of the juvenile probation system of such county for the physical and mental diagnosis of cases of children who are believed to be physically or mentally diseased or defective, and may appoint as special probation officer a competent nurse and a duly qualified physician, whose salaries shall be fixed by the judge with the approval of the county board.

Sec. 11. Dependent or neglected children-disposition.— When any child shall be found to be dependent or neglected, within the meaning of this act, the court may make an order committing the child to the care of the state board of control, or of the state public school or some other suitable state institution, or to the care of some reputable citizen of good moral character, or to the care of some association willing to receive it, embracing in its objects the purpose of caring for or obtaining homes for dependent or neglected children, which association shall have been accredited as provided by law. In appropriate cases the child may be left with the parents subject to such remedial supervision as the court may direct. The court may, when the health or condition of the child shall require it, cause the child to be placed in a public hospital or institution for treatment or special care; or in a private hospital or institution which will receive it for like purpose without charge. Provided, however, that in no case shall a dependent child be taken from his parents without their consent unless, after diligent effort has been made to avoid such separation, the same shall be found needful in order to prevent serious detriment to the welfare of such child.

Sec. 12. Guardianship - adoption. In any case where the court shall award a dependent or neglected child to the care of the state board of control or of any association or individual in accordance with the provisions of this act, the child shall, unless otherwise ordered, become a ward, and be subject to the guardianship of the state board of control or of the association or individual to whose care it is committed; but such guardianship shall not include the guardianship of any estate of the child, except as provided in section 17 of this act. Such board, association or individual shall have authority to place such child in a family home, with or without indenture, and may be made party to any proceeding for the legal adoption of the child, and may by its or his attorney or agent appear in any court where such proceedings are pending and consent to such adoption. Provided, however, that when adoption proceedings for any such child are commenced in any other court than the court which originally committed such child, then notice of the filing of the petition in such adoption proceedings shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the court which originally committed such child, at least thirty days before any final decree of adoption shall be entered.

Sec. 13. Hearing continued commitment by district court -discharge.—In the case of a delinquent child the court may continue

the hearing from time to time and may place the child in the care or custody of a probation officer, and may allow the child to remain in his own home, subject to the visitation of the probation officer, such child to report to the probation officer as often as may be required, and subject to be returned to the court for further or other proceedings whenever such action may appear to be necessary; or the court may cause the child to be placed in a suitable family home, subject to the friendly supervision of a probation officer and the further order of the court; or it may authorize the child to be boarded out in some suitable family home, in case provision is made by voluntary contribution or otherwise for the payment of the board of such child, until suitable provision may be made for the child in a home without such payment. A child found delinquent in the district court may be committed by the court to the state training school for boys or the Minnesota home school for girls, or to any institution established by law or incorporated under the laws of this state that may care for delinquent children, or to any place provided by the town or county suitable to the care of such children. In appropriate cases the court may commit the child to the care and custody of some association that will receive it, embracing in its objects the care of neglected or dependent children. In no case shall a child be held under any such commitment beyond the age of twenty-one years. A child committed to such an institution or association shall be subject to the control of the board of managers thereof, and the said board shall have power to parole the child on such conditions as it may prescribe, and the court shall have power to discharge the child from custody whenever in its judgment such action will be for the best interests of the child. Every child committed to the state training school for boys or the Minnesota home school for girls shall be subject to the guardianship of the state board of control, and to all the laws and regulations relating to discipline in and parole and discharge from said schools. No child shall be discharged from either of said schools within one year after commitment without the approval of the committing court; thereafter such approval shall not be required.

Sec. 14. County home schools. In counties over 33,000 population the county board shall have authority to purchase, lease, erect, equip and maintain a county home school for boys and girls, or a separate home school for boys and a separate home school for girls, and the same may, with the approval of the district court judges, be a separate institution, or it may be established and operated in connection with any other organized charitable or educational institution; but the plans, location, equipment and operation of said county home school shall in all cases have the approval of the judges of the district court. There shall be a superintendent or matron, or both, appointed for such home, who shall

be probation officers of the juvenile court, and shall be appointed and removed by the district judges. The salaries of the superintendent; matron and other employes shall be fixed by the judges of the district court, subject to the approval of the county board. The juvenile court may place in said home school, for a period of not more than six months under any order, any child coming before said court, and any child who is placed in such home school may be released therefrom by order of said court at any time. Provided, that a delinquent child may be committed during the pleasure of the court to any county home school, or any orphans' home conducted by a charitable institution, where the inmates are taught the branches of study usually pursued in the public schools, and where agriculture, horticulture, gardening or domestic science is studied and carried on by the inmates thereof; but in no case shall such child be detained beyond his majority. The county board of all counties to which this section applies is hereby authorized, empowered and required to provide the necessary funds to make all needful appropriations to carry out the provisions of this section. The board of education, commissioner of education or other persons having charge of the public schools in any city of the first or second class, in a county where a county home school is maintained pursuant to the provisions of this section, shall have authority to furnish all necessary instructors, school books and school supplies for the boys and girls placed in any such home school.

Sec. 15. Existing home schools continued. All juvenile detention homes, farms and industrial schools heretofore established under section 5, chapter 285, Laws 1905, as amended by chapter 172, Laws 1907, and chapter 353, Laws 1911, (being section 7166, General Statutes, (1913), or chapter 83, Laws 1913, (being sections 7194, 7195 and 7196, General Statutes 1913) or chapter 228, Laws 1915, are hereby declared to be county home schools within the meaning of this act; and all the provisions hereof relating to county home schools shall apply thereto.

Sec. 16. Guardians for delinquents in probate court.When any child is found delinquent in a probate court the court may appoint the state board of control to be the guardian of such child, or any institution or association incorporated under the laws of this state that may care for delinquent children and become their guardian, or any suitable city, county or state institution. The provisions of section 13 relative to the control, parole and discharge of delinquent chilldren committed by district courts shall apply to delinquent children placed under guardianship by probate courts. In all cases girls committed to the state home school for girls shall be accompanied to said school by a woman.

Sec. 17. Property of child.—If any child placed under guardianship by a probate court pursuant to the provisions of this act has any property, the income thereof shall, unless more than is necessary, be applied to the education of such child; and upon cause shown to the court the principal or any part thereof may be used for the same purpose.

Sec. 18. Information with commitment. Whenever a juvenile court shall commit a child to a state institution or to the guardianship of the state board of control there shall be delivered with the order of commitment a copy of the findings and order of the court relative to such child, and a brief statement of such particulars of the case as the board of control may require.

Sec. 19. Evidence in delinquency cases protected.—Any disposition of a child dealt with for delinquency under this act, or any evidence given in such cause, shall not in any civil, criminal or other cause or proceeding whatever, in any court, be lawful or proper evidence against such child for any purpose; provided however, that nothing in this section shall be construed to relate to subsequent proceedings in a juvenile court.

Sec. 20. Religious belief of parents.-The court in committing any child, or appointing a guardian for him under the provisions of this act, shall place him so far as it deems practicable in the care and custody of some individual holding the same religious belief as the parents of the child, or with some association which is controlled by persons of like religious faith with the parents.

Sec. 21. Criminal proceedings.—The adjudication of a juvenile court that a child is delinquent shall in no case be deemed a conviction of crime; but the court may, in its discretion, cause any alleged delinquent child of the age of twelve years or over to be proceeded against in accordance with the laws that may be in force governing the commission of and punishment for crimes and misdemeanors, or for the violation of municipal ordinances, by an order directing the county attorney to institute such prosecution as may be appropriate.

Sec. 22. Transfer of cases from municipal courts, etc.Whenever any minor is arraigned upon a criminal charge before a judge. of a municipal court or justice of the peace, otherwise than upon an order transferring the case from a juvenile court, the judge or justice shall inquire concerning the age of such minor, and if it satisfactorily appears that he is under the age of eighteen years, the case shall forthwith be transferred to the juvenile court of the county. Such transfer shall be effected by filing with the judge or clerk of the juvenile court a certificate showing the name, age and residence of the child, the names and addresses of his parents or guardian, if known, the specific charge upon

which he has been arraigned, and the name and residence of the complainant. The certificate shall have the effect of a petition filed in the juvenile court; but the judge of said court may in his discretion direct the filing of a new petition, which shall supersede such certificate. The judge of the municipal court or the justice shall have power to commit such child to appropriate custody, when deemed advisable, for a period of not more than one week and to fix reasonable bail, upon furnishing which said child shall be returned to the custody of his parents or guardian to respond to such proceedings as shall be had in the juvenile

court.

Sec. 23. Arrest warrants.-Nothing in this act shall be construed to forbid the arrest of any person, with or without warrant, as is now or hereafter may be provided by law; or to forbid the issue of warrants by magistrates as so provided.

Sec. 24. Privacy of hearings and records. Upon the trial or hearing of cases arising under this act the court shall exclude the general public from the room wherein such trial or hearing is had, admitting only such persons as may have a direct interest in the case, witnesses, officers of the court and accredited persons interested in the study of social conditions. The records of all cases may be withheld from indiscriminate public inspection at the discretion of the court; but such records shall at all times be open to the inspection of any child to whom the same relates, and to his parents and guardian. For the purposes of this section the records of juvenile probation officers and county home schools shall be deemed records of the court. This section shall not be deemed to apply to prosecutions under Sections 27 and 28.

Sec. 25. Support by parents.-In any case in which the juvenile court of a county having a population of over 33,000 shall find a child dependent, neglected or delinquent, it may, in the same or a subsequent proceeding, upon the parents of said child, or either of them, being duly summoned or voluntarily appearing proceed to inquire into the ability of such parent or parents to support the child or contribute to his support, and if the court shall find such parent or parents able to support the child or contribute thereto, the court may enter such order or decree as shall be according to equity in the premises, and may enforce the same by execution, or in any way in which a court of equity may enforce its order or decrees.

Sec. 26. Unlawful removal of child.-Any unlawful removal, attempt to remove or interference with the child committed by a juvenile court to the custody or guardianship of any institution, association or individual is hereby declared to be contempt of court and punishable accordingly.