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that of the labors of the artist. It has been in contemplation by Mr. Maclise to exhibit at the Academy the carefully finished oil picture from which it has, figure by figure, been worked out. If, however, he had determined to send it for exhibition, he has, we believe, abandoned that resolution from a chivalrous regard for the interests and feelings of others. It is to be hoped that the singular delicacy and modesty of such an act will be understood, although as regards the line of sight at the Academy there are two extreme feelings which extinguish all considerations immediately relative-those of exultation, and those of bitter disappointment. But for the last five years we do not remember that Mr. Maclise has occupied a foot of the line. The exhibition, therefore of such a picture could not reasonably open a source of discontent, even to the most ambitious or most unworthy pretenders. There are many important reasons, entirely independent of its great merit, which render it desirable that the oil study should appear on the walls of the Academy, and those alone would have morally silenced the voices of the small authors of smaller themes. The extensive and patient research whereby, in the Waterloo picture, the military equipment and material, already all but forgotten, of the early part of the present century has been reproduced in painting, has, if possible with greater earnestness, been applied to circumstantial verification of the Traf a.gar picture. Sentimental battle-painting is not, and never can be, a fashion among us; if it were a national taste, it could be more than gratified without divergence from truthful nar

rative. The accounts that have come down to

us of the death of Nelson are too meagre to satisty the inquiries of a very conscientious artist, and of the persons who were with Nelson when he fell, but very few are known; therefore, in the direction of portraiture the painter has had but little assistance. In modern pictures called historical, there is a marked tendency to dramatize serious narrative, but here is no approach

to theatrical effect. The emotions of all the ac

tors are absorbed by the circumstances of their situations respectively, without acknowledgment of an exterior circle of spectators, to whom the scene is as nothing without some vain compliment to national glory. Mr. Maclise has read his subject naturally, and set it before us with as near approach to reality as possible. With him an exaggerated utterance of grief is not necessary to the description of a calamity, nor an expression of wild exultation indispensable to that of a victory. We can not dismiss the subject without one word in reference to the inadequate remuneration granted for these national pictures, the discussion of which, at any length, may, however, be postponed until the subject is again brought before the House of Commons.-Art Journal.

Tuscan Sculptors: their Lives, Works and Times. With Illustrations from Original Drawings and Photographs. By CHARLES C. PERKINS. 2 Vols. Published by Longman & Co., London. It has often occurred to us as something singular that the attention of English writers upon Art has never been directed to the subject of Sculpture in the same way that Painting and Architecture have

been. These two Arts appear almost to have been exhausted by historians, who have investigated each subject respectively from the earliest known period to our own time, both in its rise and progress in different nations, and in its universal life. Sculpture, on the other hand, has met with entire neglect, except as connected in some way or other with the other Arts, or in the mere outline sketches contained in academical lectures. It has, in fact, "found but few admirers or illustrators," so says Mr. Perkins when speaking of the Sculpture of Italy, and it is equally true of the Sculpture of other countries. The reason for this, he says-still with reference to Italy-"does not lie so much in the greater claims of painting upon lovers and students of Art, as in the existence of an antique standard, by which all modern Sculpture is habitually judged, and of which it falls short; while Painting, which can not be submitted to this formidable test, is judged more according to its merits. Another and more positive reason why Italian Sculpture is so much less known, and consequently less widely appreciated than Italian Painting, is because it can only be studied in Italy, where its masterpieces are not to be found in splendid and commodious galleries, but in scattered churches and palaces, in which they are seldom so placed as to attract the attention of any but careful observers." He, however, admits that the collection of Italian Sculpture at south Kensington "makes it possible for a student to learn more about it in England than anywhere else out Italy." But Mr. Perkins entirely overlooks the vást and magnificent collection of casts at the Crystal Palace; true, they are principally of statues, and not of relievos and other works of of the sculptures at Kensington; still along that numerous figures, such as compose the majority lengthened vista of sculptured Art at Sydenham, from which scarcely a statue of note, whether ancient or modern, is absent, the student and the man of taste may pause, and admire, and reflect, and learn.

disregard of these noble works by the thousands And one has only to notice the utter who visit the Palace, and also to observe the few who ever enter the Sculpture-room of the Royal Academy, and the problem of our national indifference to Sculpture is at once solved. It has comparatively but very few admirers" among us, and hence there is small encouragement for men to write about it. Let us hope Mr. Perkins's volumes will inaugurate a new era in this matter.

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He divides his history of the "Sculptors of Tuscany" into six books. The first is assigned to architectural sculptors, Niccola Pisano and his scholars; the second to allegorical, Andrea Pisano, Balduccio, Orcagna, and others; the third to pictorial sculptors. Ghiberti, Donatello, Lucca della Robbia, and others. The fourth book is entitled "Tares among the Wheat;" it is devoted to a record of certain sculptors whose works are presumed to have had a deteriorating influence upon the art, who departed from the pure traditions of their predecessors, and "aimed at smooth elegance rather than at truth and character." The fifth book speaks of Michael Angelo and his scholars; the sixth of Tuscan Sculpture under Cosimo I., among whom stand prominently forth Cellini, Bandinelli, Tribollo, and Gian Bologna. The history is thus brought down to the end of the sixteenth century, from which date the art,

as practised in Tuscany, possesses no longer any interest.

A narrative which, like this, embraces so wide and varied a range of subject-matter, and that includes in it a record of the labors of a very large number of artists, many of whom are comparatively unknown out of their own land, can not but be a most welcome addition to the Art-literature of our country, especially when we are able to recognize and estimate the care and industry evidently bestowed in collecting the materials and preparing them for the press; and, in addition to this, feel that the critical examination of the works referred to, though generally concise, has been guided by discriminating judgment and a knowledge of the art spoken of.

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It is not to be denied that artists of transcendent genius exercise oftentimes an unfavorable influence upon their successors, who, attempting to imitate them, and possessing but little of their supreme ability, fail utterly in their endeavors. Such, in Mr. Perkins's opinion, were the imitators of Michael Angelo. "We are not prepared,' he writes, "to say what would have been the fate of Sculpture had he never lived, for we have already pointed out signs of decay in artists who were old men when he was born, such as Pollajuolo, whose vicious style was unredeemed by any sublime element, and in those who enjoyed great reputation contemporaneously with himself, such as Andrea Sansavino, of whose evil influence the bas-reliefs upon the Santa Casa at Loretto may suffice as an example; but as Michael Angelo was far stronger than these men, his power for good or for evil upon his times was proportionably greater, and as his peculiarities were especially marked and imitable, while his sublimity was unattainable by men of inferior stamp, he above all others did harm in his day and generation."

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The name of Berridge is familiar to all who know the history of the revival of evangelical religion in England, from the days of Wesley and Whitfield to the close of the last century. The leading events of his personal history may be gathered from the characteristic epitaph written, with the exception of the last date, by himself: "Here lie the earthly remains of John Berridge, late Vicar of Everton, and an itinerant servant of Jesus Christ; who loved his Master and his work; and, after running his errands for many years, was called up to wait on him above. Reader, art thou born again? No salvation without a new birth. I was born in sin February, 1716; remained ignorant of my fallen state till 1730; lived proudly on faith and works for salvation till 1751; was admitted to Everton Vicarage 1755; fled to Jesus for safety 1756; fell asleep in Christ Jesus, January 22, 1793."

The admirable Crichton.--In the minutes of the

Council of Ten for the 19th of August, 1580, it is set forth that "A young Scotchman has arrived in this city, by name, Giacomo Critonio, of very noble lineage, from what one hears about his quality; and from what has been clearly scen by divers proofs and trials made with very learned and scientific men, and especially by a Latin oration which he delivered extempore this morning in our College-of most rare and singular ability; in such wise that, not being above twenty years of age, or but little more, he astounds and surprises everybody—a thing which, as it is altogether extraordinary and beyond what nature usually produces, so ought it extraordinarily to induce this Council to make some courteous demonstration towards so marvelous a personage, more especially as, from accidents and foal fortune which have befallen him, he is in very Istraightened circumstances. Wherefore it will be put to the ballot, that of the monies of the chest of this Council there be given to the said Crichton, a Scottish gentleman, one hundred golden crowns. Ayes, 22; noes, 2; neutrals, 4."

The period at which Mr. Perkins's history ends, commences almost a new era in the annals of Sculpture, not only in Tuscany, but also throughout the whole of Italy. Simplicity of design and dignified expression, gave place to florid composi-Venetian Archives," by W. Rawdon Brown. tions and finished and elaborated execution. Bernini, the Neapolitan, and Algardi, of Bologna, led the van in the march of decadence, and their followers degenerated more and more till real Art became entirely a thing of the past.

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A Styrian Landscape.-A pilgrimage-looking church shone white upon a hill, and in the distance to the west rose the rocky barrier of the Caldron-one huge stony mass in particular, the We are promised by the author a continuationRaducha, representing in this direction the last of the subject in the history of the Sculpture of other parts of Italy, and trust that the success which we predict will attend these volumes-they are, by the way, copiously illustrated with engravings of many of the principal works to which reference is made-may ensure the fulfilment of the promise.-Art Journal.

VARIETIES.

John Berridge's Clock.-The following lines were written and posted on his house clock by the Rev. John Berridge:

"Here my master bids me stand,

And mark the time with faithful hand;
What is his will is my delight,-
To tell the hours by day and night.
Master, be wise, and learn of me,
To serve thy God as I serve thee."

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bulwark of the Alps; eastward now lay the plains of Hungary, and then the Carpathians. With two heavy farm-horses we started for Cilli about eleven o'clock. At the leisurely pace they took, it was seven at night before we reached it-all down a widening valley, expanding till it was almost a plain, and a cluster of dark peaks on the backward horizon alone remained of the mountain world. The day was pleasant, with a fresh autumn feel in the air. Gardens, gay with dahlias and China-asters; orchards, laden with plums; corn-plots with the harvest all gathered; low hills covered with wood, crowned with small white churches by the dozen, and stretching into hazy, sunshiny distance on either hand; a river flowing broadly in the center, and bearing innumerable timber-logs, to be formed lower down into rafts for the navigation of the Save and Danube; such was this Styrian landscape. By five o'clock the valley had become quite a plain, an expanse of Indian corn, though still bor

dered by hills. Villages thickened, and twice or thrice a tract of blackened timbers showed that one had been destroyed by fire. Then a long low cloud of dust marked a high road in the distance, and châteaux, in a sort of dishevelled grandeur, lifted their turrets here and there. Suddenly we were in the broad road itself, not more interesting than that of Barnet in times of yore, but unlike that of Barnet; for where an avenue turned off to a mansion, a great golden crucifix was fixed, the rich man's testimony to his religion; while, farther on three lofty statues in marble, of sainted ecclesiastics, marked the limit of his estate, and shone far over the landscape. Soldiers were seen lounging about the inns and villages-an unpleasant suggestion of crowded quarters at Cilli, which appeared at last in the distance, glimmering over trees and backed by castle ruins on a hill. And there-there are the long low lines or the rail! Oh, how different in their mathematical rigidity from the soaring, sweeping, tossing, broken lines of mountain and hill, and the trembling lines of lake and stream that had been our delight so long.-Gilbert's, Dolomite Mountains.

Jersey. The climate of Jersey is mild and genial, somewhat resembling that of Penzance. To invalids troubled with chest complaints it is very suitable; but the more robust find it relaxing. The fruit is good, abundant, and cheap. The ugs, apricots, and Charmontel pears are excelent, and grapes are extensively cultivated in public and private vineries, in greenhouses, and out of doors. In 1859 there were 10,302 lbs. of Jersey grapes exported to Covent Garden market; and one proprietor of vineries in the

islaud is now under contract to furnish all he

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of ground lengthwise, along Old Fish Street from Bread Street to the church opposite St. Mary Magdalen. Knightrider Street was, in these early times, famous for fish and fish dinners; and Friday Street from fishmongers dwelling there, and serving the Friday market. Sir William Davenant, who was a boy when Shakspeare lived, describes Old Fish Street as so narrow that neighbors could shake hands from the garret windows across the street. The street was noted for its taverns and signs; and tokens exist of the sign of Henry VII, and Will Somers, Henry VIII's jester. Another tavern had the head of Wolsey for a sign; and Aubrey gossips, the Cardinal had here a stately cellar for his wines. In the reign of Edward II some of the principal dealers removed to Bridge Street, which market communicated with Billingsgate, but occupied other stations, as Fish Wharf, Oystergate Wharf, Stock-fish Row, and Eastcheap. In Bridge Street, at one time, lived "the topping men and merchants of the trade." The interments of wealthy fishmongers are numerous in the registers of St. Magnus and St. Botolph, Billingsgate. St. Michael's was a general burial-place of stock fishmongers: the church was founded and enlarged by Lovekyn and Walworth, Lord Mayors, and both buried here. The first Hall of the Company was in Thames Street, and does not appear to have been of any age or duration; it was built on the site of the house in which lived Lovekyn, four times Lord Mayor and M. P. for the city, and also Walworth, who was twice Lord Mayor.-Leisure Hour.

Lord Russell on Capital Punishment.-Lord Russell has published a new edition of his work grows to one of our great fruiterers at prices ed introduction, which his lordship has specially on the "English Constitution." In a lengthenvarying, according to the season, from 2s. 6d. written for the edition, he expresses himself fato 22s. the lb. The island is also celebrated for vorable to the abolition of capital punishment: its butter, of which 93,598 lbs. were exported to this country in 1861. A substitute for butter either the right of a community to inflict the "For my own part, I do not doubt for a moment is made in the island from apples, which is term- punishment of death, or the expediency of exed black butter. Cider is also largely produced ercising that right in certain states of society. and largely exported from Jersey and Guern- But when I turn from that abstract right and sey. In 1861 we received from the islands 56,- that abstract expediency to our own state of so820 gallons. The population of Jersey is over 55,000. There are eleven newspapers published judge to separate the case which requires inflexciety when I consider how difficult it is for any at St. Hélier. Upwards of 500 boats are engagedible justice from that which admits the force of in the oyster fisheries of the islands. The value of the oysters dredged from September 1st, 1860, to April 30th, 1861, was £18,371 58. Oysters are also preserved and pickled in the islands in large quantities. The value of oysters pickled between 1856 and 1857 amounted to £14,400. The shipping tonnage of the islands is very considerable. In Jersey there were, in 1862, 430 vessels, measuring 41,000 tons. There are only eleven ports in England in advance of Jersey as respects tonnage.-Leisure Hour.

mitigating circumstances-how invidious the task of the Secretary of State in dispensing the mercy of the Crown-how critical the comments made by the public-how soon the object of general horror becomes the theme of sympathy and piety-how narrow and how limited the examples given by this condign and awful punishment-how brutal the scene of the execution

I come to the conclusion that nothing would be lost to justice, nothing lost in the preservation of innocent life, if the punishment of death London Fish Markets.-Henry III., to in- were altogether abolished. In that case a sencrease the Queen's custom at Queenhithe, order-tence of a long term of separate confinement, ed all fish to be landed at that part, and this led to the establisment of the great London fish market in Bread Street ward. It is described by Stow as commencing with moveable stalls, set out with fish on market days, whence they grew to shops, and to tall houses, three and four stories in height. One fishmonger mayor had here, in 1349, two shops, one rented at 3s. and the other at 4s. ; this market occupying a plot

followed by another long term of hard labor. and hard fare, would cease to be considered as an extension of mercy. If the sentence of the judge were to that effect there would scarcely ever be a petition for remission of punishment, in cases of murder, sent to the Home Office. The guilty, unpitied, would have time and opportunity to turn repentant to the Throne of Mercy."

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