Grease or oils, from animals not enumerated in the tariff $4 per 100 lbs. All of which is, by order, communicated to you for your guidance. The sub-secretary of state and treasury, M. DE CASTILLO. THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF SAN FRANCISCO. THE following are the names of the officers of the Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco, and schedules of rates of commission and brokerage to be charg ed, where no express agreement to the contrary exists, &c., &c. OFFICERS OF THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE FOR 1864-65. President, or one of the Vice-Presidents, ex officio Chairman. F. W. LADD, Chairman to May, 1865; and members retiring August, 1864. Rates of Commission and Brokerage to be Charged where no Express Agreement to the contrary exists: On purchase of stocks, bonds, and all kinds of securities, including the drawing of bills for payment of same On sale of stocks, bonds, and all kinds of securities, including remittances in bills and guarantee. 24 per cent. 21 do On purchase or sale of specie, gold dust or bullion. On sale of ditto, without endorsement.. For endorsing bills of exchange, when desired. 24 do On sale of merchandise from domestic Atlantic ports, with guarantee.. 74 do 10 do 21 do The receipt of the bill of lading to be considered equivalent to re- On purchase and shipment of merchandise with funds in hand, on cost and charges... .... On ditto without funds in hand, on cost and charges.... 5 per cent. 71 10 21 For collecting freight by vessels from foreign ports, on amount collected 5 For collecting the general average, on the first $20,000, or any smaller amount. Ditto on any excess over $20,000.. For collecting and paying or remitting money, from which no other commission is derived.. On purchase or sale of vessels.. For entering, clearing, and transacting ship's business, on vessels with cargo or passengers from foreign ports: On vessels under 200 tons register.. 5 do do 24 21 On vessels from domestic Atlantic ports, where no other commission is For disbursements of vessels by consignees with funds in hand. For chartering vessels, on amount of freight actual or estimated, to be considered as due when the charter parties are signed...... But no charter to be considered binding, till a memorandum, or one On giving bonds for vessels under attachment in litigated cases,on amount of liability... For landing and re-shipping goods from vessels in distress, on invoice value, or, in its absence, on marked value.. For receiving and forwarding goods, on invoice amount.. For effecting marine insurance, on amount insured..... The foregoing commissions to be exclusive of brokerage, and every other charge actually incurred. Measurement goods, per month, $1 per ton of forty cubic feet; heavy ditto $1 per ton of 2,000 lbs.; or, in either case, the amount actually paid. The consignee to have the option of charging by weight or measurement. A fraction of a month to be charged as a month. REGULATIONS. Concerning Delivery of Merchandise, Payment of Freight, &c. When no express stipulation exists, per bill of lading, goods are to be considered as deliverable on shore. Freight on all goods to be paid, or secured to the satisfaction of the captain or consignee of the vessel, prior to the delivery of the goods. After the delivery to the purchaser of merchandise sold, no claims for damage, deficiency, or other cause, shall be admissable, unless made within three days, and no such claim shall be admissable after goods sold and delivered have once left the city. When foreign bills of lading do not expressly stipulate the payment of freight in a specific coin, foreign currency shall be reckoned according to the United States value thereof, and payment may be made in any legal tender of the United States. Where foreign bills of lading expressly stipulate that the freight shall be paid in a specific coin, then the same must be procured, if required, or its equivalent giventhe rate to be determined by the current value at the time in San Francisco. For tare on China Sugar 4 lbs. is to be allowed on each mat containing 4 pockets of about 25 lbs, each. All other rates of tare are to be allowed, as by custom in New York, except when otherwise provided. ACT AMENDING THE WAREHOUSE ACT.-OFFICIAL COPY. [PUBLIC-NO. 105.] AN act to amend an act entitled "An act to extend the time for the withdrawal of goods from public stores and bonded warehouses, and for other purposes," approved 29th February, 1861. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all goods, wares, and merchandise in public stores and bonded warehouses, on which the duties are unpaid, and which shall have been in bond for more than one year and less than three years, may be entered for consumption and the bonds cancelled at any time before the first day of December next, on payment of duties and charges according to the laws in force at the time the goods shall be withdrawn. Approved June 17, 1864. First Principles of a New System of Philosophy. By HERBERT SPENCER. D. APPLETON & Co. Freedom of Mind in Willing; or, Every Being that Wills a Creative First Cause. By RowLAND G. HAZARD. D. APPLETON & Co. THE knowledge of the laws which govern the universe is science; the investigation of those laws is the study of science, and the investigator is the student of science, or the scientific man. All sciences naturally class themselves under two great subdivisions. They relate either to the knowledge of the laws of mind or of matter. The one prys into the nature of that subtle, internal, motive power, which, in some of its qualifications, neglects all pressure from without, and contains in itself the ability to do, or to leave undone. The other treats of that which is essentially inert; of that which possesses no inherent power of action; which moves not, but is moved only by the influence of some outward pressure. The former has for its object all the thoughts, feelings, and volitions of mind; whether it is the base mind of the brute, the higher intellectual capacity, the more delicate and refined susceptibility, the stronger and more determined will, which has been given to man, or those lofty and glorious attributes peculiar to the Celestials. The latter investigates the laws given by a mind, for the regulation and movement of inactive matter. It treats of the atom and of the mass; of the most minute distances, and of the boundless regions of ever extended space. It examines the laws which influence the inponderables; the operations of light, heat, electricity, and magnetism; but no where does it speak of that which is not under the influence of some outward force, and which, but for that outward force, would be motionless and dead. It is sad that this age of scientific inquiry should give comparatively so little attention to the study of metaphysics, and it is truly refreshing to be able to recommend to our readers two works of such scientific value as those of Messrs. HAZARD and SPENCER. Perhaps it is not strange that the study of the mind should have been so much neglected, because it is, perhaps, of all intellectual pursuits the most difficult. A man can go to work and try experiments which are to substantiate or overthrow some preconceived scientific theory. He can settle himself down, with dictionary and grammar, and draw forth, little by little, ideas clothed in the garb of a foreign language. In these cases the action of the mind is outward. The thought goes forth from the individual as subject; and ends in the matter of inquiry as object. In the study of the mind, however, there is a great difference. The student has to think about that which thinks. The action of the mind is now reflexive. The thought goes forth from the individual as subject, (in the same manner as before,) but it returns upon itself, and ends in the same individual as object. Here is where the great difficulty lies; it is easy for the thought to go forth-thinking is the normal condition of the human mind; but the thought seeks some outward object to end in, and when that object is refused to it, and it is compelled to turn from its course and act back upon itself, it does so only by an unnatural effort. But while we regard metaphysics as the most difficult of intellectual pursuits, we also regard it as the most remunerative. In the study of matter we examine that which cannot move, except as it is acted upon by outward influences, that which neither thinks, feels, nor wills. In the study of mind we examine that mysterious, all-pervading agent, whose dictates base matters must obey, and to whose will base matters must succumb. We examine that divine element which has made man the lord of the lower world, and clothed him in a garb of even heavenly beauty. The work of Mr. HAZARD is devoted to the subject of the freedom of the will, and, after examining this interesting topic in detail, he devotes the latter half of his book to a Review of Edwards on the Will. The work of Mr. SPENCER is the first of a series, which, when complete, is to unfold one philosophic plan. This volume is designed to determine the true sphere of all rational investigation, as well as those universal and necessary principles established within that sphere. It is to be followed by works on the "Principles of Life" on "Psychology, or the Science of the Mind;" on the "Science of Human Relations," and, in a fifth and last work, Mr. SPENCER intends to deduce from these the "Principles of Morality," and so to form the theory of right living. Thus we see what an extended subject Mr. SPENCER has taken hold of, and in what a masterly manner he is treating it, so as to make the unity of the whole apparent. We trust that enough interest will be taken in these subjects to encourage those who have given their time and attention to them, to go on aud give us the result of their labors in this most interesting field of human inquiry. History of the Romans under the Empire. By CHARLES MERIVALE, B.D. Vol. IV. D. Appleton & Co. Ir is with pleasure that we present to our readers the fourth volume of Mr. MERIVALE'S valuable history. The previous volumes, which from time to time demanded our notice, have carried us step by step through the great civil wars, and have shown us the emperial edifice gradually reared upon the ruins of the falling republic. We have now reached that point when the empire is permanently established. "Old things have passed away; all things have become new." By the death of BRUTUS and CASSIUS the murder of the great JULIUS was avenged, and then "all public grounds of civil contention ceased; with the overthrow of SEXTUS the Pompeian faction was extinguished; and, finally, on the deprivation of LEPIDUS and the death of ANTONIUS, even the victorious party acknowledged no divided interests, and OCTAVIUS maintained his place without a rival at its head." The shout of the soldiers at the battle of Actium was the funeral knell of the republic, and the cry of the new born empire; and the Eternal City, so long harassed by anarchy and civil war, was glad, by placing the power in the hands of the youthful hero, to close the temple of JANUS, as a sign of the return of peace. The extended domain to which the young OCTAVIUS aspired, while it was ready to welcome with joy a tranquility under any form of government, still remembered the traditional tyranny of TARQUIN the Proud, and haughtily rejected the hated title of king. It is curious that a people, of such deep penetration and subtle reasoning ability as the Romans, should have been so jealous of a mere title, while they submitted, almost without a murmur, to the reality. "That the name of the republic should be suffered to remain, while the yoke of royal rule was really fixed upon them, was beyond their power to conceive." Accordingly, while OCTAVIUS assumed the title of Imperator, a name with which the Roman people were familiar, and to which he, as commander of the legions, had a just and lawful claim, we nowhere find him mentioned as Rex. It is true he did search the Latin language for a fitting name, by which he might be known, and fixed, at last, upon that of AUGUSTUS; but this, so far from being an index of tyranny, was an epithet applied solely to the gods. The assumption of it by the youthful hero was a masterstroke of policy. It pointed out to the people his own divinity. It reminded them that in his veins flowed the blood of the now deified JULIUS, the descendant of the pious ENEAS, the heaven-born child of a goddess. Could such a being disgrace the Roman name, or enslave the Roman people! The idea was absurd. Did not the gods, who guided the Trojan fleet, and saved it from the "ever-mindful wrath of angry Juno," still watch over the Roman people, and rule them in the person of the young AUGUSTUS? And was not their hero himself divine; and could the gods do wrong? The principal events, which marked the reign of AUGUSTUS, were the pacification of the provinces and the wars with the German tribes. The history of these is related by Mr. MERIVALE in his usual graphic language and interesting style. The latter chapters are devoted to a general survey of the Empire: the vast extent of country, the different classes, languages and religions, which acknowledged the government of one man. The great cities of antiquity, and the important place they occupied in the ancient commonwealth, are discussed in this volume at some length. The author endeavors also to ascertain the population of the Eternal City, in the days of its splendors, from its area, the number of its houses, and the number of the recipients of grain. Lord MACAULAY, in his History of England, pauses in the record of events, to give us some insight into the daily life, the habits and customs of the English people. So does Mr. MERIVALE, before entering upon the reign of TIBERIUS, pause in his historic narrative, to lay before us the every day life of the old inhabitants of Rome. It has always seemed as if a misty atmosphere enveloped the bye gone ages of antiquity, and the very old heroes we read about, are apt to be regarded somewhat in the character of myths. It is difficult to think of them as men and women, eating, |