communication. The consuls, and the local officers, civil and military, in corresponding together, shall likewise employ the style and form of mutual communication. When inferior officers of one government address superior officers of the other, they shall do so in the style and form of memorial. Private individuals, in addressing superior officers, shall employ the style of petition. In no case shall any terms or style be suffered which shall be offensive or disrespectful to either party. And it is agreed that no present, under any pretext or form whatever, shall ever be demanded of the United States by China, or of China by the United States.

ART. 8. All personal intercourse and interviews between the minister of the United States and the officers of the Chinese Empire shall be held at the official residences of those officers, or at the temporary residence of the minister of the United States, nor shall any pretexts or excuses be urged for declining such interviews. All intercourse upon current matters shall be by correspondence.

ART. 9. Whenever ships-of-war of the United States, in cruising upon the coast for the protection of the commerce of their country, shall arrive at any of the ports of China, the commanders of said ships, and the superior local authorities of the government, shall hold intercourse together in terms of equality and courtesy; and the said ships-of-war shall enjoy all suitable facilities on the part of the Chinese government for the purchase of provisions, procuring water, and making necessary repairs. And in case merchant vessels shall be wrecked and plundered, or captured and pillaged by pirates, the national vessels of the United States may pursue the pirates, and shall deliver them, if taken, to the Chinese government for trial and punishment according to the Chinese laws.

ART. 10. The government of the United States may appoint consuls or other officers, for the protection of trade at each of the ports opened to commerce, who shall be duly recognized as such by the officers of the Chinese government, and shall hold official intercourse and correspondence with them, either personally or in writing, and in the style of mutual communication. If disrespectfully treated or aggrieved in any way by the local authorities, said officers shall have the right to make representations of the same to the superior officers of the Chinese government, who shall see that full inquiry and strict justice be had in the premises. The consuls shall avoid all acts of unnecessary offence to, or collision with, the officers and people of China. Upon the arrival of any consul, the minister of the United States shall give notice of the same to the government, in order that he may be properly recognized.

ART. 11. All citizens of the United States in China, peaceably attending to their affairs, being placed on a common footing of amity and good will with the subjects of China, shall receive and enjoy for themselves and their property the protection of the local authorities, who shall defend them from insult or injury of any sort on the part of the Chinese. If their dwelling or property be threatened or attacked by mobs, incendiaries, or other violent and lawless persons, the local officer, on requisition of the consul, will immediately dispatch a military force to disperse the rioters, and will apprehend the guilty individuals. Subjects of China, who may be guilty of such violence, shall be punished according to the laws of China, and citizens of the United States who may injure the persons or property of the subjects of China, shall be punished by the consuls of the United States according to the laws of their own country. Arrests for such injuries may be made by either party.

ART. 12. Citizens of the United States residing or sojourning at any of the ports open to foreign commerce, shall enjoy all proper accommodation in obtaining houses or places of business, or in hiring sites on which to construct houses and places of business, and also hospitals, churches, and cemeteries. The parties shall fix the rent by mutual agreement, and the local authorities shall not interfere, but all legal fees for necessary papers shall be paid. The merchants shall not unreasonably insist on particular spots, and the cemetries shall be protected from desecration by the authorities of China. At places where ships are permitted to come, the citizens of the United States, merchants, seamen, and others, sojourning there, may pass and repass in the immediate neighborhood,

but they shall not go into the country or neighboring villages, or to the public marts for the purpose of disposing of goods unlawfully, and defrauding the

revenue.

ART. 13. If any vessel of the United States shall be wrecked or stranded on the coast of China, and be subject to plunder or other damage, the proper officers of the government, on receiving information of the fact, will immediately adopt measures for their relief and security, and the persons on board shall receive friendly treatment and be enabled at once to repair to the most convenient of the free ports, and shall enjoy all facilities for obtaining supplies of provisions and water. If any merchant vessel of the United States in Chinese waters shall be plundered by robbers or pirates, the Chinese local authorities, civil and military, on receiving information thereof, will arrest the said robbers and pirates, and punish them according to law, and will cause all the property which can be recovered to be placed in the hands of the nearest consul, or other officer of the United States, to be by him restored to the true owner. If it should happen that the robbers should not be apprehended, the Chinese government will not make indemnity for the goods lost. But if it be proved that the local authorities were in collusion with the robbers or pirates, then proper representations of that fact shall be made to the superior authorities, in order that they may memorialize the throne, and the guilty officers shall be punished and their property confiscated. ART. 14. The citizens of the United States are permitted to frequent the ports of Canton, Chau-thau, or Swau-tou, in Kwangtun; Amoy, Fuhchau, Taiwan in Formosa, in the province of Fuh-kien; Ningpo, in the province of Cheh-kieng; and Shanghae, in Kiang-Su; and any other ports that may be opened to the commerce of other nations, and to reside with their families, and trade there, and to proceed at pleasure with their vessels and merchandise to and from any foreign port, and either of the said ports, to any other of them. But said vessels shall not carry on a clandestine and fraudulent trade with other ports or along the coast. Any vessel under the American flag which shall violate this provision shall be seized, and with her cargo shall be subject to confiscation to the Chinese government; and any citizen of the United States who shall trade in contraband articles of merchandise, in violation of this provision, shall be dealt with by the Chinese authorities, and shall not be entitled to the countenance or protection of the government of the United States. And the United States shall take measures to prevent the American flag from being thus abused.

ART. 15. The citizens of the United States may export from, and import to, any of the designated ports which are open to commerce, all merchandise which is not prohibited-the tariff of duties to be paid by them being the same as that agreed to by the treaty of Whanghia, except as the same may be modified by treaties with other nations. But it is agreed that they shall in no case be subject to other or higher duties than are or shall be required of the most favored nation.

ART. 16. Tonnage duties shall be paid upon merchant vessels at the rate of four mace (forty cents) per ton, if said vessel be over one hundred and fifty tous burden; and one mace per ton if they are of the burden of one hundred and fifty tons or under, according to the amount of her tonnage, as specified in her register lodged with the consul. And if any vessel which, having anchored at one of the said ports and there paid tonnage duty, should have occasion to go to any other of the said ports, to complete the disposal of her cargo, the consul shall report the same to the Commissioner of Customs, who. on the departure of said vessel, will note in port clearance that the tonnage duties have been paid, and r port the same to the other Custom-houses; and on entering another port the said vessel will only pay duty there on her cargo, but shall not be subject to tonnage duty a second time. And the government shall take measures for erecting light-houses, placing buoys, &c., the expenses to be defrayed out of the tonnage dues.

ART. 17. Citizens of the United States, for their vessels bound in, shail be allowed to engage pilots, who will take said vessels into port, and when the lawful duties have been paid they may engage pilots to leave port. It shall also be

lawful for them to hire, at pleasure, servants, compradors, linguists, and writers, and passage or cargo-boats, and to employ laborers, seamen, and persons for whatever necessary service for a reasonable compensation, to be agreed upon by the parties.

ART. 18. Whenever merchant vessels of the United States shall have entered port the Superintendent of Customs will, if he see fit, appoint Custom house officers to guard the said vessels, who may live on board the ships or in their own boats at their convenience. Mutineers on board American vessels shall be apprehended by the local officers and delivered to the consuls for punishment. If Chinese criminals shall take refuge on board American vessels they shall not be harbored, but shall be delivered up to the officers of justice upon proper demand being made, and in case of violence between seamen and Chinese subjects the local officers shall enforce order and do justice.

ART. 19. Whenever any merchant vessel of the United States shall cast anchor at any of said ports the supercargo, master, or cousignee shall, within forty eight hours, deposit the ship's papers in the hands of the consul, or other United States agent, who will cause to be communicated to the Superintendent of Customs a true report of the name and tonnage of said vessel, the names of her crew, and the nature of her cargo, which, being done, the Superintendent will give a permit for the discharge of her cargo; and the master, supercargo, or consignee, if he proceed to discharge the cargo without such permit. shall incur a fine of $500, and the goods so discharged without permit shall be subject to forfeiture to the Chinese government. But if the master of any vessel in port desire to discharge a part only of the cargo, it shall be lawful for him to do so, paying duties on such part only, and to proceed with the remainder to any other ports; or, if the master so desire, he may, within forty-eight hours after the arrival of the vessel, decide to depart without breaking bulk. In case of the absence of the consul and agent of his own government, he shall apply to the consul of some friendly power, or directly to the Superintendent of Customs.

ART. 20. The Superintendent of Customs, on application made through the consul, will appoint suitable officers, who shall proceed in presence of the captain, supercargo, or consignee to make a just and tair examination of all goods being discharged or laden on board any vessel of the United States. If disputes arise as to the value of goods subject to an ad valorem duty, and the same cannot be satisfactorily arranged by the parties, the question may, within twentyfour hours, and not afterwards, be referred to the consul to adjust with the Superintendent of Customs.

ART. 21. Any citizen of the United States who may have imported merchandise and paid the duties upon it, and may wish to re-export the same to another port, shall be entitled to make application through the consul to the Superintenent of Customs, who shall make examination to ascertain whether the duties have been paid according to the report, and whether the goods remain with their marks uncharged, and shall make a memorandum in the port clearance of the goods and the amount of duties paid on the same and delivered to the merchant, and shall also certify the facts to the officers of customs of the other ports; all which being done, on the arrival in port of the vessel in which the goods are laden, and everything being found on examination there to correspond, she will be permitted to break bulk and land the said goods without being subject to the payment of any additional duty thereon. But if on examination the Superintendent of Customs shall detect any fraud on the revenue in the case, then the goods shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation to the Chinese government. Grain and rice may be re-exported without hinderance.

ART. 22. The tonnage duty on vessels belonging to citizens of the United States shall be paid on their being admitted to entry. Duties of import shall be paid on the discharge of the goods, and duties of export on the landing of the same. When all such duties shall have been paid, and not before, the Superintender t of Customs shall give a port clearance, and the consul shall return the ship's papers, and she may proceed on her voyage. The duties shall be paid to the Shroff's authorized by the Chinese government to receive the same in its behalf.

Duties payable by merchants of the United States shall be received either in sycee silver or in foreign money, at the rate of exchange of the day. Consuls shall be held responsible if they permit vessels to go without paying the legal duties.

ART. 23. When goods on board any merchant vessel of the United States into port are to be transhipped to another vessel, application shall be made to the consul, who shall certify the occasion thereof to the Superintendent of Customs, who may appoint officers to examine into the facts and permit the transhipment. And if any goods be transhipped without such application and permit they shall be subject to confiscation to the Chinese government.

ART. 24. For debts due from subjects of China to citizens of the United States, the latter may seek redress in law, and on suitable representation being made to the Chinese authorities, through the consul, they will cause due examination in the premises, and take all proper steps to compel satisfaction. If citizens of the United States be indebted to subjects of China, the latter may seek redress in the same way through the consul. But the Chinese government will not hold itself responsible for any debts due from subjects of China to citizens of the United States, nor will the United States be responsible for any debts of its citizens to subjects of China.

ART. 25. It shall be lawful for the officers and citizens of the United States to employ scholars and people of any part of China to teach any of the languages of the Empire, and to assist in literary labors, and the persons so employed shall not, for that cause, be subject to any injury on the part of the government or of individuals; and it shall in like manner be lawful for citizens of the United States to purchase all manner of books in China.

ART. 26. Relations of peace and amity between the United States and China being established by this treaty, and the vessels of the United States being admitted to trade freely to and from the ports of China open to foreign commerce, it is further agreed that, in case at any time hereafter China should be at war with any foreign nation whatever, and for that cause should exclude such nation from entering her ports, still the vessels of the United States shall not the less continue to pursue their commerce in freedom and security, and to transport goods to and from the ports of the belligerent parties, full respect being paid to the neutrality of the flag of the United States-provided that the said flag shall not protect vessels engaged in the transportation of officers and soldiers in the enemy's service-nor shall said flag be fraudulently used to enable the enemy's ships, with their cargoes, to enter the ports of China; but all such vessels so offending shall be subject to forfeiture and confiscation by the Chinese govern

ment.

ART. 27. All questions in regard to rights, whether of property or person, arising between citizens of the United States in China, shall be subject to the jurisdiction and regulated by the authorities of their own government, and all controversies occurring in China between citizens of the United States and subjects of any other government shall be regulated by the treaties existing between the United States and such government respectively, without interference on the part of China.

ART. 28. If citizens of the United States have special occasion to address any communication to the Chinese local officers of the government, they shall submit the same to their consul or other officer to determine if the language be proper and respectful, and the matter just and right, in which event he shall transmit the same to the appropriate authorities for their consideration and action in the premises. In like manner, if subjects of China have occasion to address the consul of the United States, they shall submit the communication to the local authorities of their own government, to determine if the language be respectful and proper, and the matter just and right, in which case the said authorities will transmit the same to the consul, or other officer, for his consideration and action in the premises. And if controversies arise between citizens of the United States and subjects of China, which cannot be amicably settled otherwise, the same shall be examined and decided conformably to justice and equity by the

public officers of the two nations acting in conjunction. all illegal fees is prohibited.

And the extortion of

ART. 29. The principles of the catholic religion, as professed by Protestants and Roman Catholics, are recognized as teaching men to do good, and to do to others as they would have others do unto them. Hereafter, therefore, those persons who may be quietly and peaceably teaching these doctrines shall not be persecuted; and any person who may teach these principles shall not on that account be interfered with or molested in any way.

ART. 30. The contracting parties agree that if the Ta-tsing Empire should grant to any nation, or to any citizen of foreign nations, any rights or privileges connected with commerce, navigation, or politics, such rights and privileges shall enure to the merchants and citizens of the United States also.

This treaty shall be ratified by the President and Senate of the United States within one year or sooner from the date thereof, and by the Sovereign of the Ta-tsing Empire forthwith And ratifications shall be exchanged within one

year from the date of its signature. Dated at Tien-tsin, June 18th, 1858.

TO BE CARRIED AND USED BY SEA-GOING VESSELS OF GREAT BRITAIN, TO PREVENT

COLLISION.

The following official notice respecting lights and fog signals to be carried and used by sea-going vessels of Great Britain, to prevent collision, has been issued by the Commissioners of the Admiralty, and is republished for the information of mariners. By order of the Lighthouse Board,

WASHINGTON, September 6, 1858.

THORNTON A. JENKINS, Secretary.

ADMIRALTY NOTICE RESPECTING LIGHTS AND FOG SIGNALS TO BE CARRIED AND USED BY SEA-GOING VESSELS, TO PREVENT COLLISION.

By the Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, etc. :—

By virtue of the power and authority vested in us, we hereby revoke, as from and after the 30th day of September, 1858, the regulations made and published by us on the 1st day of May, 1852, relating to the lights to be carried by seagoing vessels to prevent collision:-And we hereby make the following regulations, and require and direct that the same be strictly observed and carried into effect on and after the 1st day of October, 1858.

STEAM VESSELS.

All sea-going steam vessels, when under steam, shall, between sunset and sunrise, exhibit the following lights :

1. A bright white light at the foremast head; a green light on the starboard side; a red light on the port side.

2. The mast-head light shall be so constructed as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere, at a distance of at least 5 miles, and shall show an uniform and unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 20 points of the compass, and it shall be so fixed as to throw the light 10 points on each side of the ship, viz. :--from right ahead to 2 points abaft the beam on either side.

3. The green light on the starboard side, and the red light on the port side, shall be so constructed as to be visible on a dark night, with a clear atmosphere,