The American Naturalist, Volume 169

adaptive adult age class allometry American Naturalist analysis Andersson Animal avian Behavioral Ecology Biological Sciences Biology birds blue tit brood canopy Carollia carotenoid chromatic clutch compared condition cone contrast cordgrass correlation diet distance divergence E-mail effects eggs environment environmental estimated evolution evolutionary Evolutionary Biology experimental feathers females foraging foundation species frequency function gene genetic growth rate habitat Hamilton's rule hybrid increase individuals interactions Journal length Lesser Antilles levels males manakins mating measured metapopulation migration morphological defense nest predation nestlings Oecologia offspring opsin optimal Osorio pairs parameters parasites parasitoids parental passerine patches patterns peak phenotypic phylogenetic pigments plant plumage plumage coloration population predicted prey reflectance relative reproductive resource Royal Society seed sensitivity sexual dichromatism sexual dimorphism sexual selection signals species spectral survival temperatures testosterone trade-off traits understory University values variables variation vision visual pigments Vorobyev wavelengths zeugopod