victions for all offenses, except treason and cases of impeachment, upon such conditions and with such restrictions and limitations as he may think proper, subject to regulations provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons. Upon conviction for treason, he may suspend the execution of the sentence until the case shall be reported to the legislature at its next session, when the legislature shall either pardon or commute the sentence, direct the execution of the sentence or grant a further reprieve. He shall communicate to the legislature at each session information of each case of reprieve, commutation or pardon granted and the reasons therefor.

No change from Sec. 11, Art. V.

SEC. 10. Whenever a vacancy shall occur in any of the state offices, the governor shall fill the same by appointment, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, if in session.

No change from Sec. 3, Art. VIII.

SEC. 11. All official acts of the governor, except his approval of the laws, shall be authenticated by the great seal of the state, which shall be kept by the secretary of state.

No change from Sec. 18, Art. V, except in phraseology.

SEC. 12. All commissions issued to persons holding office under the provisions of this constitution shall be in the name and by the authority of the people of the state of Michigan, sealed with the great seal of the state, signed by the governor and countersigned by the secretary of state. No change from Sec. 19, Art. V.

SEC. 13. No person shall be eligible to the office of governor or lieutenant governor who shall not have attained the age of thirty years and who has not been five years a citizen of the United States and a resident of this state two years next preceding his election.

No change from Sec. 2, Art. V, except in phraseology.

SEC. 14. No member of congress nor any person holding office under the United States or this state shall execute the office of governor, except as provided in this constitution.

Sec. 15, Art. V.

SEC. 15. No person elected governor or lieutenant governor shall be eligible to any office or appointment from the legislature, or either house thereof, during the time for which he was elected. All votes for either of them for any such office shall be void.

No change from Sec. 16, Art. V.

SEC. 16. In case of the impeachment of the governor, his removal from office, death, inability, resignation or absence from the state, the powers and duties of the office shall devolve upon the lieutenant governor for the residue of the term or until the disability ceases. When the governor shall be out of the state at the head of a military force thereof, he shall continue commander-in-chief of all the military force of the state. Sec. 12, Art. V. Words "in time of war" eliminated.

SEC. 17. During a vacancy in the office of governor, if the lieutenant

C

governor die, resign, or be impeached, displaced, be incapable of performing the duties of his office, or absent from the state, the secretary of state shall act as governor until the vacancy be filled or the disability cease.

Sec. 13, Art. V. Secretary of state substituted for president pro tempore of the senate.

SEC. 18. The lieutenant governor or secretary of state, while performing the duties of governor, shall receive the same compensation as the governor.

Sec. 17, Art. V. Similar change to that in preceding section.

SEC. 19. The lieutenant governor shall be president of the senate, but shall have no vote.

Revision of Sec. 14, Art. V.

SEC. 20. The secretary of state, state treasurer and commissioner of the state land office shall constitute a board of state auditors. They shall examine and adjust all claims against the state not otherwise provided for by general law. They shall constitute a board of state canvassers to determine the result of all elections for governor, lieutenant governor, state officers and such other officers as shall by law be referred to them. They shall act as a state board of escheats and a board of fund commissioners. They shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law. In case the office of commissioner of the state land office is abolished, another state officer shall be designated by law as a member of the several boards mentioned in this section.

Sec. 4, Art. VIII.

SEC. 21. The governor and attorney general shall each receive an annual salary of five thousand dollars. The secretary of state, state treasurer, commissioner of the state land office and auditor general shall each receive an annual salary of twenty-five hundred dollars. They shall receive no fees or perquisites whatever for the performance of any duties connected with the offices. It shall not be competent for the legislature to increase the salaries herein provided.

Sec. 1, Art. IX. Supersedes provisions relating to salaries of officers named.

ARTICLE VII.

JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT.

SECTION 1. The judicial power shall be vested in one supreme court, circuit courts, probate courts, justices of the peace and such other courts of civil and criminal jurisdiction, inferior to the supreme court, as the legislature may establish by general law, by a two-thirds vote of the members elected to each house.

Sec. 1, Art. VI.

THE SUPREME COURT.

SEC. 2. The supreme court shall consist of one chief justice and associate justices, to be chosen by the electors of the state at the regular biennial spring elections; and not more than two justices shall go out of office at the same time. The term of office shall be prescribed by law. Recasts Sec. 2, Art. VI.

SEC. 3. Four terms of the supreme court shall be held annually at such times and places as may be designated by law.

No change from Sec. 4, Art. VI.

SEC. 4. The supreme court shall have a general superintending control over all inferior courts; and shall have power to issue writs of error, habeas corpus, mandamus, quo warranto, procedendo and other original and remedial writs, and to hear and determine the same. In all other cases it shall have appellate jurisdiction only.

No change from Sec. 3, Art. VI.

SEC. 5. The supreme court shall by general rules establish, modify and amend the practice in such court and in all other courts of record, and simplify the same. The legislature shall, as far as practicable, abolish distinctions between law and equity proceedings. The office of master in chancery is prohibited.

Sec. 5. Art. VI.

SEC. 6. The supreme court may appoint and remove its clerk, a reporter of its decisions and a court crier, each of whom shall perform such duties and receive such salary as shall be prescribed by law; and all fees, perquisites and income collected by the clerk shall be turned over by him to the state treasury and credited to the general fund. No justice of the supreme court shall exercise any other power of appointment to public office.

Portions of Secs. 10 and 12, Art. VI. Adds appointment of court crier and provides that the clerk be paid a salary.

SEC. 7. Decisions of the supreme court, including all cases of mandamus, quo warranto and certiorari, shall be in writing, with a concise statement of the facts and reasons for the decisions; and shall be signed by the justices concurring therein. Any justice dissenting from a decision shall give the reasons for such dissent in writing under his signature. All such opinions shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the supreme court.

Revises part of Sec. 10, Art. VI. Additional proceedings in the decision of which the court shall file written opinions.

CIRCUIT COURTS.

SEC. 8. The state shall be divided into judicial circuits in each of which there shall be elected one circuit judge. The legislature may provide by law for the election of more than one circuit judge in any judicial circuit. A circuit court shall be held at least four times in each year in every county organized for judicial purposes. Each circuit judge shall hold court in the county or counties within the circuit in which he is elected, and in other circuits as may be provided by law. The legislature may by law arrange the various circuits into judicial districts, and provide for the manner of holding courts therein. Circuits and districts may be created, altered or discontinued by law, but no such alteration or discontinuance shall have the effect to remove a judge from office.

General revision. Secs. 6, 7 and 11, Art. VI.

SEC. 9. Circuit judges shall be elected on the first Monday in April, nineteen hundred eleven, and every sixth year thereafter. They shall hold office for a term of six years and until their successors are elected and qualified. They shall be ineligible to any other than a judicial office during the term for which they are elected and for one year thereafter. Corresponds with Sec. 20, Art. VI, with changes in phraseology. Last sentence taken from Sec. 9, Art. VI.

SEC. 10. Circuit courts shall have original jurisdiction in all matters civil and criminal not excepted in this constitution and not prohibited by law, and appellate jurisdiction from all inferior courts and tribunals and a supervisory control of the same. They shall also have power to issue writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, injunction, quo warranto and certiorari and to hear and determine the same; and to issue such other writs as may be necessary to carry into effect their orders, judgments and decrees and give them general control over inferior courts and tribunals within their respective jurisdictions, and in all such other cases and matters as the supreme court shall by rule prescribe.

No change from Sec. 8, Art. VI, except in phraseology.

SEC. 11. The clerk of each county organized for judicial purposes shall be clerk of the circuit court for such county. The judges of the circuit courts may fill any vacancy in the offices of county clerk or prosecuting attorney within their respective jurisdictions, but shall not exercise any other power of appointment to public office.

Revises portions of Secs. 10 and 12, Art. VI. No change in effect.

SEC. 12. Each of the judges of the circuit courts shall receive a salary payable monthly. In addition to the salary paid from the state treasury, cach circuit judge may receive from any county in which he regularly holds court such additional salary as may be determined from time to time by the board of supervisors of the county. In any county where such additional salary is granted it shall be paid at the same rate to all circuit judges regularly holding court therein.

Revises portions of Secs. 6 and 9, Art. VI.

PROBATE COURTS.

SEC. 13. In each county organized for judicial purposes, there shall be a probate court. The jurisdiction, powers and duties of such courts and of the judges thereof shall be prescribed by law, and they shall also have original jurisdiction in all cases of juvenile delinquents and dependents. Part of Sec. 13, Art. VI.

SEC. 14. Judges of probate shall be elected in the counties in which they reside, and shall hold office for four years and until their successors are elected and qualified. They shall be elected on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday of November, nineteen hundred twelve, and every four years thereafter. The legislature may provide by law for the election of more than one judge of probate in counties with more than one hundred thousand inhabitants, and may provide for the election of such judges in such counties at alternate biennial elections.

Substituted for Sec. 21 and part of Sec. 13, Art. VI.

JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.

SEC. 15. There shall be elected in each organized township not to exceed four justices of the peace, each of whom shall hold the office for four years and until his successor is elected and qualified. At the first election in any township they shall be classified as shall be prescribed by law. A justice elected to fill a vacancy shall hold the office for the residue of the unexpired term. The legislature may provide by law for justices in cities.

No change from Sec. 17, Art. VI, except in phraseology.

SEC. 16. In civil cases, justices of the peace shall have exclusive jurisdiction to the amount of one hundred dollars and concurrent jurisdiction to the amount of three hundred dollars, which may be increased to five hundred dollars, with such exceptions and restrictions as may be provided by law. They shall also have such criminal jurisdiction and perform such duties as shall be prescribed by law.

Sec. 18, Art. VI. No change except that word "law" substituted for "the legislature."

GENERAL PROVISIONS.

SEC. 17. The supreme court and the circuit and probate courts of each county shall be courts of record, and shall each have a common seal. No change from Sec. 15, Art. VI, except in phraseology.

SEC. 18. Justices of the supreme court, circuit judges and justices of the peace shall be conservators of the peace within their respective jurisdictions.

No change from Sec. 19, Art. VI, except in phraseology.

SEC. 19. Whenever a judge shall remove beyond the limits of the jurisdiction for which he was elected, or a justice of the peace from the township in which he was elected, or by a change in the boundaries of such township shall be placed without the same, he shall be deemed to have vacated the office.

No change from Sec. 22, Art. VI, except in phraseology.

SEC. 20. When a vacancy occurs in the office of judge of any court of record, it shall be filled by appointment of the governor, and the person appointed shall hold the office until a successor is elected and qualified. When elected, such successor shall hold the office the residue of the unexpired term.

No change from Sec. 14, Art. VI, except in phraseology.

SEC. 21. The legislature may provide by law for the election of one or more persons in each organized county who may be vested with judicial powers not exceeding those of a judge of the circuit court at chambers. No change from Sec. 16, Art. VI.

SEC. 22. The style of all process shall be: "In the Name of the People of the State of Michigan."

No change from Sec. 35, Art. VI.