Fuel, Its Combustion and Economy: Consisting of Abridgements of A Treatise on the Combustion of Coal and the Prevention of SmokeCrosby Lockwood & Company, 1880 - 354 pages |
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Common terms and phrases
24 hours acid admission of air admitted amounts anthracite average bars bituminous coal blast brick bridge burned burnt gases calories carbonic oxide cent per cent chamber charged chimney coal consumed coal gas coke combustible gases compared complete combustion conductors consumption cubic feet cubic foot damper Decazeville Ditto door draught economic value effect engines evaporative power experiments Fahr fire fire-grate firebrick flame flue foot of grate gas-furnace gazogene heat of combustion heating surface hydrogen iron kilogrammes lignite marine boilers mixture nitrogen old furnaces ordinary furnaces orifices oxygen passing peat Péclet plate pound of coal prevention of smoke produced products of combustion proportion puddled iron puddling furnace quantity of air quantity of coal quantity of heat regenerators retort Siemens specific heat square feet square foot square inches steam supply of air temperature tion tons total heat tubes utilised vertical volume weight whilst
Popular passages
Page 292 - ... white heat before they meet in the furnace, and there add to the carried heat, that due to their mutual chemical action. It is considered that when the furnace is in full order, the heat carried forward to be evolved by the chemical action of combustion is about 4000°...
Page 291 - ... feet thick, various operations go on in those parts of the fuel which cannot burn for want of air. Thus the upper and cooler part of the coal produces a large body of hydro-carbons; the cinders or coke which are not volatilized, approach, in descending, towards the grate; that part which is nearest the grate burns with the entering air into carbonic acid, and the heat evolved ignites the mass above it; the carbonic acid, passing slowly through the ignited carbon...
Page 175 - The whole of the experiments with the competitors' plans were made with the boiler after the heater was added, as also were those made previously for establishing the standard of reference. -We have established as the standard the means of a series of experiments during which the firing was conducted according to the ordinary system, every care, however, being taken to get the maximum of work out of the boiler by keeping the fire-grates clean and by frequent stoking. No air was admitted except through...
Page 96 - Whatever, therefore, interrupts this succession ; (that is, allows the explosion of one group to be terminated before another is ready, and within the range of its required temperature), virtually causes the flame to cease ; in ordinary language, puts it out. Again, if by any cooling agency we reduce the temperature below that of accension, or kindling, the effect is the same : the succession is broken, and the continuousness of the flame ceases ; as when we blow strongly on the flame of a candle,...
Page 183 - ... through the body of the coals as well as through perforations in the front plate of the furnace. When the furnace requires fresh fuel, a portion of that forming the heap, and which, to some, extent, has parted with its gases, is pushed forward and its place made up by fresh fuel laid on in front. This plan did not succeed in preventing smoke, for whenever the coal was pushed forward upon the fire, dense smoke was evolved. We regret that Mr. Stoney was not personally present to see the result,...
Page 208 - That by an easy method of firing, combined with a due admission of air in front of the furnace, and a proper arrangement of fire-grate, the emission of smoke may be effectually prevented in ordinary marine multitubular boilers whilst using the steam coals of the " Hartley District
Page 34 - Mr. Houldsworth estimates the advantages gained by the admission of air (when properly regulated) at 35 per cent., and when passed through a fixed aperture of 43 square inches, at 34 per cent. This is a near approximation to the mean of five experiments, which, according to the preceding table, gives 33£ per cent. , which probably approaches as near the maximum as can be expected under all the changes and vicissitudes which take place in general practice.
Page 208 - ... front of the furnace, and a proper arrangement of firegrate, the emission of smoke may be effectually prevented in ordinary marine multitubular boilers whilst using the steam-coals of the Hartley district of Northumberland. 2nd. That the prevention of smoke increases the economic value of the fuel and the evaporative power of the boiler. 3rd. That the coals from the Hartley district have an evaporative power fully equal to that of the best Welsh steam-coals, and that, practically, as regards...
Page 293 - If the combustion in the furnace is required to be gradual from end to end, the inlets of air and gas are placed more or less apart the one from the other. The gas is lighter than the air ; and if a rapid evolution of heat is required as in a short puddling furnace, the mouth of the gas inlet is placed below that of the air inlet ; if the reverse is required, as in the long tube-welding furnace, the contrary arrangement is used. Sometimes, as in the enameller's furnace, which is a long muffle, it...
Page 183 - Its peculiarity consists in the adoption of a shelf outside the boiler, forming, in fact, a continuation of the dead plate outwards. Upon this shelf the fresh charge of coals is laid in a large heap, about half of the heap being within the furnace, and the rest outside The door is a sliding frame, which shuts down upon the top of this heap of coals, so that air is admitted through the body of the coals, as well as through perforations in the front plate of the furnace. When the furnace requires fresh...