Appletons' Cyclopædia of Technical Drawing: Embracing the Principles of Construction as Applied to Practical Design

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William Ezra Worthen
D. Appleton, 1892 - 745 pages
 

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Page 599 - The two great rules for design are these: 1st, that there should be no features about a building which are not necessary for convenience, construction, or propriety; 2nd, that all ornament should consist of enrichment of the essential construction of the building.
Page 669 - Every column, post or other vertical support shall be of sufficient strength to bear safely the weight of the portion of each and every floor depending upon it for support, in addition to the we'ight required as before stated to be supported safely upon said portions of said floors. REDUCTION IN LIVE LOADS ON COLt MIMS. For the purpose of determining the carrying capacity of columns in dwellings, office buildings, stores, stables and public buildings when over five stories...
Page 669 - In all calculations for the strength of materials to be used in any building, the proportion between the safe weight and the breaking weight shall be as one to three for all beams, girders, and other pieces subjected to a...
Page 667 - In all brick walls every sixth course shall be a heading course, except where walls are faced with brick in running bond, in which latter case every sixth course shall be bonded into the backing by cutting the course of the face brick and putting in diagonal headers behind the same, or by splitting the face brick in half and backing the same with a continuous row of headers.
Page 668 - The ends of wood beams resting upon girders shall be butted together end to end and strapped by wrought-iron straps of the same size and distance apart, and in the same beam as the wall anchors, and shall be fastened in the same manner as said wall anchors.
Page 668 - On the inside of all openings in which lintels shall be less than the thickness of the wall to be supported, there shall be...
Page 57 - ... as to admit of being afterwards cut from the board, leaving the border by which it is attached thereto by glue or paste, as we shall next explain. The paper must first be thoroughly and equally damped with a sponge and clean water, on the opposite side from that on which the drawing is to be made. When the paper absorbs the water, which may be seen by the wetted side becoming dim, as its surface is viewed slantwise against the light, it is to be laid on the drawing board with the wetted side...
Page 575 - Gothic architects rarely made their groin ribs elliptical, and never deviating from a vertical plane. These ribs were usually simple pointed arches of circular curvature, thrown diagonally across the space to be groined, and the four side arches were equally simple, the only care being that all the arches should have their vertices at the same level. The shell between, therefore, was no regular geometric surface. The strength depended on the ribs, and the shell was made quite light, often not more...
Page 54 - ... coincide with any given point on the plan. If the instrument is in correct order, a line connecting the fine pricking points with each other would pass through the centre of the instrument, as denoted by the before-mentioned intersection of the cross lines...
Page 670 - ... sight" precisely 8 by 13 inches. Within this margin all work and signatures must be included. One of the shorter sides of the sheet is regarded as its top, and, measuring...

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