Mechanics

Front Cover
 

Contents

Planes of cleavage 28 Conclusions 29 Matter indestructible
18
Destructive distillation 31 General conclusion CHAPTER III
20
Pores The Florentine experiment 34 Other examples
22
Compressibility
23
Compressibility of liquids
24
Compressibility of gases ib 15 ib ib ib 16 ib 18 ib ib + 20 ib 20 21 22 23 24
25
ib
26
38 Elasticity 39 Experiments on elasticity 41 Elasticity of torsion 40 Limits of the elastic force 42 Dilatability
28
General effects of dilatation and contraction
29
CHAPTER IV
30
Modification of elasticity and hardness in the same body
31
Flexibility and brittleness 48 Malleability
33
SECT
34
Proofs and examples of inertia
40
Parallelogram of forces
46
Mechanical effect of a couple
52
Conditions under which two forces admit a single resultant
53
Two forces in different planes
54
Examples
56
CHAPTER VII
58
Table of velocities
59
Uniform velocity
60
Composition of motion 81 Two motions in one direction
61
Two motions in different directions
62
Examples PAGE
63
Forces acting on a ship or boat
65
Other examples on composition of motion
68
30
69
Motion of billiard balls
70
Direct proof of the earths rotation
72
tion
74
Absolute and relative motion 75 90 Momentum
75
Examples
78
General conditions of the equality of momenta 79 CHAPTER VIII
79
Examples ib
81
38
83
CHAPTER IX
94
Collision of two bodies moving in the same direction
95
Action and reaction
96
Collision of bodies moving in opposite directions
97
Examples
98
49
99
Action and reaction modified by elasticity
100
Space passed over in successive seconds
101
IOI Perfect and imperfect elasticity 102 Apparatus to illustrate collision experimentally
102
The laws of motion
103
Morins apparatus
107
Law of free descent
109
Calculation of motion due to gravity III
111
Retarded motion of bodies projected upwards
113
Projectiles
116
Oblique projection
118
Motion in parabolic curves
119
Resistance of the air
120
Application of projectiles in gunnery ib 122 Effect of a hammer
121
Influence of time upon the effect of force
122
CHAPTER X
123
Effect of cohesion
124
Experimental method of determining the direction of resultant
126
Point of intersection of resultants
127
Centre of gravity
128
Case of regular figures
129
Centre of gravity not within the body
130
Properties of the centre of gravity
131
SECT PAGE 135 Stability
132
Line of direction
133
Pendulum
134
83
136
85
137
ib 86
139
Stable unstable and neutral equilibrium
140
Examples
141
Familiar illustrations
142
Magic clock
145
Centre of gravity of two bodies
146
Calculation of effects of central force
148
Example
149
Whirling table
150
Motion of bodies revolving round common centre of gravity
151
Examples
153
Action of a central force on liquids
157
Centrifugal drying machine
158
Motion down a convex curve
160
Examples
161
Solids of revolution
162
Axis of revolution through centre of gravity
165
Principal axis
166
Experimental illustrations
167
Applications and problems
169
Summary of facts and formulæ for motion
177
Statical problems
182
CHAPTER XII
190
CHAPTER XIII
196
Proper functions of a machine
204
CHAPTER XIV
210
SECT PAGE 188 Three kinds of lever
212
Relation of power and weight in the three kinds
214
Sensibility of a balance
216
Letter balance
217
Spring balances
218
Pressure on fulcrum
220
Rectangular lever
221
Compound lever
222
Weighingmachines
223
The kneelever
224
Key of Erards pianoforte
225
Power of a machine
226
Bevelled wheels
236
Rachet wheel ib 218 Ropes neither perfectly flexible nor smooth
237
Power and resistance parallel
239
Single movable pulley
240
Combinations
241
Practical effect very different from theoretical
244
Inclined roads
246
Double inclined plane
248
The wedge
249
Experimental illustration
261
Reciprocating rectilinear motion
263
Continued circular motion
264
Universal joint
265
Alternate circular motion PAGE
266
Pendulum measures velocity of falling bodies
267
CHAPTER XVI
273
Flywheel
280
Continued rectilinear motion
287
Mechanical agents
298
The dyamical unit
299
Joints
300
Gimbals 269 Ball and socket
301
Horse power
302
Cradle joint 271 Hinge 272 Trunnions 273 Axles
303
Telescope joint 275 Bayonet joint
304
Clamps and adjusting screws 277 Couplings 300 301
305
Steampower
306
CHAPTER XVII
307
Forces produced by heat
308
Mechanical force of congelation
309
Electromagnetic force
310
Chemical agency
311
Guncotton
312
Capillary attraction
313
Friction 280 Sliding and rolling friction 281 Lubricants 282 Roling friction 283 Sledges
314
Use of rollers
315
Friction rollers 286 Friction wheels
316
Line of draught
317
Railways 317
318
Brakes
319
Imperfect flexibility of ropes
320
Resistance of fluids
322
Ponderous missiles
323
Resistance of air to motion of falling bodies
324
CHAPTER XVIII
325
Strength to resist pressure
329
Strength to resist transverse strain
332
ib
333
ib
342
355
355
ON WORK AND ENERGY 315 Units of force
358
The Dyne The Poundal
360
Work
361
Further illustrations Measurement of work 358 360 361
362
Units of work The footpound The horsepower
364
Other units The kilogrammetre The
367
Accumulated work
368
Measure of accumulated work
369
Energy 325 Forms of energy
370
Levers 326 Mechanical powers
372
The pendulum
375
Elasticity 330 Expansive force of gases
377
331
378
332
381
Problems on work and energy
384
31
388
BOOK IV
393
tions
395
Fixed cranes
396
Stampingengine
405
CHAPTER XXIII
413
Screwcutting engine
421
CHAPTER XXIV
424
CHAPTER XXV
427
Position of gnomon
428
Clepsydra
429
Sandglass
430
Clocks and watches
431
Pendulum
432
Compensation pendulums
433
Harrisons gridiron pendulum
434
Mercurial pendulum
435
Another compensation pendulum
436
Connection between pendulum and escapement
437
Motion of hand intermitting
439
Its action upon the escapement
440
368
441
369
443
370
445
Balance wheel
448
373
449
Movement imparted to the hands of a watch
450
375
453
To regulate the rate
455
377
457
Cylindrical escapement
458
Duplex escapement
460
Lever escapement
461
Detached escapement
462
Maintaining power in clocks
463
Maintaining power in watches
465
Cases in which either weights or springs are used
467
SECT PAGE 385 Watches and chronometers
468
Marine chronometers
469
CHAPTER XXVI
475
Inking rollers
476
Further improvement
485

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