n some proportion to the material growth is the spiritual decay.” Page 10, note I. Now comes the counter-statement. In a lecture on Private Life, in the course of 1839-40 on the Present Age, Mr. Emerson said, Nothing but God is self-dependent. Man is powerful only by the multitude of his affinities." Mr. Emerson writes in his journal of 1852: “Of Francis Potter Aubrey says, 'T was pity that such a delicate inventive wit should be staked in an obscure corner from whence men rarely emerge to higher preferment, but contract a moss on them, like an old pale in an orchard, for want of ingenious conversations, which is a great want even to the deepest thinking men; as Mr. Hobbes hath often said The new home in Concord after Mr. Emerson's marriage, its hospitalities and the new friends who visited him there, altered his half-resolves to be a hermit," since it was from eternity a settled thing that he and society were to be nothing to each other." Page II, note 1. The rapidly increasing demand through the country for instruction by the serious lyceum-lecture justified this statement. Mr. Emerson, remembering that "the light of the public square tests the statue,' saw the value of testing his lectures on self-made men and brave women and earnest. youths struggling for an education. Page 12, note 1. The allusion here is to a happy experience, always remembered with pleasure. On his journey to Florida for health, when a student, Mr. Emerson fell in with Achille Murat, the son of Napoleon's great leader of cavalry, afterwards king of Naples. The son was a man of thought and of great charm, then a planter at Tallahassee. He and Mr. Emerson exchanged some thoughtful letters, but never met again. Apropos of the first part of the paragraph is the following extract: Journal, 1862. "In manners, how impossible to overcome an unlucky temperament, unless by living with the well-bred from the start! Intellectual men pass for vulgar, and are timid and heavy with the elegant; but exhibit the best style if the elegant are intellectual. But the dancers' violin, or Beethoven's music even, degrades them instantly in manners, if they are not also musical. "Laws of society, a forever engaging topic. At Sir Wm. Molesworth's house, I asked Milnes to get me safely out: he behaved very well. An impassive temperament is a great fortune. Que de choses dont je peux me passer ! even dancing and music, if I had that." Page 13, note 1. The heights of an austere nobility in friendship and love are pictured in the end of the poems Rhea" and "The Celestial Love." The poem " Friendship" is more human and no less noble. Page 14, note 1. Mr. Emerson used to say, If Love his moment overstay, "Whom "The Visit," Poems. Page 16, note 1. The balancing necessity of these complementary conditions is set forth in a stray sheet, perhaps from the course on the Present Age, in 1839-40: "We have a double consciousness. We go to school, we learn to read, write, cipher and trade. We have talents, arts, success; we buy and sell, have wives, children, possessions, humours; we unfold and earn and prosper and possess. "But there is another element in us which does not learn or study or make gain, or value these things at all. It broods on all that is done, but does not; it makes no progress; is as wise at our earliest remembrance, as it is now. Others may come and go, fetch and carry, travel and govern. It lies in the sun and broods on the world." Yet in turn Thought must become Action to justify itself. The following is from the lecture " Morals," given in 1859: The heart "Meantime let no man imagine that the ends of the soul can be attained by intellectual exercises. Contemplation is an office of man, but contemplation is not man. Let him obey the melodious voice of Duty, which vibrates through the universe, calling him always to act. The moral sentiment so profound, and which seems the nearest vision we have of the face of the Creator, reveals itself still in actions. in us is orphan and forlorn until it finds virtue. duty, beside humility, beside courage, self-denial, rious love, how cold and dreary seem to us the gifts of mere genius. Go and deal with persons who are just and benevo lent, not in the vulgar and moderate sense, but religiously so, and you feel at home, though in another land or another world." Beside a and labo Mr. Emerson elsewhere thus summarized his conclusion.: “A man must ride alternately on the horses of his public and private nature, Like vaulters in a circus round Who leap from horse to horse but never touch the ground.” CIVILIZATION In April, 1861, Mr. Emerson began a course of lectures on Life and Literature at the Meionaon in Boston. He had probably prepared the lecture on Civilization in much the same form that it is printed here. But the outbreak of the Rebellion turned all thought on the crisis in the life of the Nation. Four days before this lecture was delivered he had seen the young men of Concord mustered in arms on the village green and, with the prayers of their townsfolk, march to the defence of constitutional liberty. It seemed a fated day for Concord, the Nineteenth of April, for this was the third time in her history that her sons had been summoned for that duty on that day. The news of the attack of the Baltimore mob on the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment on that same day had also come, and again, as at Concord Bridge, a soldier from Acton was the first victim of the war. With a lapse towards barbarism threatening the country, and yet a new hope springing up with the awakening of the North, the lecture written in less stirring days had to be remodelled for the hour. Mr. Emerson named it " Civilization at a Pinch." This was, without doubt, the basis for the lecture which, with the addition of an earnest appeal to the Administration for emancipation of the slaves, was read by him before the Smithsonian Institution at Washington in January, 1862. Under the title there used, "American Civilization," it was printed in the Atlantic Monthly for April, 1862. It was afterwards separated into the essay here printed, treating of the general theme, only referring to the times in the last paragraph, and the appeal for the political exigency of the hour, 66 lanies. American Civilization," included in the Miscel Page 19, note 1. The civilized man in the best sense is described in the poem which serves also as motto for "Culture" and bears that name, beginning, — - Can rules or tutors educate The semigod whom we await ? Page 20, note 1. Less well known than that of Cadmus in the mythology, the inventor of the alphabet, is the name of Pytheas, the Massilian Greek who, in the fourth century B. C., first explored the shores of Northern Europe and described them and the midnight sun. He discovered the inclination of the ecliptic, the circuit of the Pole-star and the relation of the tides to the moon. Manco Capac, according to tradition, was the first of the Incas, the son of the sun, and gave to the savage Peruvians the arts of life. They grope the sea for pearls, but more than pearls; They pluck Force thence and give it to the wise. Wealth to the cunning artist who can work This matchless strength. "Sea-Shore," Poems. Page 22, note 1. By comparing this paragraph with the ending of "The Adirondacs" in the Poems, when, after the celebration of the wild forest life, and the men it breeds, Civilization yet receives its dues, the date of the composition can be fixed. For in the summer of 1858 Mr. Emerson enjoyed with his friends, yet, as ever, much alone, two weeks in the |