Contents Books recommended: James, " Psychology," Henry Holt; Donaldson, "Growth of Brain," Scribners; Sandford, 'Experimental Psychology," Heath; Waldstein, "The Subconscious Self," Scribners; Bramwell, "Hypnotism," Lippincott; Sidis, "Psychology of Suggestion," Apple- ton; Sidis, “Multiple Personalities,” Appleton. — Mod- ern psychology is becoming an important branch of medicine, because it is recognized that "no mental modification ever occurs which is not accompanied or followed by bodily change.". Cerebration is accompa- nied by a temporary association and grouping of nerve cells, but thought is not a physical matter. — Develop- ment of nervous system a part of organic evolution.— Psychic missing links. - Instincts, common to man and beast. Man alone possesses reason. "No action but such as shows a choice of means can be called indu- bitable expression of mind."- Recepts and concepts. - - The concatenated impulse; economic value. Professional habits. - Intelligent reading is wise skip- ping. The conscious and subconscious; relationship. — The "Moment Consciousness."- Sleep a dissociation of few or many nerve centers. - Dreams are sleeping hallu- cinations; duration short. - Caused by some centripetal stimulus, somatic or external. Infinite resources of the subconscious. Wonderful memory; how to utilize it. - A possible explanation of genius. — Geniuses not well sense perception. The threshold. The greatness and littleness of human intellect. - Special senses, a refine- ment of tactile sense. The outward reference of sensa- tion. The correlation of the senses. tions. The inverted retinal image, current explanation of erect vision: tactile experience reinverts visual sensa- tion; incorrect, because not analogous to other special First sight of congenitally blind is always erect. - Mr. Hanna's experience. Man ignorant of retinal image. Each mathematical point of object is referred without parallax. -Law of corresponding points. ganglion cell two neurons, divide for both retina. PAGE Difficult entation, with prism. — Diplopia: — physiological at distances farther or nearer than point fixed. — Analogy of digital tactile sense. - Binocular estimation of distance. Fusing successive double images. - Coördination of convergence and accommodation. - Stereoscopic perspective. Pictures correspond to right and left retinal images.- Convergence required to fuse, determines distance; convergence excessive, nearness; convergence slight, distance. May overcome mathematical perspective. - Binocular vision an acquired faculty. - Fusion training. The amblyoscope. Phoro-optometer stereoscope. — Controlled reading 55-65 CHAPTER V HYPNOSIS-HISTORICAL Hypnotism. Historical. Neuro-hypnotism. Nerve sleep, so called by Braid, 1843. Phenomena are as old of Suggestion," "Psycho-pathological Researches,” “Multiple Personality."- Methods of hypnotizing. — Physical means not essential but useful. - Patient should be told what to expect. Narcotics and anesthetics. - Suscep- PAGE 66-80 what arbitrary. Mild, catalepsy, conclusive evidence of hypnosis. Deep, somnambulism, hallucinations accepted. — Catalepsy unwise to exceed at first attempt; sufficient for slight analgesia; sufficient for therapeutic suggestions. Anesthesia not practicable for general surgery, because not absolute in more than ten per cent. – Character and frequency of pulse may be controlled. Suggestibility increased, raise of threshold. - Amnesia the rule, but subject to suggestion. The alert stage, seemingly inconsistent with sleep. Hallucinations: positive, negative; en rapport with operator, but others may be introduced. Subject reasons deductively, but not inductively.- Post-hypnotic suggestions; appreciation of time.-Automatism, not absolute, subject may refuse harmless suggestion.—Criminal suggestions, popular literature responsible for belief in; mistaken deductions from paper dagger experiment. Refinement of moral sense. - The higher self: avoid being deceived. Precautions in conducting experiments: avoid selfdeception 81-95 CHAPTER VII HYPNOSIS-THEORIES What is hypnotism?—Theories.—1766, Mesmer, animal Influence of heavenly bodies. 1851, Professor Gregory, "Animal Magnetism." - Influence of inanimate bodies. - Confirms Reichenbach's odylic force. — Operator's will sufficient to control subject.- Defends phrenology, but suggestion will produce same results.— 1843-55, Braid, three distinct theories: (1) Physical theory, “hypnotism” manipulation of cranium produces characteristic phenomena; (2) Substitute mono- ideism for hypnotism, preconceptions of subject, dominant ideas, suggested by operator, magnets, metals, and sealed medicines, inert except as vehicles of suggestion; (3) Double consciousness. Modern theories. Charcot, Salpêtrière, the discordant note. Responsible for mod- ern prejudices. Bernheim, suggestion, the all-sufficiency of. Sidis, laws of suggestibility. - Myers, subliminal consciousness. — Volition, subject not unconscious. Psychotherapeutics. - Definition of therapeutics.- Drugs, surgery, orthopedics, electricity, mechanotherapy, refrac- tion, hydrotherapy, massage, in all a physical element. Psychotherapeutics, elimination of the physical agent. Man a suggestible animal. Historical: "Thy faith hath made thee whole; " royal touch; shrines; prayer cure; Christian Science; "mental healing;" Whipple, New York; Newcomb, Boston. - Claim everything, but refuse to substantiate. Silent treatments, accord with Sidis' law. Indirect suggestions, accord with Sidis' law. - Bernheim, a-hypnotic suggestion. - Hypnosis necessary to overcome auto-suggestions. - Method of giving treat- Sphere of psychotherapeutics: subconscious memory of pain, hallucinations, insomnia, neuralgia, con- |