwreck, 145; 397; -on the coasts of the Sahara, 144;
of Nerina, and rescue, 178, 179.

Shrubbery: a monologue, by Cowper, 290.
Shrubbery and trees, how to arrange picturesquely, 163;
173, 174;- various kinds of, 63; 173; 478; - young
birds of, 175; scenery; abele, beech, alder; simultaneous
leafing; habitats, size, 174; exotics precarious, natives
preferable, 174; -spring revival of; laburnum, syringa,
rose, cypress, yew, lilac, woodbine, hypericum, mezereon,
broom, jasmine, 478. See Shrubs.

Shrubs, which add to the beauty of a landscape; orange,
almond, pine, gelder-rose, acacia, roses, honeysuckle,
mezereon, laurustinus, laburnum, 63.

Sick poor, their discomforts, 257.

Sidney, Algernon, eulogized, 150.

Signs of a plentiful season, 509; observed by Roman farm-
ers, 210; of heat, rain, wind, dry and wet weather,
storm, 211, 212.

Signs of the Zodiac. See Zodiac.

Silence, apostrophized, 77.

SILVANUS, a Roman god of fields, cattle, and boundaries.
He was imaged as old, and bearing an uprooted cypress.
Silver Age, Hesiod's description of the, 19.

Simoom, the, 144; camels, caravans, 144.

Simplicity, dedication to; the arbitress of taste in garden-
ing, 161.

Sin, originated fear and distrust between man and animals,
480.

Singers of Pastorals: an eclogue, translated from the Greek
of Theocritus, by J. M. Chapman, 253, 254.
Singing-birds, 136.

Sirius, the dog-star, in Canis Major; supposed to be the
star nearest the earth.

SISYPHUS, son of Eolus, and founder of Corinth. He out-
witted Death several times. For this Pluto condemned
him to roll a stone up hill, which constantly recoiled.
Sites for homes, best, 48.
Skiddaw, Mt., 172.

Slavery, irrational and moustrous (Cowper), 470;
error, 476.

- to

Sleep, exercise promotes good; avoid eating late at night,
340; on food half-digested; bad dreams; - noon-day,
reprobated, and midnight study, 340, 341; — of vegeta-
bles, 477.

Sloth, effects of on a farm, 60, 61.
Smelting of iron ore, 66.

Smock-race, the, on May-day, 98, 99.

SMOLLET, TOBIAS GEORGE, the distinguished novelist, and
author of some good poetry. He was born near Renton,
Dumbartonshire, Scotland, in 1721, and died at Leghorn,
Tuscany, Oct. 21, 1771. Surgeon in the navy in youth,
about 1750 he devoted himself to literature; and his life
was a perpetual struggle for a living. He wrote Roderick
Random, Peregrine Pickle, &c.; also a history of England.
Smugglers, 256.
Snails in the orchard, 381.
Snake, wounded, simile, 96; - how to expel snakes; kill-
ing of one; the Calabrian snake; shedding his skin, 227.
Snow, 467; of North Europe; hunting deer in snow,
226; as a fertilizer, 386;-storm; fields, ox, birds,
397; robin redbreast, hare, sheep, 398; the first
snow-storm, travelling, teamster; humanity to teams, 460.
Snow-ball bush, or yellow rose, 63. Snowdrop, 6.

Sociability, rural, described; female art of talking, 373.
Society, not strict enough as to virtue, 80; — origin of, 152;
-necessary in age, 267;-fountain of; civil liberty;
justice; refinement, 298; of the wise; of friends, 400.
Sofa: a poem, by Cowper, 245–252.

Soil, uses of and how to improve, sandy, clayey, loamy, 60;
-varying appearances of, 278;-every kind good for
something, 378; - for the sugar-cane, 417, 418 ; — dif-
ferent culture and various properties of, 59, 60.

Soils, should be well pulverized, 208;-
;-improvement of,
208; nature of; - best for olives; grapes; sheep and
goats; tillage, 216; poor and good soils, described; Cam-
pania; light and heavy, use of each; saline, how
tested; - how to know and test, 216, 217;-for cane,
dark, 418; transported by washing away, 276; epi-
sode, illustrative, 276, 277;— fitted to peculiar products,
207; Tmolus, India, Edom, Pontus, Spain, Epirus, prod-
ucts of, 207, 208.

SOMERVILLE'S May Games, 89-100; Chase, abridged,
345-355.

Song of Spring: an ode, by Rufus Dawes, 101.
Song, Shepherd's: by Heywood, 130.

Song of Wooing: an idyl, by Bryant, 159.

Songs, in Gentle Shepherd.' See Sangs; also their first
lines in this Index.

Sonnet for November: by Bryant, 376.
Sophy, the Shah or King of Persia.

Sorrow, for the loved and honored dead, 260; — sacredness
of; a reality, 362;-use of, 412; cure; change, travel,
war; woful effects of trying to drown it in drink, 452.
Sorrows of Love, or the Broken Heart: a poem, 325-327.
Soul, redemption of, a divine, not human work, 474.
Sounds, Rural, 247. See Rural Sounds.

Sound should echo sense, in rural poetry; imitation of Pope
and Horace, 288.

South America, rivers of, 143;
285.

Soups, when to be used, 49.
Southcote's grounds, 64.

-

compared with European,

Southcote complimented by Mason, 166.

Sowing, spring, 4;-religious rites in; Hesiod's remarks
on, 21;-time for, indicated by the stars; Arcturus,
Aldebaran, 210.

'Speak on, speak thus, and still my grief: ' a song (XVII.),
122.

Speculations, philosophic, ridiculed, 81.
Spendthrift, the, in the country, 364.

SPENSER, EDMUND, one of the glories of Queen Elizabeth's
reign; born 1553, educated at Cambridge. Appointed
secretary to Gray, lord deputy of Ireland, he received
three thousand twenty-eight acres of land in Cork county,
forfeited by Earl Desmond. He had to live here at Kil-
colman Castle, whose ruins are still seen. The Mulla ran
through his grounds. Here he wrote the Fairy Queen,
and entertained Raleigh. In Tyrone's rebellion the castle
was set fire to, and Spenser's new-born infant perished.
He reached London impoverished, broken-hearted, and
died three months after, 16th January, 1599.
SPENSER, EDMUND, eulogized, 150; - residence of; art sec-
onding nature, 165; -March: an eclogue, 15.
Spirit, wounded, God alone cures, 362;-of Beauty: ode,
by Dawes, 160; world, of the departed, its music to the
poet, 140, 141; spiritual progress, 30.
Spleen, cured by change and nature, 250.
Spider, its hunt and prey, 130.
Spinning wool, 503, 504.
Spinster, prudish, story of, 410.
Sporting cruelties censured, 480.

Sports, Rural: described by Gay, 27-31;-rustic, pleaded
for, 270.

Sportsman, the (Thomson); spaniel, covey, 301,- his
sports reprobated by Cowper, 82;- and hunter, the
mere, 267.

Spring, season of, 1-134 ; — invocation to, 3 ; -effects of,
on minerals, vegetables, and animals, 4-11; on the pas-
sions, 11-14; - compared to childhood, 170 ; — Greek,
23; landscape, its marvellous beauty, 8;-flowers of
8; 44; creation of the world took place in; account of
it, 218; revivifying energies of (Virgil), 217; on birds,
beasts, plants, 217, 218;-forests reviving in, 131; -
and summer personified, 59, and autumn, their differ-
ent scenes;- effects on the mind contrasted; on insect,